Window comparators, sometimes called limit comparators, determine when the input

voltage is within a preselected range. The output voltage usually goes to a TTL high when
the input voltage is within this preselected range. A typical window comparator circuit
consists of two comparators with two reference adjustments one for the low trip level and
one for the high trip level.

Window comparator is used to read the value of one or more resistors, which then drives a
relay.
A fail-safe majority operation circuit capable of immediately reporting faults by utilizing
multiple-valued signals is proposed, and the concrete configuration of the fail-safe majority
operation circuit is clarified. The fail-safe majority operation circuit is defined as a circuit that
has majority operation output signals and fault inspection output signals, never produces an
output signal 1 in the event of any fault in its component devices when the operation output
should be zero, and produces no wrong inspection output signals even if one input signal is
erroneous. The fail-safe majority operation circuit is composed of fail-safe AND gates that
have threshold values and are called window comparators

Temperature Range Indicator

Light Level Indicator