WHEN DO WE

USE COMMAS?
1. Before or after adverbial
clauses and groups.
2. Before various
connectives to join two
independent clauses.
3. To separate some nondefining phrases from the
rest of the sentence.
4. To separate words,
groups and clauses in a
series.
5. To separate adjectives
that separately modify the
same noun

E
X
A
M
P
L
E
S

1. Before or after adverbial clauses and groups.

Recently, research has been done to find a cure for
baldness.
2. Before various connectives to join two
independent clauses.
Mel has twins, but she isnt married.
3. To separate some non-defining phrases from the
rest of the sentence.
Ipads ,which have gained popularity nowadays, have
lowered their price.
4. To separate words, groups and clauses in a
series.
I went to the grocery store to buy fruits, vegetables,
band aids, and hair treatments.
5. To separate adjectives that separately modify the
same noun.
Sammy is such a beautiful, level headed girl.

WHEN DO WE
USE
APOSTROPHES?
The apostrophe has two
main functions in English,
but only one in academic
writing. It is used mainly to
show possession or
relationship. It is also used
in informal writing to show
contraction or letters left
out.
EXAMPLES

Durangos newest landmark is becoming popular world

wide, because of National Geographics documentaries.

COMMON MISTAKES

COLON
OR SEMICOLON?
Colons are used to add extra information after a clause. This can
be divided into three main categories
LISTS
We need: apples, sugar, flour and butter.
EXPLANATIONS
I am not going to school tomorrow: Ive gotten the flu.
QUOTATIONS
As my grandmother said: Dont come to tell me that Chuchita has
been bagged.

In academic writing, quotation marks

are used to show that you are quoting
directly from another author's work.
The quotation marks should enclose
the actual words of the author and all
bibliographical information must be
given.

WHO SAID.?
1. In order to be irreplaceable, one must be different.
2. Truth is everybody is going to hurt you; you just need to
find the ones worth suffering for.
3. Walking with a friend in the dark is better than walking
alone in the light.
4. We shall never know all the good that a simple smile can
do.
5. Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were
to live forever.
6. An eye for an eye, only ends up making the whole world
blind.
7. Do not pray for an easy life, pray for the strength to
endure a difficult one.
8. When I went to school, they asked me what I wanted to
be when I grew up; I wrote down happy. They told me I
didnt understand the assignment and I told them they
didnt understand life.
9. I have a dream.
10.go to heaven for the climate, hell for the company.

SEMI-COLON
A semi-colon can be used to separate two sentences which
could be written as independent sentences but are very
closely related in meaning
Complicated Lists
A semi-colon can also be used to separate items in lists,
especially if the items are long and complicated and already
contain commas.
EXAMPLES
During the 2014 World Cup, Brazilians were humiliated by imposing a new
record; The German scored 7 goals to the host team; Germany won the Cup, but
Mexicans were not happy about it; The Mexican had a tough experience with
the referees; Mexicans were robbed by Robben, but the Mexican coach became
popular and an overnight sensation; Miguel Herrera is now known as the World
Cups best coach.

EXAMPLES
-- Im really looking forward Valentines day this year! I think, he is going to
propose!
--What makes you think that?
--Because I saw him at Tiffany!
--Who is Tiffany!?

WHAT IS A HYPHEN?

Last Friday night, a two-headed monster

was seen in 20 de Noviembre Avenue, as a
result, there was a six-car accident..