TPRI

Development and Application of

Supercritical Coal-fired Units
and CFB Boilers in China
Presented by
Mr. Zhao Zongrang
Director of Project Management
Thermal Power Research Institute
26 January,2005
Cebu, The Philippines

TPRI
Development and Application of Supercritical
Coal-fired units and CFB boilers in China
1.

Current Status of Electric Power Industry in China

2.

Development and Application of Supercritical

Coal-fired Units

3.

Development and Application of CFB Boilers

TPRI
Chinas Total Installed Generating Capacity
500
401

GW

400

319

300

217

200
100

103

0
1987

1995

2000
Year

2004(May)

TPRI
Composition of Thermal Power units in 2002
Below 100MW

10%
28%
27%

16%
19%

Between 100MW
and 150MW
Between 200MW
and 250MW
Between 300MW
and 360MW
Between 500MW
and 800MW

Thermal power units account for around 74% of the total installed capacity
and thermal power generation accounts for around 80% of the total power
generation since 1980.

TPRI
Projection of Chinas Electric Power Development
1000

900

800
600

580
450

400
200
0

2005

2010

2020

Within the next 15 years, approximately 30 GW of new capacity will be installed

annually in China, including the retrofitting and upgrading of some old plants

Coal Utilization for Power Generation

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Currently, the net average coal consumption rate for thermal

power generation is as high as 381 g/kWh, which is about 50
g/kWh higher than that of industrialized countries. This is
because the combined capacity of all medium- and small-size
thermal power units is relatively quite large

Chinas coal consumption and production account for

approximately 30% of the worlds total

Total raw coal production was 1670 Mt in 2003, more than 50%
of which was used for power industry including CHP.

Coal consumption for power generation is projected to reach

1400 Mt by 2020

Measures for Restructuring

Chinas Electric Power Industry
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Increase the proportion of hydro and nuclear

power units as well as renewable power in order
to reduce thermal power generation
Increase natural gas-fired units in order to reduce
coal-fired power generation
Develop large capacity and high efficiency coalfired units, as well as clean coal power generation
units
Gradually shutdown small-capacity units and
refurbish medium-size units

TPRI
Development of Supercritical Coal-fired Units
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Supercritical and ultra-supercritical units have

been developed into proven mature and
commercialized advanced technologies in the
world
Over 600 supercritical coal-fired units have been
successfully into commercial operation for
decades worldwide.
About 60 ultra-supercritical units in operation
worldwide
The 1000MW class ultra-supercritical units with
steam parameters of 31MPa/600 /600 will be
developed in industrial economies.

TPRI

Advantages of Supercritical units

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Supercritical units have higher plant efficiency than that of subcritical units because of higher steam parameters.
The overall plant efficiency is around 41% for supercritical units
with steam parameters of 24.1MPa/538 /538 , which is is
about 2%-3% higher than that(38%) of sub-critical unit with
steam parameters of 16.7MPa/538/538
The overall plant efficiency is around 45% for ultra-supercritical
units with steam parameters of 31MPa/566 /566 ,which is
about 4% higher than that of the above supercritical units
The advanced supercritical units has reached an overall plant
efficiency of 47% to 49% in the world.
Develop large size coal-fired supercritical units with high steam
parameters will be the most effective technical solutions for
China to optimize its electric power structure. This will greatly
improve coal utilization efficiency and reduce pollutant
emissions in the near future.

TPRI

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Current Application of Supercritical

Coal-fired Units in China

Over 20 imported supercritical units with a total

capacity of 6000MW have been put into operation
The first two 600MW supercritical units supplied by
ABB-CE were put into operation at Shanghai
Shidoukou No.2 Power Plant in the early 1990s. The
net coal consumption rate was 312g/kWh
Almost all supercritical units currently under operation
in China are imported ones.
The Chinese technical personnel and operators have
got a better understanding to the operation
technology and design characteristics for these
supercritical units.

TPRI

Technical considerations for supercritical

coal-fired units domestically manufactured

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Since 1990s, the advanced supercritical units each rated

at 600MW worldwide have employed increasing steam
parameters from 24.2MPa/538/566 to 24.2MPa/566580/566-580 and is currently approaching to
24.2MPa/600/600.
The supercritical units currently under operation in China
employ steam parameters of 24.2MPa/538/538.
It is suggested that the supercritical units to be built in
China be based on 600MW capacity and employ steam
parameters of 24.2MPa/566/566,which is the proven
technology in industrial countries.
Around 100 supercritical coal-fired units have been
ordered and will be manufactured in the next few years

TPRI

Demonstration Project for Supercritical

Coal-fired Units at Huneng Qinbei Plant

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R&D and Manufacture of 600MW Supercritical units has been

listed as one of the key project during the 10th Five-Year Plan
Total Planning Capacity at Qinbei Plant : Six 600MW units
Phase I: two 600MW
Design efficiency: 41% Coal Consumption: 300 g/kWh
Phase I total investment: 5 billion RMB
Boiler supplier: China Dongfang Boiler Co.Ltd.
Turbine supplier: China Haerbin Turbine Co.Ltd .
Generator supplier: China Haerbin Generator Co.Ltd.
Project construction started on Oct. 2002
Commissioning and commercial operation in 2004
Phase I Unit 1: complete 168h trial operation on 23 Nov. 2004
Phase I Unit 2: complete 168h trial operation on 13 Dec. 2004

TPRI
Demonstration Project for ultra-supercritical
coal-fired units at Huneng Yuhuan Plant
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Research on ultral-supercritical coal-fired units has

been listed as one of 863 planning programmes of
MOST

Total Planned Capacity at Yuhuan Plant : 4 X 900MW

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Phase I: two 900MW

Phase I total investment:7.7 billion RMB

Project construction started in 2004

Commissioning will be in 2007

TPRI
Development of CFB Boilers in China
CFB boiler units have been rapidly developed in
recent years in China
China has the largest number of CFBC units in the
world; over 300 CFB boilers rated at 35t/h, 75t/h,
130t/h, and 220t/h under operation
More than 50 CFB boilers rated at 100 MW and 135
MW have been in operation and/or under
construction

TPRI
Application of a 100MW CFB Boilers
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The first 100-MW CFB Boiler units supplied by Alstom at

Neijiang power plant in Sichuan Province has operated for
several years

The first 100 MW CFB Boiler designed by TPRI and

domestically manufactured was put into commercial
operation at Fenyi power plant in Jiangxi in 2003
Boiler thermal efficiency >90% when firing low quality

coal with LHV of Qnet,ar=1518MJ/kg

Furnace temp: 920 950Flue gas temp: 145,
Cfh5%Ash cooler exit temp<150
Low load operation without oil: 30%BECR

TPRI
Development of a 200MW CFB Boilers
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A 200MW CFB Boiler designed by TPRI for Fenyi Power

Plant will be into operation in 2005
BMCR 670t/h
Design boiler thermal efficiency>88.5%
Design combustion efficiency>94.5% with Cfh<8%
BMLR=35% BMCR
Emission (o2=6%,dry gas :
SO2 400mg/mn3
NOx 250mg/mn3
Superheater steam temp: 540
Superheater steam pressure: 13.73MPa
Feed water temp:
249
Reheater steam flow: 584t/h
Reheater steam inlet temp: 312.12
Reheater steam outlet temp: 540

TPRI

Demonstration Project for

a 300MW CFB Boilers

A 300-MW CFBC demonstration project at Baima

Plant in Sichuan Province:
Project approved by Chinese government in
March 1999
Technology and equipment contract
negotiation completed in August 2002
Main buildings started construction in May
2003
A 1025-t/h CFBC boiler to be supplied by
Alstom
Commercial operation in 2005

TPRI

Concluding Remarks
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Chinas electric power generation will continue to be dominated

by coal-fired power generation within the next 30 to 50 years.

Development and application of clean, high efficiency, largecapacity, coal-fired power generation technology is a long-term
strategic task for China

In order to meet the increasing demand for Chinas electric

power development as well as to improve coal utilization
efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions from coal-fired power
plants, China has take effective measures to optimize the
thermal power structure through combination of technology and
equipment import to greatly develop domestic supercritical units
as well CFB boilers.

Mr. Zhao Zongrang is currently the director of the programme

management division of Thermal Power Research Institute (shortly
for TPRI) in PR China.
Mr. Zhao received his Bachelors degree majored in utility boiler
from Xian Jiaotong University in 1984 and obtained his Masters
degree majored in thermal power engineering from TPRI in 1987.
He has been worked at TPRI since 1987 and conducted
experimental studies and field tests on utility boilers for over 10 years. In recent years
he has been actively involved in the research programs management at TPRI,
especially in the filed of clean coal combustion technologies.
TPRI is a research organization and has been devoted to R&D activities of thermal
power generation technologies and related equipment since 1965. TPRI has played a
leading role in providing technical consultation services for thermal power plants and
is capable of providing technical solutions to improve fossil-fuel utilization efficiency
for power generation and to reduce pollutant emissions from thermal power plants for
environmental protection. Based on over 30 years of filed experience and extensive
expertise, TPRI has became as a technology center for promoting technology
dissemination and improving the overall efficiency, reliability and availability for
fossil-fired power plants.