Life Science

Genetics

Genetics
The study of heredity, how traits are passed from
parent to offspring

or

=
or

The study of heredity started

with the work of Gregor Mendel and his
pea plant garden

Mendel was an Austrian Monk that lived

in the mid 1800s

Mendel noted that the size of pea

plants varied. He cross-bred these
pea plants to find some surprising
results.

Mendels cross between tall pea plants yielded all

tall pea plants. His cross between small pea plants
yielded all small pea plants.
X

Mendels cross between tall pea plants and small pea

plants yielded all tall pea plants.

Mendel then crossed these second generation tall pea

plants and ended up with 1 out 4 being small.

Mendels work led him to the understanding

that traits such as plant height are carried in
pairs of information not by single sets of
information.

-Carrying the information are chromosomes.

-Chromosomes are made up of sections
called genes.
-Genes are made up of DNA

DNA
D.N.A. - Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Molecule made of:
1. Deoxy Sugar
2. Combination of four nitrogen bases
Either: a. Guanine
b. Cytocine
c. Thymine
d. Adenine
The sum total of combinations that these
four bases are capable of creating are
greater than all the stars visible in the night
time sky

DNA
Cell

DNA resides in all cells

Inside the nucleus

Each strand forms a chromosome

Nucleus
DNA

DNA
DNA is found in all living cells
It controls all functions
inside a cell
It stores all the genetic
information for an entire
living organism
Single cell like an amoeba
Multi cell like a human

Genetics
Small sections of DNA are responsible for a
trait. These small sections are called
Genes.
Gene - A segment of DNA that codes for a
specific trait
Trait - A characteristic an organism
can
pass on to its offspring
through
DNA
Gene

Genetics
Hair color is a perfect example of a
trait

Prince Charming
is blond

Snow White
has dark hair

What color hair

should their children
have? Make a
prediction.
We will give an answer
to this question soon