44 Chuong IT duong théi da phdi doc bien am Thang — Tawa. Do khuon khé cia luan van, ching 0i khong di vao Tinh vuc nghién citu lich sir am ting Viet hoac ti¢ng Han Viet, chi ghi nhan tu li¢u lién quan dé tim hiéu phai chang ten hug cia Thugng hoang Trén Thita, néu khong kiéng huy thi doc phai 1a Trén Thang. Hien tugng bi¢n am do kiéng huy déi Tran khong phai chi 14 truéng hop ca biet, bai vi ngoai Thdng —> Tha, ching ta con thay co Nguyét > Ngoat, Nam — Nom, Kién — Can v.v. déu lien quan dén cdc chtt huy va am huy adi Tran. Tuy vay, van dé bien am Thdng — Thia c6 thé con lien quan dén mot I¥ do khac nita, nhu tién 1¢ da cé trong ti€ng Viet: mot s6 truéng hop rung phu am cu6i ng [n], sau d6 a > wa nhw ¥ kien cila Gifo su Nguyén Tai Cdn da goi ¥ cho ching toi. Ching toi da thay tren van ban mot vai 1¢ chimg kieng hug chinh ty chit Thita 7K va déng am ciia n6 (AK va FR) : - Kiéng huy bé tr6ng chit : Bai ké cia thién su Tinh Luc trong ban in Thién uyén tap anh c6 cau: EAECSEM AGE Tu thi C] tien huy bat tong (Q.Thugng, 16 30b). Thay cho 1 chit cia nguyen van bai ké, & vi tri 6 trong ghi mot cha thich: “AH” (Thai TS huy). Theo le kieng huy, chit khong viet ra 6 vi wi 01 46 duge hidu 18 chit “thira 7". Va cu ke dé, doc dit cho [a: BALK SEMMANGE Tu thi thita tien huy bat tong (Tir d6 ching nghe Idi cha day)!. - Déi chit: ten ngudi di sirsang nha Tong nam Thién Thuan thé 5 (1132), Dai Viét sit luge chép 1A Nguyén Phung An [it 4 38 (Q.3-2a), Todn thu khoi phuc ding ho tén that cia vj sé thin nay 18 Ly Thita An 227K (BK3-37a). Ching ta thy soan gid Dai Vier sit luge da xit ly kieng huy bing cach d6i chép ho Ly 3% — ho Nguyén bt, va thay chit Thita 7K—Phung # ( phung 3 va thia 7K c6 bo phan déng nghia). - Kieng hug déng am chit Thwa 2K : D6i tén chitc quan Ngu sit Trung thira lam Ngu sit Trung tan: Nam 1299 Ly Anh Tong lay Doan Nhit Hai lam Neu sit trung tén EP EL. Theo Todn thu, tir doi Le Ngoa triéu (1006-1009) vé sau tén goi quan chitc nuéc ta dai thé dya theo quan che d6i Tong (BKI-27b). Chic quan nay, nha Tong goi 1a Ngu sit trung thira 452 PAK. Nha Tran phéng theo quan chitc ché'nha Tong, nhung vi kieng | Thién su Tinh Lye i J) Mifai tise Ngo Tram (1112-1175) thi nhé theo Nho hoe, cd tai van nghé, sau gap thién su Dao Hué 6 nisi Tien Du r6i phat nguyén xuat gia tu hanh dao Phal. Bai k¢ cia thién sie noi: “Tir d6 ching nghe Idi cha day” la c6 ¥ n6i bd Nho theo Phat.Nghién citu chit huy dViét Nam qua cdc wiéu dai 45 huy déng am chit Thira 2K, nén 46i chi, goi 14 Ngu sit trung tan (thay thaw 1K —> tan #%, cd hai chir déu c6 nghia 1a gidp, chi cp phd). Le Quy Don ciing tig viet: “Tridu Trén kiéng cht Thita, nén d6i lam chit Tan”! - Kieng huy déng am chit Thua FR, theo hai cach: [1]. Viet bot nét mac cusi chit: FH > FE = [RURLB AGS MLA Déng Iuu phu bach, thita himg nhap Nam/ Xuoi thuyén theo dong, nhan cam hing di vao nuéc Nam (Théng Thanh qudn chung ky iG 29BGEC, N’4997, anh 3). Cho Nam 6 cudi cau nay ciing ld mot chit viel kieng huy, sé ndi dén & dudi. [2]. Viel bét nét c6 danh dau bang vong tron nhé Fe > FE Bai ky khdc 6 vach da Dai Bi chia Stng Nghiém nai Van Ldi do Pham Su Manh Yili soan nam Thigd Khdnh thir 3 (1372) dai Tran Nghé Tong (Sing Nghiém te Van Léi son Dai Bi nham HLM KAS, N"20965) c6 cic cau: = Fg We $2 FX Thita u khOng tich / Cudi cdi khong, ngu cdi ling. = Ht 77 Thita himg du phuong / Nhan cdm himg di du ngoan nhiéu noi (anh 6). 3- Ten huy cdc hoang hau ‘Theo cdc diéu lenh kieng huy ciia triéu Trén ghi trong Todn thu (da din tren), ching ta 6 chit Noi huy: Phong Jf, Digu 4%, Oanh 4, Ham fk, Nguy $4, Chau 3k. Phoi kiém tu figu qua cdc lin ton phong my higu cho c&c hoang hau, ching ta c6 thé xc dinh duoc mot sé trudng hop sau day: [1] Oanh 4 Ten huy cia ba Hién Tir hoang hau HARES ho Ly (Ly Thi Oanh 7ELCAB), con gai truéng cla Ly Hué Tong, higu Thuan Thien cong chia WIAZS E. Ba truée 18 vg cia Hoai vuong (1G¢ An Sinh vuong) Trén Liéu, sau la hoang hau cua Tran Thai Tong. me dé ca Trin Thanh Tong. {2] Ham ik Ten huy coa Nguyen Thanh hoang hau C4 4! [a ho Trdn (Trdn Thi Ham BALGi4). con gai thér 5 cita An Sinh Vuong Tran Liéu, duge lap lam hoang hau cia Trén Thanh Tong, higu Thién Cam hoang hau. Ba la me dé ciia Trin | Le Quy Don, Kiet vai tidus lye, bin dich, Ha Noi. Nxb, KHXH, 1962, 17.130046 Ciuong I Nhan Tong. ba nOi cua Trin Anh Tong. Ba con c6 tén 1a Thiéu Al (Toan thie, BKS-24b), nhung chit ay khong thay ghi trong bang ké chit huy, cd kha nang van ban Todn thw chép nhdm Ham i / Thiéu if. vi hai chir nay ty dang kha gidng nhau. [3] Dieu Ws Ten huy cia Thuan Ti hoang hau WIZE4II5 ho Le (Le Thi Dieu HEC), me cia Trin Thii Tong. Ban in TUTA, 6 truyén cd cau: BERN Le ERSE Nham ma tite ty luu thuy hoach digu ly” (Quyén Thuong, 12 a). Chit Digu chinh ty thong thudng déu viet >. O day van ban ding ¥ la chit di thé cia ¥b, cing c6 thé coi li mot bién phdp dé thé hi¢n kiéng huy chit Diu. {4] Phong #4 Toan thir ghi 14 ten hug cia Thanh Tir hoang hau 942841 JS. Nhung soat ky nguyén van (BK5 va BK6), tir thoi Trin Anh Tong tro vé truéc khong thay ba hoang hdu nao cia vua Trin c6 hiu 14 Thanh Tit. Trong cdc sach chép thé pha ho Tran c6 cuén Trdn gia ngoc phd BRK Et (4.2046) chép thuong hoang (Tran Thita) cé phu nhan la ba Lé Thi Phong ALC # (18 6a). Nhung cu6n nay thudc loai sich pha hé nha Tran do ngu6i ddi sau bién soan (Trong sach c6 nhitng chit Thi lf viet kieng huy 0%: Trin Thi Vinh, Trén Thi Tam (t6 34a), lai pham nhiéu sai lim thd bao!. Dé gidi thich chit Phong #4 ma Todn thi 4 ghi 1 ten huy cia Thanh Ti hoing hau, ngudi lam sich Trdn gia ngoc phd thy phn diu ky nha Trin chép viée Trén Liéu git chite “Tri Thanh Tir cung”, suy ra vg cila thugng hodng Trin Thua (Gcung Thanh Ti) thi cting c6 hi¢u 1A Thanh Tir hodng hau. Su thuc khong ring 6 d6i Thai Tong, céc vua déu déi Trén déu goi noi 6 cua thurgng hoang 1a cung Thanh Tir. Boi hai 1 tren, c6 thé xc dinh Thanh Tie khong phii 1a higu cia thugng hong Trin Thita?, Nhu vay, 4 chit noi huy ¢ enh kiéng huy nam 1294 dén day da xdc dinh duge 3 chit, con 1 chit Phong ¥ cin xac inh tiép. yen Tir qude miu. phy alvin eva Trin Quoc Tu ft hy LY (hain vai bi Hieh Tin. fai 6 ra khong biei vide Quée Tusin lay €O rug fa trun ‘Thanh ma Toxin dur (BKS. 176) va Cramy mute (CBO, 34b) déu 2 Liaw teusen tec gia Vege Nam ghi: “Trin Tong ti con ci $31 e8 the soan gk cding bj nhim do tham khsio te ligu i bin Train gia nyo phi ny.Nghién cite chi? hity Viét Nam qua cde triéu dai 47 Di voi Anh Tong ma néi, trong 3 chit da néu trén chva c6 tén me va ten vg. Nhung lic ban bé lénh nay, Anh tong chua lap hoang hau. Phai 15 nim sau, khi hoang tit Oanh duge lap Jam Thai tt (1309), thi me dé méi dugc ton phong lam Thuan Thanh hong hau. Nhu vay chi cdn 1 chi Phong J dé (ng v6i ten huy cia me vua Trin Anh Tong. Xét thir tu sip xép truéc sau, Gdong quéc huy, tiép sau ngy danh cila vua duong triéu (Anh Tong Thuyén), dén ngy danh cila cha (Nhan Tong Khdm, lic nay con tai the), miéu huy cia ong noi (Thanh Tong Hodng), v.v., mdi chit cach déu xa len mot adi. Ching ta cing thay su tuong ing 6 6 dong ghi Noi huy: truéc het la ten me (Phong), réi dén ten ba noi (Thien Cim hoang thai hau Ham), xalén ba c6 ndi (Hién Ti hoang théi hau Odnh), ba ky noi (Quéc Thanh hoang thai hau, - nam 1230 duge ton phong la Thuan Tit hodng thai hau) v.v. Nhé nhiing ching cét ke trén, ching ta c6 thé xéc dinh: chit Phong 4 1a tén huy cia Thuan Tir hoang thai hau Dieu (?-1230), ttc Kham Tir Bio Thanh hoang thai hau, con gai truéng cilia Hung Dao Vuong Trin Quéc Tus, hoang hau cia vua Trdn Nhan Tong. Qua khdo sat ten hug cia ba Kham Tir nhu da néu trén, ching ta cé thé nhan thay ban in Todn tue (ké cd bin Chinh Hoa) d& khic in nhdm Kham Tir Sk2K thanh Thanh Tu 2K, 4- Kiéng huy cia ho ngoai © lenh nam 1299 (4a ké tren), sau Khi ghi céc chit huy Ligw til, Nguyét Flv.v., Todn thu nhan xét them: “Nha Trén kiéng huy ho ngoai bit dau tit 66” (BK6- 5b). Do cé quan he hon nhan ndi tdc, cho nén ho ngoai cita céc vua Tran ti Thanh Tong den Anh Tong trong thuc té cing chinh 1a ho noi. Xin xem: luge 46 kieng huy ho ngoai d4u doi Tran, Nhung nhing ngudi cé ten duge kieng huy khong phai xét theo thir bac cha bac (trong ho ndi) ciia vua, ma vi ho 14 b6 me vg ciia vua. Bén ho ngoai 46, An Sinh vuong Tran Ligu 24E BAG) va phu nhan [a Thien Dao quéc mau huy Nguyét 234 BEE REAL 1a hai vi t6 & the thé cao nhat. Sy hiém khich giva Trin Liéu vA Thai Tong (do su viéc vé ba cong chia Thuan Thien) 44 dugc gidi hod phan ndo khi hai ngudi con sOng. Sau do, voi cong lao to I6n va léng trung thanh cia Hung Dao vuong Quoc Tuan déi voi TS quéc va vuong triéu nha Trén, danh vong cla chi ho An Sinh cang tr nén néi bat. Vi vay hai chif Liéu #1 va Nguyét A duge xép vao hang trong huy, ghi thanh mot khodn riéng trong Iénh nam 1299, quy dinh khi “lam van khong duge ding”.48 Chung tt Higu chat ché + Ast P|} lam van bat dic dung / lim van khong duge dung™ nghia 1a khi viet van phai d61 ding chit khdc hoae phai dé trong 6 chit. UI] Nguyet i] Nguyer FJ 1a chit thuéng dung, cd kha nang xuat hién nhiéu trong van tha, gidy 16 56 sich ghi chép hing ngay. cho nén hién nay ching ta chua hieu rd néu khong ding chi nguyét JJ thi phai thay bing chit gi. Cang 6 thé lic du quy dinh nhu vay. sau dé 4 c6 diéu chinh cho phi hgp thyc 1& sti dung ma Todn th khong chép dugc. Chir Nguyet }Jc6 hidu lye gén sudt thé’ ky XIV, déin ndm 1395 méi c6 lenh bo cam tciing voi chit Num). Qua khdo sat cdc bi ky c6 nin dai trong Khoang thoi gian lénh kiéng huy chit Mgaver JJ co higu luc (1299-1397), ching toi da tim thay mot s6 chir Nguyét }) viet kigng huy bot nét theo 4 kiéu nher satu: + Bat 1 nét ngung trong long chit (chi con mot gach ngang. hodc gach lech): J] > H hoac Al » PMU ELL HLA JIT Trang Hung nga nién Ky Siu ngd nguyét so citu nhat. ZA at hoi tir nguvet. Tum bdo dién bi, Chia Dai Bi, x Hudng dao huygn Van Lam, dung nim Khai Thai 4 [1327] gi Tran Minh Tong), N°5310. + CO 2 nét ngang nhung khong dong khit. JJ > 4: = gtk T1212 Tue thir Nham ngo nién ngd nguyet (Sing Thién ue \bil 2: X $F (Pit). XA Thi Dite huyén Gia Loc |nay h. Tir Loc, Hai Hung]. dung nam Khai Huu 3 [1331] déi Trin Hién Tong). N°S114. + Cat mot nét bén than chit (trai hode phiii) :))—> Jt. FI = (iF IKNEtMRAE Tai Thanh Hod phd Neguyét Nga hang (Sing Thien ue (bil (anh 4), N°5114, © WULF] Tu ky ky nhat nguyet, (Sing Nghiém ne Van Léi son Dai Bi nham, Pham Su Manh soan, Thieu Khanh 3 [1372] doi Trdn Nghé Tong. N°20965, da dan) + Cat mot uét ngang qua than chi }J—> Ji: UL [LAK JLT Thigu Phong ky stu thu citu pguyét. (Bia khong tén khdc da nim Thiéu Phong Ky sttu [1349] déi Trdén Du Tong. dung ¢ chia Non Nuéc [Thuy Son tu], bia hign con 6 vi tri co gdn nij Non Nuéc, - Thi x4 Ninh Binh). Bia Vitn NC Hin Nom mdi stu tim nam 1994; N°29114,Neghién citu chit huy ¢ Viét Nam qua cdc triéu dai 49 | Y+ CAT ALE A Thieu Phong thap that nién Dinh dau chinh nguyét. (Bia chia Phac Hung x4 Chinh Dén huyén Gia Vién [thugc tinh Ninh Binh nay}, dung nim Thiéu Phong 17 [1357] doi Tran Du Tong), N"19162. Mot hién tugng cing dang duge luu y la chit Nguver }Jduoc kieng huy kha rong rai cd vé mat ngit 4m: Do kiéng huy ma Nguyet di duge doc (va n6i) chéch thinh Ngogr. Cho dén tan ngay nay, nhiéu dia phuong 6 ca 3 mién nuéc ta vin quen n6i giéng lia cho vy git vio thing Tam 1a “laa Bat ngogr”; gidng IGa thu hoach sau 3 thang Id “Ida Ba ging (tring)” hode “Ida Tam ngogt”. T6 khai sdc thdn lang Long Phuéc huyén Vinh Binh tinh Vinh Long (cf) viét bang chi quéc ngi khoding nam 1938. phien 4m dong nién hi¢u ¢ t@ thin sdc 1a: “Ty Dire nga nién thap nhét ngoat™ (Thu vién KHXH: Q. 4°18/35. ban khai sé 68) vv. [2] Kién #¢ Chit thir 2 trong tén tuée cia Phung Kién vuong Trin Ligu 484% £ BRA (tuéc higu ci duge ban tir khi con lim quan duéi trigu nha LY; Toan thie, BK 5-10a). Kién 4%, Qudng van phien 32.5549] (cir yen thiet), cho am Kién. Vé vin ban, trong ban in Thién uyén tdp anh c6 2 chd néi dén mot ngudi doi Ly tring tén tuéc vi Trén Liéu: D6 la Phung Kién vuong Ly Nhat Trung, ~con vua Ly Thai Tong, G truyén Hue Sinh, soan gid TUTA viet: “Thai bay gid cic vutong cong nhu Phung Kién thién vuong 434#L% E, Uy Va, Hi Tir v.v. déu dén hoc dao, giép su [Hue Sinh] lam 18"! (1 58b). O truyén Digu Nhan ni su Ly Ngoc Kiéu, soan gia cho biét ba la trudng nit cua Phung Kién then vuong ##L% E (to 66b). Ca hai chit Kin ", déu duge thay bing HL. Cha #L, Khang Hi din cha am cia Quang van: “HS BY) u hige thiet”, cho ta 4m Yet. Nhung 4m nay khong ding véi tén nhan vat Phung Kién vurong Ly Nhat Trung da duge ghi trong quéc su (Todn thw, BK2, 23b; 25a). Mac dau chiing toi thien vé kha ning thé hai, nhung tam thai chua xac quyét ben nao trong 2 kha nang: (a) Hodc ngudi ta khong quan tam am doc cla chit #1, hoae (b) Mudn mugn nd, - mot am tic thanh hdu2, - ta0 ra mot ngde " Ghir“thitn trong ten we Phung Kién thign vuong c6 thé’ Id chép thita, hose do cha “dai vuong K £" ma chép nhém thanh “thién vurong & 2 Trong ting Hin Viet c6 nhimg ting nhu am. anh. dp. dc. yet v.v... ducing nh chi bao gém mot van vi khong c6 phy am diu. Thue ra, nhimg 4m dé vin cd phu am diu 13 mot am vie thanh hdu ma giéi Han nga hoc goi la Phy Am Zéro, trong ky higu chit yude ngit ngay nay phy am nay khong due thé hién t 12 vidi. Xin xem: Nguyén Can, Newin gor vi qué trinh hint thdnh edch doe Han Vigt, Ha Noi, Nxb, KHXH, 1979, 11.220,50 Chuang Hl ngi trong cé hong dé thé hién 4m kiéng hug. Vé chit viet, ding #1 dé thay 4% 1a mot céch viet kieng huy kha khé xép loai. Kién #2 c6 mot di thé viet 4iL!. Neu dang chit 46 dé viet cha Kién 4% can kieng hu thi 46 1A cach ding dj thé dé kieng hug, nhu truéng hgp ding Diu 2% thay Dieu #b (ciing trong TUTA, da dn). Nhung 6 day 1a chit #, chir khong phai #L, - ngudi viet tao ra mot bién dang cia dj thé, ché khong phai chinh chit dj thé. Chang ta sé gap lai cach viét nay, - trong chuong Ill, khi n6i vé mot ban in d3i Le so ding #4) (mot bien dang cia Loi FJ) dé viet kieng huy cho Loi Fil. Vé dia danh: * Kién Hai {Ziff (1c Cita Can) 1a ten cita bién & huyén Quynh Luu tinh Nghé An ngay d6i Tran, do kieng huy chit Kién, nam 1299, déi goi la Can Hai (Todin thu, BK6-30a). = Nai Kién Ni SZ/EIII 6 xa Phu Ly huyen Dong Son, tinh Thanh Hoa, trén ni c6 chia Huong Nghiém, - nay con tim bia Kién Ni son Huong Nghiém vg bi mink WEEN EERE AGE dung nam 1124 dai Ly Nhan Tong (N'20957). Thién uyén tdp anh chép thién su Phap Dung tru tri chda Huong Nghiem nai Ma Ni PRIGII! (to 63a). Gifo su Hoang Xuan Hin da xac dinh d6 chinh la nGi Kién Ni ddi Ly, den doi Trin vi kieng huy nén soan gia TUTA déi chép 18 Ma Ni 2, © Bia chita Sing Nghiém nii Van Ldi (44 din) ciing ghi 1a ten ndi Kién Ni BE FE 11 1a Ma Ni FRIZIII (N°20957). [3] Tudn Ten hug cita Hung Dao vuong Trén Quéc Tusn BL + BRIE 2: Vuong 1a cha vg cua Trén Nhan Tong, va 1 Ong ndi ciia Thuan Thanh hoang hau (vo Trin Anh Tong). | Khang Hi, w.84 (Bic Kinh, 1992); Trung van dai ut didn, T.4, 1.537. 2 Xem: Hoing Xuan Hin, L¥ Thucnny Kiet, tr.Nghién citu chit hiiy Viét Nam qua cde triéu dai SI (4) Anh 3& Ten hug cia cong chéa Thien Thanh AMA (Trin Thi Anh PRESS) con gai cilia Thugng hoang Trén Thira, phu nhan ctia Hung Dao vuong Tran Quéc Tuan. Duéi thoi Anh Tong ba duge truy ton my hi¢u Nguyen Tir quéc mau FCB EE. Trong lenh kieng huy nim 1299 ten ba la Anh 3& xép sau chi Tun 4 (1en chéng) va trudc chit Tang #/ (ten con). Cudn Duge son ky tich todn bién (A.709, in van g6 nim Thanh Thai Ky hoi, 1899) tuy thudc loai s4ch thé cing Dic Thanh Tran, nhung c6 phén hanh trang Hung Dao Vuong bien soan tuong déi tét, cling ghi “Nguyén Tir qu6éc mu huy thugng tong thdo ha tong uong (=Anh) CMM BME ++ F GER GE)” (16 3b). Co digu 1a sach Ay ghi chit Anh theo kiéu “thugng téng thao, ha tong uong Gt + TF GES2(%)” thi hiin 46 1a cdch ghi ciia ngudi lam s4ch déi Nguyén, chit khong phai mau chit huy déi Trdn. Miu chit Anh 3& kieng hu doi Tran cé thé ké 2 cér ligu sau day: - Bia thip Vien Thong chia Thanh Mai 6 x4 Hoang Hoa Tham h. Chi Linh t, Hai Hung, dmg nam Dai Tri thir 5 (1362) déi Du Tong!: tren ban dap rieng cia Giéo su Ha Van Tan mat truéc kha m6, mat thé 2 13 hon, c6 2 chit Anh 3& khdc kiéng huy theo dang thu ngén nét ngang gifta than chit khong dé théi ra hai ddu: 2 — %. - Ban Tring thuyén TUTA phong khdc theo nguyén ban ddi Trin c6 2 chit Anh viet kiéng hay: 3% > ¥% ; = EAS RES ISEF Si him anh hing khod dic Y / Ké si c6 bac anh hing vugt qua ca Y Doan (t& 28b). = 23509) 8 55 LF Ly triéu Anh tong hoang dé ( t6 32a). * ZERARIRIREN LY Anh tong van phong mo dao / Ly Anh Tong nghe danh m6 dao (t6 32b). Cén mot s6 cht Anh 6 cic t khac cing cb thé ké 1a viet kieng hug, nhung vi bot nét trong than chit nén thuéng thé hién khong duge 16. G cac thu tich bi ky ddi Trdn khac c6 thé cfing cé tinh trang tuong tw, néu quan sat so sinh kj thi va c6 thé nhan ra dugc dang kiéng huf bét nét cia chit Anh 38, | Tang BS Hoanh, Sia dm, bio ve va khai thde nyudn we ligu vain bin Hn Nom & Hi Hung, Nghitn citu Han Nom sl, 1984, tr.4552 Chuong IT (5] Tang ai Ten huy ciia Hung Nhuong vuong Trén Quéc Tang Sl UE BREGSI, con tha 3 cla Hung Dao vuong, c6 con gai la vg cia Anh Tong, duge phong 14 Thinh Tu phu nhan BUACA, sau lap lam Thuan Thanh hoang hau NH a. [6] Nam ff Hien chua biét rd ngudi 6 ten huy Nar fj 1a ai, nhung da tim dugc mot 86 cit ligu vé chit Nam viét kieng hug déi Tran : = ChuOng quén Thong Thanh 6 Bach Hac da dan tren, trong cau: “TURE AA, FE MLA Déng luu phy bach, thira hing nhap Nam”, ngoai chit Thira bét nét, chit Nam ciing 1a chit kieng huy. C6 thé thay 'S chit Nam khdc bét mot nét sé ngiin trong long chit: Wi > A (N"4997, xem Phu luc I, anh 3) = Bia chia Sing Nghiém ni Van Léi da din cé cau: “Ft © Ri (Ky nam 4p trudng giang/phia nam c6 song dai bao quanh...). Phén bén trong ciia cht Nam duge viet tua nhu chit “ngo TF”, tic 1 cd ¥ bot mot nét phay ngéin o tren: Tf] > AAT (IN“20965). * Bac thém chiia Bao An thon Trung x4 Duong Quang huyén Gia Lam ngoai thinh Ha Noi: tai day nhém suu tém van bia Phong Van ban hoc Vien Han Nom lay dugc ban dap mot manh gach cé chit Nam kieng huy: 14§ > 7H Qua chudng dio duoc 6 x4 Cam Thinh, h. Cém Xuyen. t. Ha Tinh nam 1990 khdc bai tho vo dé ciia Pham Su Manh d6i Tran, tuy khong dé nién higu nhung xem nét chit cé thé nhan ra thi bit cua tac gid nhu da thay & bai Hanh dich ding gia son 742 4£Rl | khdc vach hang ndi Kinh Chi, h. Higp Son, nay h. Kim Mon, t. Hai Hung (N"4096) hode bai Dang Duc Thuy son har dé £844.11 Bl d noi Duc Thus t. Ninh Binh ( N°M.36). Trén ban dap chuong thay 16 2 chit Nam viet kiéng huy theo dang: [¥] —> Fy (anh7): = Be BE 11 AC if 3 Nam vong Hoanh son dai hai doan / Nhin vé phia nam, ndi Hoanh Son chin ngang gitta bién Ién. » BiG SF AEM Didu diéu van ly Nam chinh Io / Duéng Nam chinh quanh co van dam. (7) To ak Hien chua biét ro ngudi c6 ten huy 76 WF 1a ai, nhung chong 10i da tima Nghién cite chit hus d Viet Nam que edie triéu dai 3. thay miu chit To viet kieng huy khdc o be the Phat Tam Thé chia x3 Ngoc Dinh téng Thuy Cam huyén Tir Li¢m (nay thuge ngowi thinh Ha Noi). Nhung dong chit tren bé thé nay khde nam Long Khanh this 3 (1375) der Tran Dué Tong (Ban dap tu Vien Han Nom: N°9S82) ghi ho tén mot tin cha 13 To Nehia ty Tha Phan cu si MAE PAN 1: ven cha To viet kiéng huy 9% — A cinh 5): bot mot nét cudi, thay bing mot vong tron nho © nhu cach viet chi Thira J§ da din 6 ten. 5- M6t s6 chit huy kiéng 4m trong pham vi hep Trong 16i binh vé chinh su dui thoi Minh Tong. Ngo Si Lién cho biét: “Minh Tong co mot quyén 96 nha bien nhig chi huy khong duve ndi den, trav cho cae hoang te va cung nan... Pham ké than ha ngudi nde cdng tn (vari than thude nha vua) tat déi cho tén khae, nu nguéti tén 1 Do 2 ddi kam Sue Man (ili vi cing tén voi Thuong phu [Trin Tha Do PSY PE]. ten 1a Tung j'} thi d6i lim Thie Cao Jui, vi la cling tén vai Hung Ninh Vuong, Hb 12 [Trin Tung ASHI! con truimg etia An Sinh vuong?” (Todn tue. BK6- 32b). Theo Idi cia Ngo Si Lien, ching ta dugc biét dui thoi Minh Tong va co thé cd thei Anh Tong nia, co mot s6 chit huy hep trong tong that nha Trin vi cic quan tai triéu. Tuy nhién, qua cach ghi cla Todn tus thi cé thé biét nhiing chit 46 chi kiéng 4m, khong dugc ding dé dat ten nguéi. néu gap truéng hop tring tén tir truée thi vua cho déi chit khic, con chi viet thi khong cam. C. Nhan xét chung Qua khao sat van ban ce bia déi Ly (8/11 thac bin bia déi Ly hign co & Vien Han Nom) ching ta c6 co so dé ket luan : tir triéu LY wo vé truée 6 nuéc ta chua cé quy dinh viet kiéng huy. Cac dinh le kiéng hug chit viet bat dau c6 tir théi Trdn. Tir déi Thai Tong dén Nhan Tong chi kiéng hug tén vua va thuong hodng ban triéu. cic doi bac trén thi truy gia dén Nguyén t6 Trin Ly. Dén doi Trin Anh Tong ban ' Trin Tung: tite Tug Trung thugng si (1230-1291) con trading cia An Sinh vuong Trén Lidu, anh ci eda Hung Dyo vuong Trin Quéc Tudn vi Thiga Cim hong haw (vy Trén Thanh Tong. me Trin Nhan Tong). 2 Cau nay nguyen van trong Toda sie (BK6-32b) cho nhdm fi “An Ninh vitung trudng tt da “GONE BE £ UL" (con trudng ciia An Ninh vung). Cdn siza ii An Sinh vuong [Trin Liéul.54 Chuong Il bo them chit hug cla cdc hodng hau va cha me cila hodng hau. DS 1a Ie kiéng huy hg ngoai (cha me ciia hoang hau) chi riéng c6 6 dai Trin. Qua khao sat cc bi ky di Trén con lai, c6 thé thay dinh Ie kieng huy dai Trén 44 dugc tuan thd rong khdp ca ’nhimg noi xa kinh ky (ahu quan ‘Thong Thanh 6 Bach Hac, chia Phic Hung 6 Gia Vién, chia Thanh Mai & Chi Linh v.v.). Vé ngit am ciing cé nhiing cch doc chéch chinh am dé kieng hu, mot sé tritong hgp bien am kieng huy a6 vin git Iai dén ngay nay (nhu Nguyét + Ngoar, Nam —> Ném, Kién - Can v.v.) Cc vua Trén hdu het déu chon dat tén bing nhimg chit rét it khi c6 thé 4p trong cdc van ban thong thudng (Canh 9£: anh sing mat trdi, Hoang 42: 4nh sang ruc; Kham 8 : sang 15; Thuyen #$: nh lita v.v.). Tham chi c6 nhiing chit nhu chit Suy # do ANCL ghi, thi ngay cd ty dién Ngoc thién (din trong Khang Hy) cing ghi 1a “khong 16 nghia gi”. Hoac nhu tén huy Trin Thiéu dé ding chit 3 (tren chit An $ du6i chit Hod 2k) ma ching ta tam doc 4m 1a An, thyc chua 16 dich xic am gi. Soan gid Cuong muc phai chi rang: “Tra trong Tw dién (chi Khang Hy ty dién| khap cfc phan Bj khdo, Bo di déu khong thay cé chit nay, chua rd 4m doc thé ndo” (CBI 1, t& 32a) ! Nhung, nhu vay that ra lai thuan tign cho nguéi duong thdi : tuy 18 chit cin kieng huy, nhung hdu nhu khong miy khi phai ding dn, Cing vi If do 46, tong tinh hinh cac van ban thu tich, bi ky 46 Trén con Jai rit it, xAc suat tim thay chit ten huy cila cdc vua nha Trén 1a rat thép. Tuy vay, nhiing ch nhu Ly 7% (d6i thanh Nguyén fit), Thira 7K (bé trong, doi ding chit khic), viet king ca cc chi déng am (#4, F€, 2K), cing voi nhing chit huy ho ngoai cita céc vua Tran nhu: Liéu #f, Kién #% , Nguyet J). Tuein (%. Anh 38, To #E, Nam Tf v.v., | nhing chit thude lp tir thuong ding, cé nhiéu co hoi xudt hign tren cAc thu tich, bi ky. Néu nhing chit d6 viet bot nét (nhu Nguyet ft, Nam #3, AT v.v.) hodc bét nér them vong tron nho (nhu Thita J, To ($F) thi d6 1a dac diém rat rieng biet va dang tin cty dé xc dinh nien dai déi Trin cia vin ban. Cé truéng hop khong hin [2 bot nét, ma thé hien cfch viet khéc véi cdc chit binh thudng (nhu: Nguyét 4]; Anh ©, 4 ), hodc chon chit dj thé dé thé hien kieng huy nhu Digu kb — &b : Dé ciing la dc diém nhan dign van ban dai Tran. Qua Khao sit dinh l¢ kiéng huy va chit huy déi Trin, c6 thé di den nhan xét: doi Trin chua c6 kiéu viet chit huy bing céch them bd 4 nét gay “* hay 3 nét gay « (thuéng thy tir déi Le vé sau). Dé cling la dic diém cé thé tham khéo nhu mot tieu chi dé x4c dinh mot van ban thudc hay khong thudc nién dai 46i Trin,Nghién citu chit hu d Vigt nam qua c&c dot 55 LUQC DO KIENG HUY HO NGOAI DAU DOI TRAN Thien Thanh : STréng cgchta iHt Lé kiéng huy va chit huy triéu Lé so - Mac A. Triéu Lé so 1- Cac lénh kiéng huy triéu Lé so Sau khang chién chéng Minh théng Igi, ngay 15 thang 4 nim Mau than (29.5.1428), Lé Loi len ngoi hoang dé, lay nam 4y lam nién hiéu Thuan ‘Thien thir nhat. Ngay 20 cing thang (5.6.1428), triéu dinh ban bé6 lénh kieng hug d4u ti¢n cia nha L&. Trai qua 10 ddi vua, cho den khi bj nha Mac doat ngOi, triéu-Lé so di 10 lén ban bé lénh kiéng huy: thudc doi Lé Thai T6 2 lan, doi Le Thai Tong 1, L¢ Nhan Tong 1, Thanh Tong 4, Hién Tong 1, Chieu Tong 1. (1] Ngay 20 thang 4 nam Thuan Thien thir 1 (5.6.1428) déi Le Thai T6: ban b6 céc chit miéu huy va ngy danh. Pham chinh tu ciia cac chit huy khi lam van déu khong duoc ding. Néu déng am ma khac chit thi khong phai kiéng huy: — Miu huy: Dink YJ, Qudch EB, Khodng Wh , Thuong # ' —Ngy danh: tén ciia vua : Loi Fil, ten cua hoang hau (vo vua): Trdn BR, ten anh cé cila vua : Hoc 8! (Todn thu, BK10-58a) {2] Ngay 11 thang 10 nam Thuan Thien thir 1 (17-11-1428) : Xudng l¢nh thoi king hug ch Nguyén Bt (Todn thu, BK10-61b). Chit Nguyén Bt duge quy dinh ding dé thay chit Ly theo lénh kiéng huy nam 1226 ddi Trén Thai Tong, dén day chinh thisc bai bd. {3] Thang 2 nam Thiéu Binh 2 (3-1435) déi Le Thai Tong: ban ten huy cia quéc triéu. Pham gap chit chinh cla miéu huy, ngy danh khi viet khong duge ding; ai c6 ho tén trong véi chit huy thi phai d6i. Nhu Cung Tir quéc thai miu huy Trén BR thi cho d6i [Tran] thanh Trinh #2 (BK1 !-23b, 24a) ' Neuyen van Todi chs chép Mt TL” Miu huy ngi (Migu hug 5 chi), nhung tiép sau chi ghi 4 ch Dinh, Quich, Khoing, Thuong nhu di ke tren, Cén 3 chit: Loi, Trén, Hoc thi ‘gop chung vio ngy danh. Chura 13 & day cé sai s6t trong khau bien soan (dém thiza chi), hode do vite khdc in.58 Chuong It [4] Ngay 16 thang Ba nam Thai Hoa thér 1 (15.4.1443) déi Le Nhan Tong: ban bé 2 chit hug: ten cha vua la Co #&, ten huy cia Hoang thai hau 1 Anh % cing miu hug gém 7 chit (BK11-24ab). Khong ke 16 7 chit 1a nhiing chit nao, 6 dudi sé khao ti€p. [5] Thang 8 nam Quang Thuan thir | (9-1460) doi Le Thanh Tong: xuéng lenh yét bang: ngudi ndo nguyén ho Tran BR thi phai kieng huy 46i lam ho Trinh # (BK12-4b). [6] Thang Gieng nim Quang Thuan thir 2 (2-1461): ban bé cac chi miéu huy, ngy danh: - Miéu hug, 9 chit: Hign t6 huy Dinh iT, Hién Tir hug Qudch BR, Tuyen TS hug Khodng OX, Trinh Ti hug Thuong FF, Thai T6 huy Loi Fil, Cong Tx huy Trdn BR, Thai Tong huy Long iid, Tuyen Ti huy Anh 32, Nhan Tong huy Co ~ Ngu danh, 2 chit: ten vua duong triéu 1 Thanh 3%, Quang Thuc hoang thai hau huy Dao 3 (BK12-7a). (7] Thang 4 nam Quang Thuan thé 3 (5-1462): trong 5 diéu quy dinh vé phép thi huong c6 quy dinh : “chit huy cia quéc triéu, néu hai chi lién nhau déu khong dugc ding, néu rdi timg chit mot thi ciing cho ding bing cach lay chit khac thay vao va khuyén 3 ben ngoai” (BK 12-11b). [8] Thang 7 nam Quang Thun thir 7 (8-1466): “Dinh rd lai lénh kiéng hay [FA <2 BABY Than dinh hug le)” (BK12-25a). {9] Ngay 16 thang 2 nam Dinh Tj (19-3-1497) dai Le Hien Tong, (lic nay Lé High Tong 4a n6i ngoi nhung van ding nién higu Héng Dac 28 cia Le ‘Thanh Tong): ban bé ngy huy cia vua 1a Tranh $#4, tén huy cia Hoang thai hau 14 Huyén fl (hoac Hang tH)! 1 Cho nay Todn eur ghi khong ohét tri: 6 BK13, to 83a ghi chit Hing 48, nhung & BK14, (@ La trong dogn binh thuat tom tit vé vua Lé Hien Tong lai ghi: me Ia Truémg Lac thénh tit Hoang thai hau Nguyén thi huy Huyén AB (TV: hda nguyén thi¢i). Hai chit Bl va 4 ty dang gfn ging nhau, dé khdc lém voi nhau. Me vua Hign Tong la Huy Gia hoang thai hau GG dign Trung Lac nén cing goi 1a Truémg Lye hodng thai hau), Le Quy Don ghi ten hug ba la Huyén NA (Dai Vite chong sit, Hau phi truygn, A.1389, 18 86b). Phan Huy Cha cing ghi Huy Gia hoang thai hau ten hug 1a Huyen 6 (Lich cridu high chuwomg loui cht, LE nghi oti). O day chéing t0i tam xitIy bang céch ghi Iai cil hai chit dé khi c6 ctt liu chée chén hon sé chinh If.Nghién citu chit hiiy Viét Nam qua cdc triéu dai 39 [10] Mia xuan nam Quang Thiéu thé 2 (1517) déi vua Le Chiéu Tong: sai Lé bO thuong thu Dam Than Huy hiéu dinh miéu hug, ngu danh. Miéu huy 20 chit, ngu danh 2 chit Y #} va Hué ff. Pham khi viet chit va khac in sach déu khong céim ding, nhung ting doc thi phai tanh, hai ché lién nhau nhu Trung Tai! ded khong dugc viet. Nguyén van: FLERICESFA, AAAS, SANZ, WER ELME, REF AOATEZ FA, APES A Pham lam van ta dung, san thu tich, giai bat chi cm, thanh doc giai ung héi ti, lién tu nhu Trung Tai chi loai bat dic td dung (BK15-4b). Day 1a lénh kiéng huy cuéi cing ciia triéu Lé duge ghi trong chinh si. 2- Danh muc cac chit huy doi Lé so a) Ten hug vua Le so Téng hgp lai, tit yeu cdu cia viee nghién citu chit hug, ching ta cd thé phan ky triéu Lé so thanh 2 giai doan truéc va sau d6i L¢ Thanh Tong: Giai dogn 1: Tix Lé Thai T6 dén Lé Thanh Tong: Todn Thue c6 khi ghi 1a ban bé miéu huy, ngu danh nhung khong ghi 16 46 14 nhiing chit gi. Tuy vay, ph6i kiém cac tu liéu truéc sau cé lién quan ching ta c6 thé biét duge c&c chit huy da ban b6. Giai doan 2: Tir Le Hién Tong dén Cung Hoang, hét déi Lé so. Giai doan nay c6 6 déi vua, nhung Todn thu chi ghi lénh kiéng huy cila hai trigu: Hién Tong va Chieu Tong. Con 4 doi Tic Tong, Uy Muc, Tuong Duc va Cung Hoang chua biét het c4c chit huy. Hon nia, trong lénh kiéng huy cudi cing théi Le Chieu Tong (1517) Todn thu chi ghi gop: “miéu huy g6m 20 cht” ma khong ghi ré 1a nhiing chit nao. Vi vay dé len bang chit huy thudc giai doan nay, ching ta cén biét 15 20 chit miéu huy do nhém Dam Than Huy sita dinh va da dugc ban b6. Trong khoang hon mot chuc nam (1505-1516) truéc khi Le Chieu Tong Jen ng6i, triéu dinh nha Lé da 4m vao cudc khuing hoang trim trong do viéc tranh gianh quyén binh trong hoang toc, nhdt 1a du6i thoi Le Uy Muc. Chinh Uy Muc da giet ch ruot la Kien Vuong Lé Tan Slt = 929% va 3 con cila ong nay, trong 46 cé Cam Giang vuong Lé Sing S20 EH. ' Trmg Tai, tc ba Nhan Trung Tai, me Khéng Ti, Todn dueneu dé vi du.60 Chuong Il Vi vay, dé hiéu rang sau khi dugc lap lam ,vua, Chidu Tong (Le Y 34, con Lé Sing $2) khong chap nhan ten huy Uy Muc trong danh séch miéu huy |. D6i voi Chieu Tong ma néi, trong bing chit mi¢u huy 20 chit ban b6 nam 1517 tat phai c6 cae chit huf quan trong nhat: Suing 1 (Le Sing #27#. ten cha) va Loan ¥% (Trinh Thi Loan MECH, ten me) : Tan Bi (Kign vuong Le Tan Ia ong noi cba Chieu Tong, da duge truy phong 1a Kién hodng dé); va ba noi Trinh Thi Tuyen RBECHY da dugc ton phong la Huy Tir thai hoang, thaj hau), ‘Tir Le Chieu Tong tinh ngugc lén cdc ddi truéc, theo cic diéu ghi lien quan trong Todn thu, c6: Odnh #§. ten huy ciia vua Tuong Duc; Thudn 7 ten huy ciia vua Téc Tong: Hodn Et ten huy ciia Trang Thuan hoang thai hau Trinh Thi Ngoc Hoan WER KEN (me Tic Tong); Tranh $4 1a ten huy ctia Hin Tong; Huyén AB (hodc Hing {L{) ten huy cia Trudng Lac hoang thai hau, Cong 9 chit, them 11 chit miéu huy thuéc giai doan truéc, vila ding 20 chi mi¢u huy théi Chieu Tong. b) Ten gid ca cdc vua doi Lé so Cing nhu cic vua Trén ngay trudc, cic vua triéu Lé so da timg ding nhiing tén gia trong c4c van thu giao thiép vai nha Minh. Nhé c6 2 bite thu mot cita vua Lé Thé Tong, mot chia Trinh Tung giti vua Minh Than Tong, dé nam Van Lich thé 25 (1597) do Bui Binh Uyén soan thao dé Phung Khic Khoan dem di trong chuyén sang sit nha Minh, ching ta duge bit mot sé ten gid d6: Le Thai Tong c6 ten gid la Le Lan $2084, Le Nhan Tong cé ten gid la Le Tuan S874, Le Thanh Tong cé ten gid 14 Le Hao S23, Le Cung Hoang cé ten gid 1a Khoang J&f 2. Sau khi 66 sung chit hug thét hai cia cic vua c6 hai tén, them 2 chit huy doi Le Uy Muc, | chit vé doi Le Cung Hoang chva cé trong lén hiu dinh miéu huy nam 1517, ching ta cé bang chit huy dai Lé so gém 29 chit: " Sau khi danh bui nhd Mac. thu phuc Dong DO (Thing Long), vua Le Thé Tong dung lat ‘Thai Migu cing bd khong thé Uy Muc: trong bing ke micu hieu dat thé tai Thai Mieit Khong cd migu higu hode thuy higu cits Uy Muc, xem: Phan Huy Chit, Lich wiew hieir cucang logi chi, LE ngbi cht (nguyén ban Hin van, A.1551/4, Q.21. 6 13-14). 2 Xem: Cai quoi tdiu van, An Num yude tiéu myc... trong: Hodny Viet van tuyén, Bui Huy Bich su tdm bien tap, khdc in nm Minh Ménh 6 (1825), Q.8-1a,Nghtén ctu chit iniy Viet Nam qua ede tid dai BANG CHU HUY TRIEU LE SO Mieu higu TLé Thai T6 BK10, 58a at Ong noi vua wit Ba ndi vua “at -al- Thuong “nt Ph.NgocTrin BR [Voca vua (CungTw hh) “Hi SE [Anh cd cia vua 2 ‘Thai Tong |8 NeuyenLong JUN Ten huy vua Lan BKIt. ta 3 Nhan Tong |9 Bang Co FRE [Ten huy vua Tusn BK11, 59a ote 10 Nguyén Thi Anh 3 [Me vua (Tuyen Tir hth, 14 Lé Nghi Dan | - Be SThinh Tong [11 Tw Thanh Bam [Ten huy vu Hao We BKI2. 7a ue 12 Ngo T. Ngoc Dao Ti Me vua (Quang Thue hth.) 6 Hién Tong [13 Tranh Be [Tenhuy voa BKI3.83a__[14 Huy -nt- “it~ 15_N.T. Huyen/Hing ME/# [Me vua 17 Tac Tong 16 Thuan iE [Ten huy vua BK 14, 36a nt 17 Trinh Ngoc Hon 3X [Me vua Is Uy Muc 18 Tus % |Tenhuy vua BK 14, 39a, 19 Huyén wd eal “ie [20 Ng. Thi Can, Fit [Me vua (Chieu Nhan) 9 Tuong Duc [21 Oanh % [Tenhuy vua BK15. 1a 122 Tryu A |-ne 10 Chieu Tong [23 Y Ry [Tenhuy vua BK1S. 34a 24 Hue ieee “- 25 Tan ‘SE [Ong ndi vua 26 Tuyen 27 Sing [Cha vua 28 Trinh T.Loun ty [Me vua 11 Cung Hoang|29 Xuan He [Ten huy va iKhoang JRE BK15. 61a Chit 7 ban dich Toan tne, Len Son thue luc. Van bia Vink Lang phien 1 Dink: hung ban dich Cuong muc, Dai Vige thong sit phitn la Think. Chir hign co may cich doe khac nhau: Tranh (bin dich Todn thir); Chanh (Bain dich Cuong myc) ; Tang (Liege truygn tde gic Viet Nam, Nién bidu Viét Nam)62 Chuang It 3- Lé chitng va mu chit huy trén vin ban doi Lé so Qua kho sat thu tich bi ky doi Lé so cé thé nhan thay duong théi da sit dung 2 bién phap chi yéu dé thuc hin viéc kieng huy chit viet. a) Bé trOng hoic 46i ding chit khac Bé tréng: Cach nay it dugc sit dung, ching ti chi méi gap mét lan & Bia Chieu Lang (Lang vua Lé Thanh Tong) do Than Nhan Trung, Dam Van Lé phung sic soan, khéc dimg nam Canh Thong thir 2 (1499) dai L¢ Hien Tong: BERIREO, WKMIAE De tinh Le hug Tu O, hieu Thien Nam-d6ng chi / Vua ho Lé, ten huy 1a Tu 0, hieu Thien Nam dong, chi (Dgi Vier Lam Son Chiéu Lang bi, N°13473)!. Di chit : Bien phap kieng huy 6i chit chi yéu dugc thuc hién dé kieng huy chit Loi Fi] 1a ten hug cia Le Thai Té. Duong thdi c6 thé da timg c6 thong le méi khi c&n viet chi Loi #i] thi 46i 1am chit Nghi ‘f¢ nhu Pham Dinh H6 da cho biét: “Dai Le so d6i chit Loi #!] thanh chit Nghi 11” 2. Tuy vay, thuc hién d6i chit do kiéng huy thi chi mdi cé cir li¢u trong viéc thay 46i dja danh cé chit Lai, nhu: Déng Loi F)Fil 1a ten huyén cé tir thoi thude Minh (chau Ha Héng phi Tan An), dén doi Le so d6i lam huyén Déng Lai [eA (sau d6i 1a Vinh Lai, tac 14 huyén Ninh Giang va phan phia nam huyén Vinh Bao TP Hai Phong). Lien quan dén dja danh ding chi Loi c6 ten phi Ly Nhan BH AKF ma soan gia Dai Nam nhdt thong cht ghi la: “ten chau tir déi Tran tré vé truéc 1a Loi Nnan 4i|A, khong nam Quang Thuan (1460-1469) d6i goi la Ly Nhdn #242, dén nim Minh Ménh 3 (1822) méi d6i lim phii Ly Naan 4E ARF 3. Diéu nay c6 thé chua hoan toan chinh xc, vi trong Dai Viét sit lugc cita soan gia ngudi déi Tran (Trén Phé, hoac Tain) 6a c6 dia danh chau Ly Nhdn ma ban in 6 Trung Quéc in nhém 1a Vi Nhdn fi{= hoac Pha Nhan {= 4, Nam Ong mong luc cia H6 Nguyen TrimgSchép Pham Ngo, Pham Mai 1a “ngudi huyén Ly Nhan dat Giao Chi” (2E1E#E{— At, Giao Chi Ly Nhan nhan da). Giao Chi 1a cach ma H6 Nguyen Trimg ghi cho ngudi Trung Quéc " Dai Vige Lam Sem Chiéu Ling bi, N°13473. 2 Pham Dinh H6, Tham kheio tup kb (nguyen bin chit Han A.939, td 49a). 3 DNNTC, Ha Noi. 4 Hoang tridu phién thuge dja dis ting thee (TV. KHXH: P.264(4), Q.2, 16a ). 5 Ban in tong Ham phan [du bl kip (TV. KHHXH: P.251/2).Nghién citu chit hity Viét Nam qua céc triéu dai 63 doc, cdn Ly Nhan thi ding 1a ten chau déi Trén H6, ghi hoi khdc chat it so chi % trong Todn thu chép ten hanh cung Ly Nhan 42{—47@, noi vua Ly Thai Tong dimg lai tren dudng di danh Chiém Thanh tro vé!. Nhu vay, Ly Nhdn 747 1a ten chau c6 tir doi Ly Tran, khong phai 46i Trdn tré vé truoe 14 chau Loi Nhan #i]{= den doi Le Quang Thuan méi déi 1a Ly Nhan 72 {= nhu DNNTC da chép. Truéc sau tén chau (sau d6i la phi) nay van goi 1a Ly Nhén 442 (cho 6&n nm 1822 m6i d6i 1 phi Ly Nhan #8 AS). Ngay c& du6i théi Le Thai Té ten chau (hoac phd) Ly Nhan £242 vin khong phai 646i, dang nhw lénh kitng huy nam 5-1428 di ghi rd: “Neu déng am ma khac chit thi khong phai kieng huy” 2. b) Viet bign dang céc chit hug Cé 6 cach viet bien dang : Viet “Ta tong... Hitu tong...”; Viet dao bo ding kg higu b6n nét gay; Viet dao bo khong ding ky hi¢u bén nét gay; Viet bien dang di thé; Viet bot nét khong khuyén tron; Viet bét nét c6 khuyen erin, Viet “Ta tong... him tong... ZE WM... AIA..." Hinh ben trinh bay phong theo c&ch viet mot s6 chit huy trén bia Vinh Lang (Lam Son Vinh Lang bi) mot hien vat an tu n6i tiéng, do Nguyén Trai soan, Han lam dai ché VG Van Phi viet chit, .-\dyng nam Thuan Thien 6 (1433) tai Lang vua Le Thai Té6 6 Lam Son, [Thanh Hoa. Bia lang vua Lé Thai Tong (Huu Lang bi) do Han lam vién thi doc hoc si Nguyén Thién Tich phung séc soan, Ney tién hoc sinh cuc cuc pho Nguyén Cong Chinh vang ménh viét chit, khac dung nam Nham tuat nién hieu Dai Bao thér 3 (1442) cing ghi ten hug cia vua Lé Thai Tong theo cach wen: WERTZ Bt E (Lam Son Huu Lang bi, N°13481) v.v. Cf4ch viet nay thuc hién bang cach tach doi mt chit thanh hai nia, r6i dio vi tri, dua nita bén phai sang bén trai va nguoc lai, bén trén chua 16: ! Todn due, BK2- 35a 2 Toan thie, BK10-S8a64 Chuong tt “AE... FGE...” (Ta tong... Hitu tong...). Co nghia la: “Nita bén trai 1a ntfa bén phai fa chit...”. Néu chinh ty khong thé tich thinh 2 bén phai trai duge thi ct theo 2 phiin tren dudi, va chua : * £ ff... F#E...” (Thugng tong... Ha tong) nhu di thay trén bia Vinh Lang. Ca hai cach thé hién, nguéi doc van ban theo phuong phap cluét tur ma ngudi hoc chi Han hdu nhu ai cing biét, sé nhan ra chit duge viet kieng huy d6 1a chit gi. Viée tach chit thong thudng 1a tach doi theo chiéu doc, thudng gid duoc nguyen ven bd thit va thien bang ciia chal. Vi du. #i] tach thanh +7): “ N AS ni 7 Vic tich dé thuong téch mot bén b6 thi + thién bing, nhung cé thé chia tach tuy theo ¥ mudn thé hin, Nhu & Bia Vinh Lang, néu tach theo kiéu: #F = + + FF (thuong) thi ngudi doc vin nhan ra mot chit Thuong fT déng 4m véi chit chinh huy. Do dé, ngudi soan vin bia da tach theo kiéu Thong #: # = ~* (hugng) + # (ha), mae diu tach nhu vay thi phdn ©” khong doc duge bing mot am nao ci. Cach cat chit Long ji thinh 2 phin Gio nhu Bia Har Lang ca hai phin ta (#f) va how (E) visa khong gitt bd thi, vita khong c6 am doc. Dao bo va ding ky higu 4 nét gay “ Cach viet kieng huy theo kiéu chit tw véi hai dong ghi “Ta tong... hitu tong...” nhu da din tren, dug ding trong nhiing truéng hop ton nghiém trang trong (ghi tén huy cua vua ngay ¢ bia m6 ciia vua) v.v. Con trén cic van ban thong thudng, cach ghi dé vin cé thé ding, nhung khong phai lun lu6n thuan tin, Vi thé ngudi ta di 4p dung mot cach viét khac thugn tién hon, vita bio dim duge yeu cdu kieng huy, vita gitt duoc hinh thie cia mot “con chit” riéng biét. Cach thir hai nay hinh thanh bing cAch don gin hoa cach thir nhat. Voi Idi viet cho Han theo hang doc, hai dong “Ta tong...” va .” thudng dat sat nhau, con chi song 4E thudng viet theo kiéu . AK..." va 06 1é khong bao [au sau ngudi ta bd lon cd hai chit “Ta, Hau", hinh thanh mot ky ty nbu hai chit tong gidn thé SA ghép sat nhau: JA, chuyén dang dat len phan trén lam déu chit, phén than chi dat dudi vin theo cach dao vj tri nhu 6 cach thir nhat, tao thanh mot ky hi¢u van ty hoan chinh dé thé hien chi viet kieng hay. Nim 1971 Gido su Nguyén Tai Cdn phat hin duge cic tm van Kkhdc cita bO sich Cao thing ngoc hodng bén hanh tdp kink & Linh Tien Quan cé nién dai trong khodng cicNeghién cite chit huy & Viet Nam qua cdc triéu dai 65 nam 1434-1443 (doi Lé Thai Tong). Voi cac tim vin khac nay, ching ta co 3 mau chi huy viet theo cach nay ! : Thuong > &: Loi #) + iF: Long iit -> Hf (xem anh 9-10) Viét dao bO khong ding ky hidu 4 nét gy : Cach viet nay chi viét dio vj tri phai trai cua hai nia chit. Vin tren van khdc cia cuén CTNHBHTK (da din): Khodng Itt > & (xem anh 10) Viét bién dang di thé : Khic véi cfc cach 1-3, cach viet nay khong tach chit thanh hai nia ma chon mot dj thé (néu c6) cia chinh ty dé lim chit kieng huy. Cach viéi nay it khi gap. nhung da c6 chit miu trong cudn Dai bdo phy mdu dn trong kinh. Trong nudc hi¢n khong co nguyen ban cudn sach ndy, nhung cé mot ban sao chup do nh nghién cou Han Nom Ta Trong Hiép dua tir Paris vé tang Vien Han Nom nam 1980. Ban sach nay khic in khoang du thé ky XVilI 2, nhung diéu dic bigt 1A ngudi ta di lam ban khac bing cach “rap khu6n” theo mot nguyén ban sach in vao théi Lé so. Cac chit Ninh #3, Tan Bi 4, Dé HES. Tiing #S® v.v. 1) nhing chit huy doi Le Trung hung déu viet nguyen dang khong kiéng huy. trong khi dé lai co nhiéu chit huy doi Le so. Nhung ban tring san nay thyc hién viet kieng huy khong triét dé, cing mot chit cd khi viet kiéng. c khi khong viet king, cdch viet kieng huy cing khong theo hin mot cach nao théng nhat. Tuy vay, van ban Dai bdo phy mdu dn trong kinh git luge mot s6 mau chit kiéng huy doi Le so trong do chit Loi & cau: (7-1 {LLiF48? Tén vong cau Igi lac / Sng chet déu cing Igi lac 1a chit vit kieng huy theo cach ding bd ky higu 4 nét gay. 6 Dai bdo phy mdu dn trgng kinh ching ta thay chit Loi con duge viet kiéng huy theo mot cach khac. Sach nay cit méi cau kinh chi Han khdc chit " Xem: Nguyén Tai Cin, Nguein gee vad gud wink hinh thanh cach duc Hen Vide. Ha Noi, Nxb, KHXH, 1979, 7.49, 50, 52. 2 Ter cudi sich o6 khae chite vu. tude higu ciia Thai € Tuyen qugn cOng Trinh Quén, c6 the’ 1a ngitor da déng gop tién cong dite dé in sich ndy. Trinh Quin, theo Trinh gut the phi (A.1821) 8 con thé 10 ciia cha Trinh Tye. Theo Bai Viger si? ké tye bién, Trinh Quin duge ban tuéc Tuyen trung cong nam 1730. 9 Dai bdo phy mdu dn wrong kink, w 314, 31b. # Sad, wa 36b. 3 Sad, 1 45h. 8 sau. 1a 47a, 7 S36, 15 6a, 4.6.66 Chuong III to thi & ben phai c6 mot dong truc dich ra chit Nom khic in chit nhé. Cau: “BUA AF BAIT! Gia sit hd nhan thi chap loi dao”, duge dich Nom la: AR SHB 7), Gid cho cé ngudi tay cdm dao sdc. Mac dau c&u tao chit Lot Fl] = 7 + JJ, va chit H) xét vé y nghia tao chi thi khong sai, nhung ciu tric tao chit thi phai coi dé 14 mot di thé (Khang Hy wu dién khong c6 dang nay). DBPMATK di sit dung cfch viet nay dé kieng huy chinh ty cita chit Loi #i] . Lai & mot cau khac SEGASLAl, dich Nom APSR LAEDYM Vai dd trong loi nho®. 6 day ngudi viet da c6 ¥ viet thd dau chit DaoJJ cho thanh chit Luc: J) -> J) 6 thé hien kieng huy chit Loi # > #H. Viet bot nét ; Cach kieng huy viet bét nét da duge si dung tir dai Trdn (lenh kiéng hug aam Hung Long thé 12 [8-1304] di Trén Anh Tong qui dinh cc chit chinh ty miéu huy, ngy danh khi lam van phai viet bét nét - Todn thu, BK6-19b). Den dau di Lé cach king huy viet bot nét vin tiép tuc duoc sit dung: Chit Hoc 1a tén huy Lé Hoe, anh ca cua Lé Thai T6, dugc ghi trén bia Vinh Lang véi cach viet kieng huy bét nét: » £=F: (AB Sinh tam tit ba viet Hoc / Sinh ba con tai, trudng 1a Hoc. Chit Hoc duge viét bot nét theo mau sau day: 34 Trong Dai bdo phy mdu dn trong kinh ching ta gip mau chit Tran BR viet kieng hug bot nét: ASL FPA EFF Di thi danh ty nhit dang phung tri, Dich Nom: AZ SAGES Mic danh higu ¥ (ay) may hop vang gin. Gin [Trin] chit Nom duge viet bing chit Hin Trén BK, nhung khdc hd 6 nét 86 doc: Bit (1 32a). Ching t0i cé nghi dén kha nang van khic bi sit nét, nhung 6 trang khac c6 nhng cht “Thu tri 324%” dich Nom 1a BBR Chiu gin (35a) - chit trdn (gin) d6 cing viet bét nét, nhung theo mot c4ch hoi khic; bét 1 nét ngang 6 gitta bung chit “dong 3”: BR —> BK Cach viet chit Tran ki¢ng hug bét nét nay chang ta con thay trén mot sO bia 6 Van Miéu, nhu bia Tién si khoa Nham tuét nién higu Daj Béo thir 3 (1442) - khoa déu tién duge khdc tén dung bia 6 Van Miéu nam Héng Dit thir 15 (1484), trong d6 ho ten Hoang giap Trin Van Huy BRICK duge khéc v6i chit Trdn viet bot nét. | $44.16 25a. 2 Sad. t4ibNghién cite chit hiy Viét Nam qua céc triéu dai 67 Viét bot nét, them véng trén nhé Tir ddi Trén, nhu ching ta da biét, cling 44 cé I viet kieng huy theo cach nay', dén dau déi Le so vin con duge sit dung trong mot s6 trudng hop. Tuy ft khi gap, nhung cé thé ching ta cén gp cdch viet kieng huy nay tren van ban thu tich, bi ky dai Lé so: Mau chit king huy viet theo c4ch nay ching ta c6 thé doc duge tren Bia Vinh Lang (do Nguyén Trai soan, Vi Van Phi viét chit, di néi dén 6 tren khi trinh bay cach kieng huy bién dang thir nhat). Tren bia d6, ten huy ngudi bac ca Le Thai Té 1a Le Tong 324€ (anh cd cia Le Khodng, than phu Lé Loi) duge viet bén 1 nét va danh dau bang khuyen tron: Tong $€ > $8. © Tren Bia Hyu Lang (lang vua Lé Thai Tong), ho tén chttc danh cia rigudi soan van bia dé la: Mak Geli (St) ARATE FAAPR RGA BBA Han lam vien thi doc [hoc si] kiem Tri ngu tién Hoc sinh cuc can thi chi hau cuc, than Nguyén Thién Tich phung sfc soan. Chit Hoc # duoc viet bot nét ngang qua than chit, d6ng thdi them vong nhé dé danh dau: Hoc: St > 4 (Lam Son Huu lang bi, N°13481, - anh 8) 4- Cir ligu van bia ddi Héng Ditc va su kién giai toa lénh kiéng huy chit viet Qua ban ke cdc lenh king huy déi Le so, ching ta c6 thé thay cac vua triéu Le so tir Thai T6 den Thanh Tong déu cha trong dén viec ban bd va thi hanh Jénh kiéng huy. Nhung bing di mot thdi gian vé c&c di Tic Tong, Uy Muc, Tuong Duc één déi Le Chieu Tong méi lai co lenh ban bé cdc chit hug, nhung cing trong lénh 4y cé mot quy dinh cdn quan trong hon ma ching ta c6 thé néi t6m tat 1a gidi tod lenh kieng hug chit viet. Noi dung diéu quy dinh nay 1a rat 13 rang qua sy ghi chép cia Todn thu vé diéu lenh ban bé nam Quang Thiéu thé 2 (1517) doi Lé Chieu Tong. Do ¥ nghia quan trong cia diéu lénh nay, chang toi nhan thay cén thiet phai nghién cou nhiing hoan canh nao da dua dén su déi méi d6. Ching toi da soit lai cac lenh king huy da ban b6. Rieng vé doi Lé Thanh Tong c6 4 lén ban bé lénh kiéng huy (1460, 1461, 1462, 1466), chi c6 lin sau cing (thang 7 nam 1466) Toan thu ghi: “FAG Than dinh huy 1¢”2, nghia la: dinh 1 lenh 1 Xem méu chit Thita & Chuong Il: Chet hug doi Trin, 2 Todn the, BK12, 16 254.68 Chuong Hl kiéng huy, nhung khong cho biét noi dung da “dinh ré” ay cu thé nhu thé nao? Dé trd lor duge cau hdi nay, ching ti da tién hanh khao sat cfc van bia mang cdc nién higu Quang Thuan va Héng Duc triéu L¢ Thanh Tong. Ket qua diéu tra co thé ni la kha bat ngo: Trude héi. rong s6 cdc bia ngy ché ghi cdc bai tho do vua Lé Thanh Tong sang tac, co: © Dé Lony Quang Déng tinh ne RTE ERA IEIF | khdc bai tho cia Le Thanh Tong lam khi di bai yét son lang d Lam Son tré vé ghé tham dong Long Quang nam Héng Dic 9 (1478): Chi Long iit, trong tén bai tho ld chit tén hug cua vua Lé Thai Tong. phu hoang cita L¢ Thanh ‘Tong. nhung vin dugc khdc chit to ten vach niii theo ding nguyén dang. * Dé Hé Cong déng MZ, sing tac va khéc bia cing nim ndi tren, trong 46 c6 cau: ~ HEP LXER Hoa Duong long hod huyén chau tray” /“Hoa Duong réng hoa roi huyén ngoc”, chit Long jiid 6 day cing viet nguyén dang khong kiéng huy (N“20964, - anh 11). D6i vi Lé Thanh Tong..tudng khong con chit ndo quan trong dang kiéng huy hon chit Long ff 1 tén huy cia vua cha, Khiie nhimng tim bia ngu dé nhu vay bao gié ciing la viéc quan trong, thuéng phdi do van quan 6 Vien Han lam viet chit. quan Trung thu giam trong coi viec khdc dumg bia. Bin mau lim xong cén phai dang lén vua ngy lm. phé chuiin r6i mai duge thi cong tac da khic bia. Hai tim bia Ng dé cua Lé Thanh Tong dung 6 hai noi danh thing khac nhau déu khong viet kiéng huy chit Long id qua that khong thé coi 1a chuyén ngdu nhién hodc so suat cla thg khic. Khé cé thé tudng tugng hai chit Long khong kiéng huy dé cé thé hign dién trén hai tam bia ndi trén ma khong dugc phép cia chinh vua Lé Thanh Tong. Nha vua cho phép hoae dich than truyén du khic chit Long nguyén dang nhu vay ciing co nghia 1a le kieng huy lic bay gio da thay d6i khac tude. Cir ligu trén bia Bia Tién si dg Van miéu - Quéc tr giam cing phi hgp véi nhan xét dd. Cac bia din duéi day déu thudc loat bia ddu tien khéc dung ngay 15 thang 8 nam Héng Ditc 15 (4-9-1484): * Bia khoa Nham Tudt Dui Bio 3 (1442) c6 cau: “WAHL EZ BE ot long hé chi higu / ldy higu long hé” voi chit chi Long ijt! khong kiéng huy: ddng 3 phai sang cé tén ctta Tién si Khéc Hitu Thanh ' Ne17345Nghién cite chit hiiy Viét Nam qua cde wiéu dai 69 th 47 a, tring ten v6i vua Lé Thanh Tong, nhung viet nguyen dang khong kiéng hug (anh 13)!. * Bia khoa Mau Thin Thai Hod 6 (1448) c6 tén Tien si Trén Duy Hinh (SENESR: ho Trdn khong d6i thanh ho Trinh va chi Trén cing khong viét kieng huy2. Cac vi Do ngy str Trin Phong PE}, Hoang giap Tran Tham BI c6 ten trong bia khoa Ai mai Héng Ditc 6 (1475)3; Bang nhan Trin Bich Hodnh BME, Trin Quy Nghi BRETEE c6 ten trong bia khoa Mau Tudt Héng Dic 9 (1478) 4, ciing duge ghi véi chit Trén VK khong kiéng huy (anh 12). Nhiing cir ligu da dan cho thay: néu vao théi gian dung bia, triéu Le Thanh Tong chua thay d6i lenh kieng huy thi nhing chit da ké wen khong thé hign dign tren cac bia Tien si thudc loat 9 bia ddu tien dic dung 6 Van miéu ‘Thang Long nam Héng Dic 15 (1484) khi vua Lé Thanh Tong cén tai vi. Tir bia Van miu, ching toi da diéu tra ngugc lén cic bia mang nién higu H6ng Dit, phat hién them: = Bia chia Phic Thing (nay thudc x4 Dic Thing huyén Thach That tinh Ha Tay khdéc dung nam Héng Dite thir 1 (1470), trong 46 c6 cac cou: “$6 42 lac thien chi thanh"/ Thanh tam vui thign, voi chi Thanh i& khong kieng huy (dl. 24); dong 14 cd cau: “BHRLEZ A, FUSCA, ESB. Hau lai ap chi nhan. loi ky Igi, lac ky lac / Nhiing ngudi dén sinh s6ng 6 lang vé sau duge Igi vi diéu loi d6, dugc vui vi diéu vui dé” (Phiic Thang tie bi, N°18185) Tir nam Héng Dite 1 (1470) ngugc lén Quang Thuan 7 (1466) 1a nim sit ghi trigu Le Thanh Tong “tf! 224i] Than dinh huy 18 / dinh rd lai le kiéng huy” con 3 nam nifa. nhung chang t0i phai tam dimg lai vid Vien Han Nom cé qua it thc bin van bia thudc may nim nay - chi cd 1 thc ban, nhung khong c6 chit lin quan cén xiic minh. So dé cia ching toi nhu vay 1a con bj dit quing mat vai ndm. Tuy vay, voi nhitng cit ligu da trinh bay trén day, c6 thé di tam dit dé c6 thé ket luan: tir nién higu Héng Dite (1470-1496) trd vé sau, le kieng huy chit viet di duge bai bd, Su bai bd ndy di thyc hién duéi thoi Le Thanh Tong chér khong phai dén doi Le Chieu Tong méi dugc 1 N°1358, 4.24, ?-N°1323. 3 N°1353. 4 NP1313.70 Chuong HI ban bd. Cén vé thoi diém ching toi thy c6 co sé dé doan dinh Ienh 46 4a duge ban bé vio thang 7 nam Quang Thuan thé 8 (8-1466). Dé 1a nam Todn thw 4 ghi vigc: “Dinh 16 lai lenh kiéng huy”. Vi quéc sit chi ghi c6 tinh chat diém luét nhu vay, cho nén ngudi doc sit dén ché d6 cing thudng luét qua. Hon nifa muén biét 16 cing khong cé tai li¢u nao khac dé tham khdo. Qua diéu tra khdo sat tinh hinh kiéng huy ten cdc bi ky doi Héng Ditc méi hay ting viéc “dinh 16 lai lénh kieng huy” 46 khong phi 1a dé cho lénh kiéng huy duge tuan hanh nghiém ngat hon, ma trai lai dé thao g@, gidi tod lam cho ngudi dan duong théi khdi bi phién ha do viec kiéng huy chit viét gay ra. Lé Thanh Tong cé ting 14 Ong vua yéu thich van hoc, uyén bac cé kim, hon nita chinh quyén cia Ong cling da da manh, khong cfin gd ép than dan cila minh phai bay t6 su kinh trong d6i véi hoang toc bang cich thay sita nét chit von cé tir rigin xua. Dé 1d mot vide lam rat co ¥ nghia, xing dang voi danh tiéng cia ong, chi vi sit ghi khong rd ma lai 1A vin dé thude mot linh vuc chuyén mon hep nén tir trudc dén nay it ngudi biét dén. 5- Tinh hinh kiéng huy chit viét trén cac van ban tir di Lé Hién Tong dén hét di Lé so Vide gidi tod le kieng huf chit viet khong chi dimg lai duéi thoi Le Thanh Tong, ma cén tip tuc c6 higu tyc trong cac nam sau. 26 thac ban van bia cé nién higu Canh Thong (1498-1504), Héng Thuan (1509-1516) hién c6 6 Vien Han Nom ma ching toi 4a khdo sat, c6 thé néu Ién nhiing bia c6 chit khong kiéng huy nhu: = Bia Chieu Lang (Lang vua Lé Thanh Tong) do Han lam vién thira chi Than Nhan Trung, Dong cic dai hoc si Dam Van Lé phung sic soan, khac dyng nam Canh Théng thir 2 (1499) dai Lé Hien Tong 06 cau: FF EASING, 7RRZESR De do tu thao héi, bat 10 anh khi (Vua cdng cha y gidu minh, khong dé 16 khi chét tinh anh) c6 chit Anh BE viet nguyén dang khong kiéng huy (Dai Viét Lam Son Chiéu Laing bi)'. = Bia am Hién Thuy dung nim Canh Thong 3 (1500) c6 cdc chit Long iit, Anh 3&, Thanh 9M khong kieng huy (Hién Thuy am bi). = Bia ma nhai 6 dong Long Quang khic 2 bai tho cia vua Lé Hién Tong sang tac khi i tham dong Long Quang, do Trung thu giam Ngo 1 913473 2 NP1223,Nghién cia chit hiiy Viét Nam qua cdc triéu dai 1 Ninh viet chi, khéc nam Canh Théng 4 (1501) khong kiéng chit Long if 14 ten huy cita Le Nhan Tong, ong ndi cia vua (Ng dé Long Quang déng)), anh 14. ® Bia lang vua Le Hien Tong cé tir fi 6 Long nhan (4.12) voi chit Long fil khong kiéng huy. (Dai Viét Lam Son Du Lang bi)? Mot s6 bia khéc nhu: Cé tich linh ur bi kj do Thu cuc cuc phé Bui Nhit Dich khéc nim Héng Thuan 2 (1510) c6 3 chit Thuong # khong kiéng huy (N°1954) ; Ba Khé hdu mé chi dung nam Héng Thuan 3 (1511) chit Anh 3& khong kiéng huy (N°13546); V6 Vi we bi dumg nam Héng Thuan 7 (1515) c6 c&c chit Long fid, Thuong # khong kieng huy (N°1942). C6 thé thay tinh hinh phé bign 1a: trén c&c van bia mang ni¢n higu céc triéu tir L¢ Hién Tong dén Lé Tuong Duc cac chit huy da ban bé trong cic diéu l¢nh king hug tit nam Quang Thuan thir 3 (1462) tré vé trude déu khong viet kiéng huy. Sau khi lén ngoi, L¢ Chiéu Tong tray phong cho cha (Cém giang vuong Le Sing), Ong (Kién vuong Lé Tan) bj Uy Muc giét, déng thoi cho ban b nhiing chit huy lien quan. Ban ké ngy danh, miéu huy gém 20 chit do Thuong thu bO Lé Dam Than Huy stta dinh da dugc ban b6 nam Quang ‘Thigu thir 2 (1517) dai Le Chiu Tong. Nhung noi dung lénh kieng huy nay chi quy dinh kieng am (2781 R21] itt thanh doc giai ung h6i ti / titng doc thi déu phai tranh). Vé chit viet chi quy dinh c&m duy nhat mot truéng hop: hai chit lién nhau nhu “Trung Tai” déu khong duge viet GHEE AD ATE 387M 85 A lien tu nhu Trung Tai chi loai bat ddc t4 dung), con viet cht va in sich déu khong cm (SLICES FA, Mi) EAE, ANZ AE Pham lam van ta dung, san thu tich, giai bat chi cm, Todn thu, BK15, 34a). Viéc ban bé diéu lénh nay tu n6é cé mot § nghia tién bO dang ghi nhan. Tuy nhién, can cit theo nhig két qua khdo sat tinh hinh c4c chit thuée dien kiéng huy trén cdc van bia thudc céc nién hi¢u tir sau thoi Héng Ditc, cd thé thay chinh Lé Thanh Tong méi dich thuc la ngudi dau tién cho gidi tod le kiéng hug chi viet. Chi vi st: khong ghi ré ndi dung su kien “dinh rd lai [enh kieng huy” nam 1466 nén chang ta hdu nhw chi biét viec bé cam viet kieng huy tir Jenh nim 1517 di Le Chiéu Tong ma thoi. 1 N°17346 2 NP105562 Chuong HI Cir ligu cudi cing [a tam bia 6 bén dé Ci Son, x. Phuong Cach, ph. Quée Oai (nay thudc h. Quéc Oai, tinh Ha Tay) khac dung nam Thong Nguyén 4 (1525) dai Lé Cung Hoang: chit Dinh iT tir dau doi Le thudc dién kiéng huy, nhung trong bia nay duoc viet nguyén dang khong kiéng huy (Ca Son 6 ky, N°20118). 6- Tém tit dinh 1é kiéng huy ddi Lé so Tur diu di Le Thai T6 dén dau doi Le Thanh Tong triéu dinh rat cha trong vigc ban bé va thi hanh lénh kiéng huy, coi 46 14 mot bien phap dé khang dinh, cing c6 uy quyén thong tri cua nha Lé. Lenh quy dinh cm ding cc chit ngu danh va miéu huy. nhung cach thitc cm ding tuong ddi don gidn, chi cdn khong viét nguyén dang chinh ty cia chit huy la dugc. N6i chung trong khodng théi gian nay céc van ban thu tich, bi ky déu tuan thd lénh kieng huy. Viéc thuc hign kiéng huy én van biin cé hai bién php chinh: Mot la bd trOng chi huy hodc déi ding chit khac (trong d6 cé viec déi cic dia danh trang v6i chit huy). Hai la tao ra cdc bién dang dé kiéng huy chinh tu: c6 thé sit dung mét trong cdc cach tao bién dang sau day: Viét “Ta tong... Hou tong...”; Viel ddo bd ding ky hi¢u b6n nét gay; Viet dao bo, khong ding ky higu bon nét gay; Viet bien dang dj thé: Viet bot nét khong them vong tron nhé; Viet bét nét c6 them vong tran nhd. Nam Quang Thun thir 7 (1466) vua L¢ Thanh Tong 43 thuc hién mot lan “dinh 6 lai lenh kiéng huy”. Tuy chinh sit khong ghi chép noi dung cong vigc 46 nhu thé ndo, nhung tir két qua khdo sat cic vin bia tir nién higu Héng Dic dén het doi Le so déu khong thay cdc chit viet kiéng huy, ching ta c6 co sd dé xc dinh lenh gidi to’ ki¢ng huy chit viet di duge ban b6 trong lan “dinh r6 lai Ienh kiéng hay” nim 1466. Triéu Lé Chieu Tong trong Iénh ban b6 nam Quang Thieu 2 (1517) chi nhdc lai noi dung diéu lenh di ban b6 nim 1466 va quy dinh 15 khong phai kiéng huy khi viet cho va in sach nhu Todn tue da ghi. B. Triéu Mac 1- Pha hé nha Mac Triéu Mac t6n tai 150 nam (1527-1677) voi 10 déi vua, nhung chi cé 5 vua tir Mac Dang Dung dén Mac Mau Hop dong dd 6 Thing Long. Nhung tir cudi thing Chap nam Nham thin (1-1593) quan doi cila triéu Lé-Trinh layNghién cite chit hus & Vier Nam qua cde wiéu dai 3 lai duge kinh do, ho Mac phdi chay len phia Bic lap can cit 6 Cao Bing. tip tuc tén tai vor 5 déi vua nifa, dén 1677 thi mat. Ché do nha Le Trung hung len an aha Mace rat gay gat, coi nha Mac la “nguy”. Nhing ngudi cé quan he véi nha Mac do dé 6 vao mot vj thé rit bat Igi cho viéc gin git cac s4ch vo gidy 16 lien quan dén thdi ky lich su nay. Khong thdy ndi dén mot bd str chinh thie nao do triéu Mac t6 chite bien sogn. Tuan tue chi ghi so sai vai nét vé Mac Dang Dung: thua nho lam nghé danh ca. lon lén cé site khog, thi dé Luc si xudt than, khoang nam Héng Thuan (1509-1516) thing lim D6 chi huy sit tude Vi Xuyén ba i)! I f{'l: khoiing nam Thong Nguyen (1522-1527) thang dén chitc Thai su. twéc Nhan quéc cong { {bd ZS. sau thing An Hung vuong ‘#41. Le Quy Don cho biet ti mi hon: Mac Dang Dung 1a chau 7 dai cua Trang nguyén Mac Dinh Chi (1272-1346). Dinh Chi sinh Mac Dao £i% - lam quan Tu hinh dai phu: Dao sinh 4 con: Dich i, Thoan i, Thuy ii, Vién ia. Con Mac Thuy la Mac Tung 9% h Mac Binh $x], di cu dén lang C6 Trai huyén Nghi Duong phi Kién Thuy train Hai Duong - nay thudc h. D6 Son, Hai Phong. Mac Binh sinh Hich #. Mac Hich sinh 3 con, Mac Ding Dung S2%EhIf la con trudng!. Sau khi lam chinh bién ¢ cung dinh, bét Le Cung Hoang nhuéng ngoi. chinh thite len ng6i (6-1527), ngay trong nam dy d6i nieén higu 1d Minh Dic. Dang Dung chi lim vua 3 ndm (1527-1529), nhudng ngoi cho Dang Doanh (1530-1540): tiép sau 1A Phic Hai (1541-1546), Phic Nguyen (1547-1561). Mau Hop (1562-1592, mat kinh 46). 2- Kiéng am huy d6i dja danh Tuy chinh su, cd Toan the va Cuong muc khong c6 ghi chép ndo li¢n quan den le kieng huy duéi triéu Mac. Nhung cé li¢u dia danh lich str cho thay trigu Mac van cé 1¢ kiéng huy d6i dia danh. nhu: a) Dung hlf,.d6i cic dia danh c6 am Dung ™ Phii Dung SE % 1a ten huyen cé tir dai Train, du doi Mac d6i 1a h. Phi Hoa /74E. Dai Lé Trung hung lay lai tén ci 1a Phi: Dung Th. Den ndm 1842 lai vi kieng huy déng 4m véi ten huy cia vua Thigu Tri (Dung), va ca véi tén huy ctia me vua Thigu Tri (Hoa), d6i goi lah. Pha Cir 773K, nay thudc huyén Phi Tién, tinh Hai Hung. " Xem: Le Quy Dein tadn tdp, T.llt: Dui Vier thong sit, ban dich, Ha Noi, Nxb. KHXH, 1978, 1.253.254,74 Chuong IH = Tu Dung AZ: ten cita bién S Thuan Hoa, diu doi Mac king hug 46i la Tu Khach S42. Dau thoi Le Trung hung lay lai ten cil 1a Tu Dung. Dén nam 1842 lai kieng huy vua Thi¢u Tri, d6i goi 1 cita Tu Hién BR. b) Neguyén iff, 461 Phic Nguyén d6i c4c dia danh c6 am Nguyén ® Binh Nguyen 5/-/fi 1a ten huyén di Le so, den ddi Mac Phiic Nguyen kiéng huy d6i tén la Binh Tuyén F5R. Den nam 1842 kieng chinh huy cia vua Thi¢u Trj (Tuyén), 46i goi lA h. Binh Xuyén 3 JI[. * Pha Nguyen J : ten huyen dat tir doi Héng Doc 14 huyén Pha Van ##. Khoang nam Quang Thiéu (1516-1522) déi Lé Chieu Tong d6i goi la Pha Nguyen 43h. Dén doi Mac Phitc Nguyen kieng hy 46i 14 Pho Xuyen ‘gJI{. Nay van goi la huyén Phd Xuyén dinh Ha Tay. = That Nguyén -/f: ten chau adi LY, thoi thudc Minh d6i la That Nguyén -6 3. Doi Le so van goi la huyén That Nguyen. Dén doi Mac Phac Nguyen king huy d6i 1a That Tuyén 38. Nam 1842 kieng chinh huy vua Thiéu Tri (Tuyén), 46i goi 14 huyen That Khe Ci. Nay 1a huyén Trang Dinh tinh Lang Son. Nhimg thay d6i dia danh ke trén lien quan dén tén huy cia hai vua Mac Dang Dung va Mac Phic Nguyén. Nhung c6 mot s6 dja danh tring am véi tén huy Mac Ding Doanh va Mac Phic Hai khong thay aéi. Nhu: Huyen Vong Doanh ig dai Trin goi la huyén Kim Xuyén @J![, thoi thuge Minh 46i goi la Vong Doanh #8}. Dai Le so, nim 1469 vua Lé Thanh Tong dinh ban d6 trong nuéc, vin thay cb tén huyén Vong Doanh thudc pht Nghia Hung, dén nam Minh Ménh 3 (1822) m6i d6i Vong Doanh thanh Phong Doanh WJ. Nin vay, ten huyén Vong Doanh t6n tai tir thdi thugc Minh cho dén ddu di Minh Ménh khong thay déi. O Chau can luc cha Duong Van An (1514-2) viet vé cita Tu Khéch 06 ghi ré: “Cita bién nay xua ten 12 Tu Dung, dén déi hoang triéu [Mac] do king huy d6i goi la Tu Khach”. Nhu vay, trong khi ghi chép dia danh ving Thuan Hod, soan gid c6é chi ¥ dén viéc kiéng huy, nhung tén huyén Hai Ling #6 (thudc phi Tri¢u Phong, Thuan Hoa), hodc tén cita Viet Hai RY #4 (6 huyen Vi Xuong), Hai ‘Van quan i (déo Hai Van) v.v. van git ten ci co chit Hai Yi. Do vay, tam théi c6 thé nhan xét dudi trigu Mac van cé lé king huy é6i dia danh, nhumg chi thuc hién & d3i Mac Dang Dung (1527-1529) va Mac PhacNghién citu chit huy & Viet Nam qua cae triéu dai 15 Nguyén (1547-1561). Ciing c6é kha nang l¢ ay chi méi bit ddu thuc hien dui thdi Mac Phic Nguyen, trong trudng hop nay nhiing dia danh kieng 4m Dung dugc truy 46i dudi thoi Mac Phitc Nguyen. 3- Kiéng huy trén van ban Van bia triéu Mac hién c6 ban dap tai Vien Han Nom 1a 135, cif li¢u lien quan dén chit viét kiéng huy khong nhiéu. Vi chit Dung Jif thudc loai chit it thong dung cho nén ching tdi cé chi ¥ dén cd chit déng am 1a chit Dung #: Trén tam bia & dén thé Tri¢u Quang Phuc & xa Doc BO phi Nghia Hung do Lé bo TA thi lang Vi Bang Kiet soan, khdéc dung nam Quang Bao 5 (1558) d6i Mac Phic Nguyen thay c6 chit Dung # trong cau: “HAGE. Di dung nghiém nha / nét mat trang nghiém nh nhan” voi chit Dung & viet nguyen dang khong kiéng huy (Triéu hodng thdn tir bi ky, N°2573). Co thé théy kha nang khong cé lé viet king huy chi déng am tén huy Mac Dang Dung. ® Bia chia Hue Van 6 x Phi Gia huyen Thanh Ha (nay thugc huyén Nam Thanh tinh Hai Hung) soan dung nam Quang Hoa 2 (1542) di Mac Phéc Hai, c6 ghi tin nam hidu 14 Phic Hai #a%f, tring cd hai chit vai ten huy cia vua duong trigu (Hug Van phat tog bi ky, N°11813) ® Bia do Nguyén Vinh Mien (1523-2) soan, dung nam Quang Bao 9 (1562) déi Mac Phic Nguyén, trong tén quan tu6c cia soan gia: “4% dS GPRGERSERES Thi thu Han lam vin Déng binh chuong su”, c6 chit “Binh 32”, tring chit ten huy cha Mac Binh, ong noi Mac Dang Dung, nhung khong viet kieng huy (Hdu thdn tx vii bi kf, N°1662). = Bia chia Dong Phao, x. Nghi Khdc, h. Gia Binh (nay thudc huyén Gia Luong, tinh Ha Bac), soan dung nam Doan Thai 1 (1586) doi Mac Mau Hgp. Bai minh co chu: “St A PKI Canh chiém Dao nguyen” voi chit Nguyen 2 viet nguyen dang khong kiéng huy (Déng Phao ty tan tao thiéu huong tién duéng bi ky, N°4580). V6i nhitng cit lieu thu duge, tuy sé lugng chua duge nhiéu, c6 thé xa¢ dinh du6i triéu Mac trén céc thu tich bi ky khong bat budc phai viet kieng huy. Diéu d6 cing phi hop véi tinh hinh chung 1a cdc thé ché trigu Mac van noi theo thé ché triéu Lé so, ké cd vie khOng bat budc phai viet king huy tren cdc van ban.76 Chuong Il Tuy vay c6 chi din cho thay déi Mac ciing cé mot s6 vin ban viet king huy. Trong cudn Tham khdo tap ky, Pham Dinh H6 (1768-1839) cho biét: “Ta timg doc Bach Van Am thi tép cia Mac trang nguyén Trinh quéc cong Nguyén Binh Khiém. thy trong 46 c6 chit Hie % vii thuong tong *... ha tong tr T-. thé thi biet Hieu %: 1a chit huy déi Mac”. Nhé diéu ghi chép quy bau 6 cia Pham tien sinh, ching toi da luu y tim kiém, cu6i cing da thay thyc dang chit Hitu ¥ viet kieng huy trén 2 bia doi Mac: = Bia chia Dai Bi x Ngoc Lam huyén Té Ky (nay thudc huyén Tir Loc tinh Hai Hung) soan dung nam Thudn Phic 3 (1564) doi Mac Mau Hop, ¢ bai minh c6 cau: “$5 ,0242” (Hiéu trung khdi ni¢m/ khdi phat ¥ nghi trung hiéu) voi chr Hiéi viet kieng huy: # > #9 (Dai Bi ne bi, N°13325)!. = Bai minh khdc trén chuong chia Héng Phic xi Xuan O'huyén Tit Son, - nay thudc huyén Tién Son tinh Ha Bic, soan dung nam Doan Thai 1 (1586) di Mac Mau Hyp. 6 cau: “MB 2" (Dong trung higu chi niém / cing c6é nghia 14 khdi phat y ni¢m trung hiéu). Chit Hiéu # trong cau nay cing dugc viet king huy: p. Hai cir ligu bia, chuong noi trén xac nhdn qua ding Hiéu # 1a chit huy doi Mac. Nhung su hién dién cua 2 truéng hop viet kieng huy nay cing chi ndi lén tinh chat ngoai 1é cia n6: vn 14 trong tinh hinh triéu Mac khong ban bo lenh kieng huy, viéc viet kiéng huy chi cé tinh ty nguyén, khong bat budc. Vé ngudi c6 ten 1d Hiéu # duge viet kieng huy, ciing trong tai li¢u di dan, Pham Dinh H6 viet: “Tra citu thi thy dé vutong trigu Mac khong c6 ai tén huy 1a Hieu %. Hon nia sich cla Bach Van Am khong phai thuc luc, tai sao lai khong viet ding nguyén dang? Sau tra cétu ky hon, mdi biét d6 1a chit noi huy cua nha Mac” 2, Tuy vay, ho Pham khong ghi lai chit noi huy 46 14 tén ngudi nao trong hoang t0c. Trong tinh hinh khong c6 cdc sich ngoc pha, thyc luc cla nha Mac, ghi chép ciia Lé Quy Don vé géc tich nha Mac gidip ching ta xéc dinh duge chit Hitu # [a tén huy cia ba Dang Thi Hiéu, me Mac Dang Dung - ding 14 chi ndi huy cia nha Mac nhu Pham Dinh Hé6 di ghi. Doan lien quan dén ba ho Dang trong bo sif cila Qué Dudéng nhu sau: 1 Xem anh. 2 Pham Dinh H6, Sdd, t& 50b.Nghién ctu chit htiy Viet Nam qua ede wiéu dai 7 ~..Hich lay con gai cla Dang Xuan ngudi cing lang, tén 1d Dang Thi Hiéu BIE ., sinh ba con trai. Con trudng 14 Dang Dung, |...}. Nam Ky hgi nien higu Nguyén Hoa thir 7 (1539), thang 5. ngay Canh ngo, me Dang Dung 14 Dang thi chét. tho 82 tudi. Sing An vuong Mac Nhan Tri coi viéc ho tang |... J. ton tén thuy 1a “Chiu t sting huu Hién thanh hoang thai hau”, {...] phan m6 goi !4 Thuy Lang”! Ngoai chit Hiéic, ching t0i con tim thay hai chit huy khdc thude dien viet hieng huy tu nguyén: - Bia chia Phic Lam Hoang Thé ¢ x. Vinh Thé, h. Tien Phong, xit Son Tay, dé nim soan: “Dai Viet hoang triéu Hung nién”, tite nam 1589 di Mac Mau Hop, 6 du bai minh c6 cau: “KARMEL Dai tai kién nguyen / Lén thay kién nguyén", vi chit nguyén viet kieng huy bot mot nét ngang tren va them bo ba nét gay tren dau chit 36 > 55 (Phuic Lam Hodng Thé Dung dinh thi bi, N°7278)?. Co thé do’n dinh day 14 chit Nguyen 3% viet kieng déng am ten huy Mac Phac Nguyén Sz 4Bidhi. Vi c6 le kiéng am huy d6i dia danh. nguéi viet van bia c6 the suy doan la chit viet cing phai kieng huy, hon nits king hus cd chit déng am. ~ Bia Am Hién Dong khic dung nim Héng Ninh 2 (1592) doi Mac Mau Hop, ngay & dong tén bia khic chit to: Hién Dong am bi kp SAI MEM AC, vai chit Am viet theo dang kiéng huy: I —> fff (IN°1222). Céc vua va hoang thai hau nha Mac khOng cé ai tén huy 1a Am ME. Voi mot ci ligu duy nhat, sau khi can nhdc moi khd nang, ching t6i doan dinh chi Am viet kiéng huy 46 co nhiéu kha nang la king huy chit Am HE trong tén hiu cla Bach Van Am Neguyén Binh Khiein (1 2:HE bE EUR. Chang ta diet Trinh quéc cong Nguyén Binh Khiém la bac danh Nho cé uy tin lon d6i vi triéu Mac. Do long kinh trong cia nhan dan di v6i Ong, va ciing do le kiéng huy kha tu do dudi théi Mac, tac gid vin bia am Hien Dong nhé téi ten tudi cla Ong, va tu minh chon viét chit Am theo Idi kiéng huy, mac ddu theo cach hiév ciia ching ta thi viet kiéng chit Am nhu vay co phn khong hop ly vi “am HE” cing nhu “trai JF", “duang HE” v.v. 18 yeu t6 ghép thém sau danh tit dé tao tén hiéu cho bat cir ai khac. Tuy vay. néu hiéu mot cich “dan da”, coi ten higu ciing IA mot thir tén, thi viee ngudi viet bia ty chon chit Am dé viét kieng, huy cé thé hiéu duge. ' Le Qué Dan Todn Kip, TAU: ai Vier thang sit. bin dich, Ha Noi, Nxb. KHXH, 1978, 1.254, ? Xem anh78 Chuong lil Day cé thé 14 mot trudng hgp rat dac biét, vé tinh chat cd phan gidng mot trudng hop diac biét khac 1a chit Tri $$ 6 thoi Le Trung hung viet king ten huy cia Pham Cong Trét (xin xem Chuong IV). Khac nhau chi 6 ché Tri 1a tén huy cua nhan vat, ché khong phdi 1a chit cu6i trong tén higu nhu chit Am. 4- Két wan Qua nhimg cit lieu khao sat duge, c6 thé thay triéu Mac khong ban bé Iénh kiéng huy, nhung vin cé lé kiéng 4m huy. Déi Mac Dang Dung va Mac Phic Nguyen, cfc dja danh tring véi 4m huy cia vua déu phai d6i. Ngoai vigc kiéng 4m, triéu Mac khong cé dinh le viet kieng huy. Tuy vay trong dan gian van cé khi viet kieng huy, nhung 1a thudc loai khong bat budc, - cic miéu chit kiéng hug Hiéu #, Nguyen 35, Am f¥f cé thé coi 1a nhiing trudng hop dc biét khong c6 tinh phé bién.Iv Chit huy doi Lé Trung Hung - Tay Son A. Doi Lé Trung Hung 1- Pha hé va tén huy cac vua triéu Lé Trung Hung C&e nha sit hoc dei Lé quan niém nha Lé chi thye sy mat ngdi chua day 6 nam (tir 1527-1532), vi dén ddu nam Quy tj tuong dng v6i nién higu Mac Dai Chinh nam thtr 4 (1533) triéu dinh nha Lé Trung Hung da ra doi 6 ving rimg ndi nuéc Lao giép mién tay Thanh Hoa. Lic sy, Lé Duy Ninh AE la con vua Lé Chieu Tong, chau 5 doi vua Le Thanh Tong, d& dugc cuu thin nha Lé 1 Dai tuéng quan Nguyén Kim ton lap lam vua, lay nam Quy tj lam nién hiu Nguyén Hoa nam thir nhét. Con Trang Tong 14 Huyén ff néi ngoi (tite Trung Tong 1549-1556). Nhung Trung Tong khong cé con trai, Thai su Trinh Kiém tim d6n Lé Duy Bang 32#E#8 la chau 6 ddi cia Lam qu6c cong i ZS S21 lap len lam vua (tic Le Anh Tong). Nhu vay ti Lé Trung Tong trd vé trudc cho dén Lé Thai Tong, cac vua Lé déu la con chau truc hé cia Lé Thai TO. Nhung tit Anh Tong tro vé sau, ngoi vua nha Le da chuyén sang cita nha bac, thudc hang con chau cla Lam quéc cong Lé Trit, anh thir hai cla Le Thai T6. Trong cac thu tich Han NOm cé mot s6 cudn tuy goi 14 ngoc pha cia nha Le nhung sao chép nhdm lin, cé nhiéu dau hi¢u khong dang tin cy, nhat 1a xét vé géc dO nghién cétu chit huy. Nhu cu6n Ngu ché'ngoc phd (VNv. 141) ghi Le Kinh Tong hug 14 Duy Ky HE#T trong khi 46 duéng nhu ai cing biet ten huy cua Kinh Tong 1a Duy Tan EF. Ten hug ciia vua Lé Gia Tong sit sach déu ghi la Duy Khoai 4£#9 (hoac doc Coi), cuén Lé hodng ngoc phd (A.678) lai ghi vua tén hug 1a Duy Phic 4E48! Lai trong cutin Nam sit tu ky (A.2207) ghi Le Than Tong huy Duy Ky 4 # voi chit Ky b0“% mich”! Huyén Tong hug Duy Vii, cing viet voi bo “mich” #4, trong khi d6 ten huy cia cac vua tir Thin Tong vé sau déu dit ten bing cdc chit thudc bO Thi # . Vi vay, dé tign theo déi nhing van dé lien quan dén vic nghién citu chit huy d6i Lé Trung hung, chang t0i can clr theo Dai Viét stt ky todn thu, Dai Viét sit ky tuc bién, Khém dinh Viét siz thong gidm cuong muc, c6 tham khdo Van bia Vinh Lang, Tring san Lam Son thyc luc (ban in nam Vinh Tri 1 [1676]),80 Chuong IV Dai Viét théng sit cha Le Quy Don, phan Lé nghi chi wong Lich triéu high chuong toai chi cia Phan Huy Cha, riéng biet lap hai bang ké sau day: TEN HUY CAC VUA TRIEU LE TRUNG HUNG INam sinh - 6 ngoi - mall Xust xr nm & ngoi in a: 1515-1533-1548 Toan tht, BK16, la 1532-1557-1573 £ Toan thu, BK16, 13a 1588-1600-1619 ™ Toan thi, BK18, 1a 1631-1643-1649, i Toan thu, BRIS, 37a Fi 1661-1672-1675 i Todn thie, BKI9. 30a DVSKTB, Q.20, ib 1680-1705-1729-1731 LITK.TAL, 175 LTH, Th174 DVSKTB, 1709-1729-1732-1736 y LITK, Qhi.ts7 1699-1732-1735 1719-1735-1740-1759 (1717-1740-1786Le Hoi i Luge dd pha hé dong ho vua Lé LeDinh 71 LL NTQudch Tr.t.Ng. Ths Ca vi me * Se L.Quang [7] HE. ' PINe. Quin |_| Xuan HE | y ung Hoan ' Dei Le Trung hung = —_Y ——, Chuyén sang dong Le __...Hoyen HEL Trung Tong | {Duy Tan 3 Tr. Ngee Kon Tong] |_Zeih na di i Dyxhosi #8 Ad ene | | i Dirigo if82 Chuong IV TEN HUY TEN TUOC VA MIZU HIEU CUA CAC CHUA TRINH Ténhuy |Namsinh - ongoi ‘Ten tude {in 4am) - mat 2- Kiéng huy ddi dia danh ddi Lé Trung Hung Ngay ca khi lé kiéng viet kieng huy da dugc bai bd, diéu enh nam Quang Thieu 2 (1517) doi L¢ Chieu Tong van nhac lai dinh l¢ vé viee kiéng 4m huy: “con 4m doc thi déu phai tranh” (Tod thu, BK15-34b). Mot noi dung quan trong cila 1@ kieng am huy 1a viée thay 46i nhimg dia danh. Cac triéu inh doi Le Trung hung tuy khong ban bO bang van ban, nhung da thuc hién viéc thay d6i dia danh dé trinh cic am hu cita vua Lé, chéa Trinh. a) Kieng tén huy vua Lé NINH @ (Le Trang Tong): Cic dja danh c6 chit du hay chit this hai 1a Ninh déu d6i ten:Nghién citu chit hniy Viée Nam qua cdc triéu dai 83 * Ninh Son 11): tén huyén thudc thita tuyén Son Tay c6 tir déi Lé Quang Thuan (1460-1469) ddu adi Trung hung déi 1a Yén Son il. Nay 1a huyén Quoc Oai tinh Ha Tay. ® Pha Ninh SKE: ten huyen cé tir doi Trin; ddi Le Trung hung kieng huy Trang Tong, d6i 1a Pht Khang £1, nay thudc huyén Phong Chau tinh Vinh Pha. * Yén Ninh RE: tén 19 doi Tran la Yén Khang, doi Lé so d6i 1a Yén Ninh, déu di Lé Trung hung kiéng huy d6i la Yén Khang. Dau 46i Gia Long, kiéng huy chit Khang, d6i 1a Yen Khanh. Nay 1a huyén Yen Khanh tinh Ninh Binh. * Va Ninh SKB: 1a ten chau ddi Trén. doi Le Trung hung d6i 1a Vii Giang #RYT sau kieng 4m huy chia Trinh Giang doc chéch thanh V6 Giang (Huyén V6 Giang hgp voi huyén Qué Duong thanh huyen Qué V6 tinh Ha Bac ngay nay). ® Tinh Ninh #P32: ten huyén thudc xi Thanh Hoa, dau déi Trung hung 46i [a huyén Tink Gia iff BF. Nay 1a huyén Tinh Gia, tinh Thanh Hoa. BANG 3 (Le Anh Tong) = An Bang %F§: ten chau doi Trin. Doi L¢ Quang Thuan (1460- 1469) dat lam An Bang thita tuyén, doi L¢ Anh Tong (1557-1573) kieng huy d6i la An Quang /S. Doi Minh Ménh i 1a Quang Yen. Nay [a dat tinh Quang Ninh. DAM if (Le The Tong) = Thanh Dam jff#d: ten chau tir truéc cho dén thé thudc Minh [a Long Dam ji#il. Nam 1407 théi thuge Minh 46i 14 Thanh Dam i472. Den doi Le The Tong (Duy Dam, 1573-1600) d6i la Thanh Tri afb. Nay 1a huyén Thanh Tri ngoai thanh Ha Noi. TAN $f (Lé Kinh Tong) " Tén Minh #88: ten huygn doi Le so. Dai Trung hung kieng huy Kinh Tong (Duy Tan, 1600-1619) d6i 1a Tién Mink 5¢8H. Nay thude huyén Tién Lang, T. P. Hai Phong. ® Tan Bink #7F: ten phi doi Lé so, déi Kinh Tong d6i 1a Tién Binh 46°F. Nay 1a dat tinh Quang Binh va hai huyén tinh Quang Tri.