Ch16a

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Saturated solution-a solution containing the maximum amount of solute for a given amount of solvent at a constant
temperature and pressure; an equilibrium exists between undissolved solute and ions in solution.
Solubility-the amount of a substance that dissolves in a given quantity of solvent at specified conditions of temperature and
pressure to produce a saturated solution.
Unsaturated solution-a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution at a given temperature and pressure.
Miscible-describes liquids that dissolve in one another in all proportions.
Immiscible-describes liquids that are insoluble in one another; Ex: oil and water.
Supersaturated solution-a solution that contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a give temperature; excess solute
precipitates if a seed crystal is added.
Henry's Law-at a given temperature the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the
liquid.
Concentration-a measurement of the amount of liquid that is dissolved in a given quantity of solvent; usually expressed as mol/L.
Dilute solution-a solution that contains a small amount of solute.
Concentrated solution-a solution containing a large amount of solute.
Molarity-the concentration of solute in a solution expressed as the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution.
Colligative property-a property of a solution that depends only upon the number of solute particles, and not upon their identities;
Ex: boiling-point elevation, freezing-point depression, and vapor-pressure lowering
Freezing-point depression-the difference in temperature between the freezing point of a solution and the freezing point of the
pure solvent.
Boiling-point depression-the difference in temperature between the boiling point of a solution and the boiling point of the pure
solvent.
Molality-the concentration of solute in a solution expressed as the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 kilogram (1000 g) of
solvent.

Mole fraction-the ratio of the moles of solute in solution to the total number of moles in both solvent and solute.
Molal freezing-point depression-the change in freezing point for a 1-molal solution of a nonvolatile moelcular solute (Kf)
Molal boiling-point elevation constant-the change in boiling point for a 1-molal solution of a nonvolatile molecular solute (Kb)