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Lecture 33
Psychrometric Properties of Moist Air
Applications
Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC)
Analysis
HVAC pressures are always low ~ Patm
Ideal gas law can be used for both air and water vapor
R 1.986
Dry Air
Water Vapor
M a 28.97 lbm/lbmol
M w 18.016 lbm/lbmol
Ra 0.06855 Btu/lbm-R
R w 0.1102 Btu/lbm-R
Btu
lbmol-R
yw
ya
Humidity Ratio
mw
ma
nw / n mw M a 28.97 mw
1.608
na / n M w ma 18.016 ma
Pa P Pw
Tdp
Dew Point
Temperature
5
yw
yw, sat
Pw
P
Partial pressure
of the dry air
P
Pw
Psat
Psat
Total pressure
of the mixture
mw Pw V / RwT
ma Pa V / RaT
Ra Pw R / M a Pw
Rw Pa R / M w Pa
M w Pw 18.016 lbm/lbmol Pw
M a Pa
28.97 lbm/lbmol Pa
Pw
Pw
0.622 0.622
Pa
P Pw
Psat
Psat
0.622
0.622
Pa
P Pw
6
Example
Given: Moist air at the following state
T 70F
P 14 psia
60% 0.60
Pw
0.60
Psat
Pw Psat
Pw 0.60 0.3632 psia
Pw 0.2179 psia
Psat
Example
Dew Point Temperature The dew point temperature is the
saturation temperature of the water vapor at its partial
pressure. Using Table C.1a,
P 0.3632 psia
sat
Pw 0.2179 psia
T 70F
Tdp 55.5F
Pw 0.2179 psia
Interpolating ...
Tdp 55.5F
8
Example
Humidity Ratio
mw
P
0.2179 psia
0.622 w 0.622
ma
Pa
14 0.2179 psia
0.009834
lbm w
0.009834
lbm a
0.009834
68.8
lbm a
lbm w
lbm a
Example
Mole Fraction Ratio
%
yw
1.608 1.608 0.009834 0.015813
ya
yw
yw
ya 1 y w
%
0.015813
yw
0.016
1 % 1 0.015813
y w 1 ya
ya
ya
1
1
ya
0.984
%
1 1 0.015813
Notice that: yv ya 1
10
13
Example
Heating of a Moist Air Stream
14
Example
Given: Moist air flowing at 300 cfm enters a heating unit at
65F, 14 psia with a relative humidity of 50%. The moist air
leaves the heating unit at 110F, 14 psia.
Find: (a) The heat transfer rate required (Btu/hr)
(b) The relative humidity of the air leaving the heater
Q&
P1 14 psia
T1 65F
1 0.50
V& 300 cfm
15
P2 14 psia
T2 110F
Q&
Example
P1 14 psia
T1 65F
1 0.50
V& 300 cfm
P2 14 psia
T2 110F
The mass flow rate of the dry air does not change (in this case
the water vapor mass flow does not change either why?).
Therefore,
m& m& m&
a1
16
a2
Q&
Example
Rearranging the First Law,
P1 14 psia
T1 65F
1 0.50
V& 300 cfm
m&w 2
m&w1
Q&
ha 2
h w 2 h a1
h w1 h a 2 2 h w 2 h a1 1h w1
m&a
m&a
m&a
17
P2 14 psia
T2 110F
Q&
Example
The specific volume of the dry
air at state 1 is found using the
ideal gas EOS with the partial
pressure of the dry air,
P1 14 psia
T1 65F
1 0.50
V& 300 cfm
va1
P2 14 psia
T2 110F
RaT1
Pa1
Psat1 Psat T1
P1 Pa1 Pw1
Q&
Example
The component enthalpy values
can be found using the ideal
gas model for each component,
P1 14 psia
T1 65F
1 0.50
V& 300 cfm
19
Pw1
Pa1
P2 14 psia
T2 110F
Q&
Example
No water vapor is added to or
taken from the moist air from
state 1 to 2. Therefore,
P1 14 psia
T1 65F
1 0.50
V& 300 cfm
P2 14 psia
T2 110F
1 2
At this point, the problem can be solved for the heat transfer
rate. We are also interested in the relative humidity at the exit
of the heater. This can be found from the humidity ratio at 2,
Pw 2
2
Psat 2
Psat 2 Psat T2
20
Pw 2
2 0.622
Pa 2
P2 Pa 2 Pw 2
Q&
Example
Solution (Key Variables):
P1 14 psia
T1 65F
1 0.50
V& 300 cfm
P2 14 psia
T2 110F
Q&
Example
What would happen if the
moisture content is neglected and
the mixture is treated as dry air?
P1 14 psia
T1 65F
1 0.50
V& 300 cfm
P2 14 psia
T2 110F