20/21 Mar09

Different types of Steering Systems

& Examples

1
SRK

20/21 Mar09

DIFFERENT TYPES OF STEERING SYSTEM

Steering systems/mechanisms in use

STEERING

MANUAL

PREV

RACK & PINION

POWER

WORM & ROLLER

RECIRCULATING BALL & NUT

NEXT

HYDRAULIC

RACK & PINION

WORM & ROLLER

RECIRCULATING
BALL & NUT

HYDROSTATIC
( GEROTOR )

ELECTRICAL /
ELECTRO-HYD

RACK & PINION

COLUMN
DRIVEN EPS

PINION
DRIVEN EPS

RACK
DRIVEN EPS

2
SRK

20/21 Mar09

DIFFERENT TYPES OF STEERING SYSTEM

Steering systems/mechanisms in use

STEERING SYSTEM

STEERING RATIO

SL. NO

STEERING MECHANISMS IN USE

Electro-hyd

Electric

SCREW & NUT

CAM & LEVER

WORM & ROLLER

RECIRCULATING BALL SCREW & NUT

RACK & PINION

GEROTOR

MANUAL

POWER-ASSISSTED
Hydrau lic

CONST ANT VARIABLE

3
SRK

20/21 Mar09

MANUAL STEERING SYSTEMS

4
SRK

20/21 Mar09

Steering Systems

Typical Mechanical Steering Systems

( for on-road vehicles )

Cars / UVs

Trucks / Bus

UVs/LCVs

5
SRK

20/21 Mar09

POWER-ASSISSTED STEERING SYSTEMS

6
SRK

20/21 Mar09

Need for Power Steering

7
SRK

20/21 Mar09

NEED FOR POWER STEERING

The need to achieve the greatest possible road safety under :

PREV

NEXT

INCREASING TRAFFIC DENSITY

SRK

20/21 Mar09

NEED FOR POWER STEERING

The need to achieve the greatest possible road safety under :

PREV

NEXT

HIGH AXLE LOADS

SRK

20/21 Mar09

NEED FOR POWER STEERING

The need to achieve the greatest possible road safety under :

PREV

POOR ROAD CONDITIONS

10

SRK

20/21 Mar09

NEED FOR POWER STEERING

All of the above situations force the driver to

operate the vehicle at slow speeds ,increasing
steering effort causing FATIGUE TO DRIVERS.
Judgment of a fatigued driver will be poor.
PREV

Poor judgment in driving means increased

potential for accidents.

NEXT

LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT

OF POWER STEERING

11

SRK

20/21 Mar09

Benefits of Power Steering

12
SRK

20/21 Mar09

BENEFITS OF POWER STEERING

STEERING EFFORTS AT PARKING

15 mkg

3 mkg
2 mkg
1 mkg
HCV

CAR

HCV

MANUAL
STEERING

CAR

POWER
STEERING

EFFORTLESS STEERING

13

SRK

20/21 Mar09

BENEFITS OF POWER STEERING

LOCK TO LOCK MANUAL STEERING
TOTAL TURNS 6 TO 7
LOCK TO LOCK POWER STEERING
TOTAL TURNS 3 TO 4
OUTPUT ANGLE (DEG)

40
30

20

10

INPUT TURNS
LH TURN

RH TURN
SAP

PRECISE & QUICK RESPONSE

14

SRK

20/21 Mar09

BENEFITS OF POWER STEERING

Vehicle fitted with

Manual Steering

Vehicle fitted with

Power Steering

ABSORBS ROAD SHOCKS

15

SRK

20/21 Mar09

BENEFITS OF POWER STEERING

GREATER SAFETY AND

CONTROLLABILITY UNDER CRITICAL SITUATIONS
16
SRK

20/21 Mar09

HYDRAULIC POWER STEERING SYSTEMS

17
SRK

20/21 Mar09

Steering Systems

SYSTEM LAYOUT OF A TYPICAL POWER STEERING

Power Steering
Reservoir
Retur
n
Line
PREV

Suction
Line

NEXT

Power Steering
Pump

re
ssu
Pre ne
Li

Power Steering
FI Gear

18

SRK

20/21 Mar09

Typical Box-type Power Steering System for CVs

( Tie rod behind the axle )

Steering Column
Reservoir
Intermediate Shaft
Power Steering Pump

Tie Rod Tube

Integral Power Steering Gear

Pitman Arm

Tie Rod End

Draglink

Integral (Box type) Power Steering System

19
1

SRK

20/21 Mar09

Steering Systems

Typical Cylinder-type Power Steering System for CVs

( Tie rod behind the axle )

(Manual)

Cylinder type Power Steering System

20
SRK

10

20/21 Mar09

Steering Systems

Typical Box-type Power Steering System for UVs

( Tie rod behind the axle )

Integral (Box type) Power Steering System

21
SRK

20/21 Mar09

Steering Systems

Non-typical Cylinder-type Power Steering System for UVs

( Tie rod behind the axle )
(Manual)

Cylinder type Power Steering System

22
SRK

11

20/21 Mar09

Steering Systems

Typical R&P Power Steering System for Cars

( Tie rod ahead of the axle )
Steering Wheel
Rack &Pinion
Steering Gear

Steering Column
Tie Rods

Intermediate Shaft

Steering Lever

23
SRK

20/21 Mar09

Steering Systems

Typical R&P type Power Steering System for Cars / UVs

Integral Rack & Pinion type Power Steering System

24
SRK

12

20/21 Mar09

HYROSTATIC STEERING SYSTEMS

25
SRK

20/21 Mar09

Steering Systems

Typical Hydrostatic Steering System

(for off-road vehicles)

Farm Tractors / Earthmovers

26
SRK

13

20/21 Mar09

Need for Electro-Hydraulic / Electric

Power Steering Systems

27
SRK

Need for EHPS / EPS

20/21 Mar09

Fuel efficiency.
Emission control @ engine idle.
Control flexibility thro S/W change instead of H/W change.
Integration with other electronic controls on vehicle
e.g., ABS, TCS, ESP, etc.

28
SRK

14

20/21 Mar09

Energy Consumption of
Different Power Steering Systems
100%
100%

Energy Consumption

90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%

25%

30%
20%

15%

10%
0%

10%
HPS
belt-driven-pump

EPHS
two-speed

EPHS
multispeed

EPS

29
SRK

20/21 Mar09

Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering Systems

(EHPS)

30
SRK

15

20/21 Mar09

Steering Systems

Electro-hydraulic Power Steering System

Steering Gear

Motor-Pump-Unit

Feed & Return

Lines
31
SRK

20/21 Mar09

Steering Systems

Principle of EHPS Systems

Steering Maneuver

Vehicle Speed
Steering
Rate

Steering
Wheel

Feed Line
Steering
Valve
+

Return
Line

E-Motor

Pump

ECU
Control

Load

Rack &
Pinion

Cylinder

32
SRK

16

20/21 Mar09

Steering Systems

EHPS Benefits
Vehicle Performance / Safety
Steering Feel Tuning i.e. Vehicle and/or Driver Setting

Energy Saving
Reduced Fuel Consumption (1 to 3 % Reduction)
High System Efficiency
Flow on demand and according to Vehicle Speed ( speed-pro feel )
Low energy consumption, in idle less than 50 Watt
Engine independent operation (Engine Shut Off)
Future

Application Criteria

Interaction with other Chassis/Vehicle Control and Driver Assist Systems

Migration of EPHS-technology into EHS- and SBW-Applications
MPU-Utilization beyond Steering Applications (e.g. Active and Semi active
Chassis, Braking, Power Train (Automated Clutches and Transmissions)
33
SRK

20/21 Mar09

Steering Systems

EPHS Benefits (contd)

Cost & Quality

Component Assembly (HPS ) Module Assembly (EPHS)

Final Test in Car (HPS)
Pre-tested System (EPHS)
Engine Independence (vs. Belt-Drive-Pump@ HPS)
Fail-Safe Operation incl. Protection Measures
System Responsibility lies with one Supplier
Simplified Supply Chain
Lower Maintenance and Warranty Cost

Time to Market
Steering System Tuning Flexibility in Development Process
Similar Packaging to existing Steering
Variable Position of Motor-Pump-Unit

34
SRK

17

20/21 Mar09

Electric Power Steering Systems

35
SRK

20/21 Mar09

Steering Systems

EPS - Scheme

36
SRK

18

20/21 Mar09

Steering Systems

Electric Power Steering Systems

Electric Motor

Rack Drive

Electric Motor

Column Drive

Pinion Drive

37
SRK

20/21 Mar09

Steering Systems

Column Drive EPS

Motor / Reduction Gear/ ECU / Bracket - Assy

Manual R&P Stg Gear

38
SRK

19

20/21 Mar09

Steering Systems

Rack ( Belt ) Drive EPS

Motor & ECU

Belt drive

RCB- Nut

RCB- Screw

39
SRK

20/21 Mar09

END OF THE SESSION

40
SRK

20