PROBLEM 1.

67
KNOWN: Operating conditions for an electrical-substitution radiometer having the same receiver
temperature, Ts, in electrical and optical modes.
FIND: Optical power of a laser beam and corresponding receiver temperature when the indicated
electrical power is 20.64 mW.
SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state conditions, (2) Conduction losses from backside of receiver
negligible in optical mode, (3) Chamber walls form large isothermal surroundings; negligible effects
due to aperture, (4) Radiation exchange between the receiver surface and the chamber walls is between
small surface and large enclosure, (5) Negligible convection effects.
PROPERTIES: Receiver surface: = 0.95, opt = 0.98.
ANALYSIS: The schematic represents the operating conditions for the electrical mode with the
optical beam blocked. The temperature of the receiver surface can be found from an energy balance
on the receiver, considering the electrical power input, conduction loss from the backside of the
receiver, and the radiation exchange between the receiver and the chamber.

E in E out = 0
Pelec q loss q rad = 0

4 =0
Pelec 0.05 Pelec As Ts4 Tsur
20.64 10

2
2
8
2
4
4
4
4
W (1 0.05 ) 0.95 0.015 / 4 m 5.67 10 W / m K Ts 77 K = 0

Ts = 213.9 K

<

For the optical mode of operation, the optical beam is incident on the receiver surface, there is no
electrical power input, and the receiver temperature is the same as for the electrical mode. The optical
power of the beam can be found from an energy balance on the receiver considering the absorbed
beam power and radiation exchange between the receiver and the chamber.

E in E out = 0

opt Popt q rad = 0.98 Popt 19.60 mW = 0

Popt = 19.99 mW

<

where qrad follows from the previous energy balance using Ts = 213.9K.
COMMENTS: Recognizing that the receiver temperature, and hence the radiation exchange, is the
same for both modes, an energy balance could be directly written in terms of the absorbed optical
power and equivalent electrical power, opt Popt = Pelec - qloss.

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