WELCOME TO BLUETOOTH

TECHNOLOGY

Presented By
M.L.Nikhil(09MD1A0438), III E.C.E
G.J.S.Pavan Kumar(09MD1A0417), III E.C.E

HISTORY OF

The word "Bluetooth" is taken from the 10th

century Danish King Harald Bluetooth.

DEFINITION

Bluetooth is a high-speed, low-power

microwave wireless link technology, designed
to connect phones, laptops and other portable
equipment together with little or no work by
the user.
The effective range of Bluetooth devices is 32
feet (10 meters). Bluetooth transfers data at
the rate of 1 Mbps. It is also known as the
IEEE 802.15 standards

Special Interest Group

Bluetooth SIG is responsible for

encouraging and supporting research
and development in Bluetooth
technology.

Why bluetooth?

Cable replacement between devices.

Supported by major companies.
Open Specification
Low power consumption
Connection can be initiated without user
interaction.
Devices can be connected to multiple devices at
the same time.

Technical features
Connection Type

Spread Spectrum
(Frequency Hopping) &
Time Division Duplex
(1600 hops/sec)

Spectrum

2.4 GHz ISM Open

Band (79 MHz of
spectrum = 79 channels)

Modulation

Gaussian Frequency
Shift Keying

Transmission Power

1 mw 100 mw

Data Rate

1 Mbps

Range

30 ft

Supported Stations

8 devices

Data Security
Authentication Key

128 bit key

Data Security Encryption

Key

8-128 bits (configurable)

Module size

9 x 9 mm

Operation
Bluetooth FHSS

Employs frequency hopping

spread spectrum
Reduce interference with
other devices
Pseudorandom hopping
1600 hops/sec- time slot is
defined as 625 microseconds

Time-Division Duplex Scheme

Channel is divided into consecutive slots (each 625 s)
One packet can be transmitted per slot
Subsequent slots are alternatively used for transmitting
and receiving
Strict alternation of slots between the master and the
slaves
Master can send packets to a slave only in EVEN slots
Slave can send packets to the master only in the ODD slots

Master &slave

The Bluetooth core system consists of an RF

transceiver, baseband, and protocol stack.
During typical operation, a physical radio channel is
shared by a group of devices that are synchronized to a
common clock and frequency hopping pattern. One
device provides the synchronization reference.
It is known as the master. All other devices are known
as slaves.
A group of devices synchronized in this fashion form a
piconet.
This is the fundamental form of communication for
Bluetooth wireless technology.

Typical Bluetooth Scenario

Bluetooth will support wireless point-to-point and point-tomultipoint (broadcast) between devices in a piconet.
Point to Point Link
Master - slave relationship
Bluetooth devices can function as masters or slaves
m

Piconet
It is the network formed by a Master and one or more
slaves (max 7)
Each piconet has max capacity (1 Mbps)
m

Piconet Structure
Master
Active Slave
Parked Slave
Standby

All devices in piconet hop together.

Connection State Machine

Inquiry

Page

Standby

Connected
Transmit
data
Park

Hol
d

Sniff

Ad-hoc Network the Scatternet

Inter-piconet communication
Up to 10 piconets in a
scatternet
Multiple piconets can operate
within same physical space
This is an ad-hoc, peer to
peer (P2P) network

ARCHITECTURAL LAYERS:

Device Manager:
controls the general behavior of the
Bluetooth enabled device

Functions :
inquiring
connecting
making the local Bluetooth enabled
device discoverable

Link Manager

Functions :
Creation
Modification
release of logical links
Establishment of link set-up between
devices is called link manager
protocal.

Baseband Resource Manager

It acts as a scheduler that grants time on the physical channels to
all of the entities that have negotiated an access contract.
Link Controller:
This is responsible for the encoding and decoding of Bluetooth
packets
RF:
The RF block is responsible for transmitting and receiving packets
of information on the physical channel.

security

Security Measures

Link Level Encryption & Authentication.

Personal Identification Numbers (PIN) for device access.

Long encryption keys are used (128 bit keys).

These keys are not transmitted over wireless. Other parameters are
transmitted over wireless which in combination with certain information
known to the device, can generate the keys.

Further encryption can be done at the application layer.

Bluetooth vs. IrD

Bluetooth

IrD

Point to Multipoint

Point to point

Data & Voice

Intended for Data Communication

Easier Synchronization due to

Infrared, LOS communication

omni-directional and no LOS

Can not penetrate solid objects

requirement

Devices can be mobile

Both devices must be stationary, for

synchronization

Range 10 m

Range 1 m

Bluetooth enabled devices

ADVANTAGES
Wireless
Inexpensive
Automatic
Interoperability
Low interference and energy consumption
Share voice and data
Upgradeable
Long lasting technology

Limitations
Every Bluetooth device has to have type
approval and qualification.
Less Range
Low data rate between devices

Conclusion
This technology is probably the only
one that a good chance to become
widely available among various
devices.

Thank you