MANET Networks Protocols PDF

OPNET Technologies, Inc.
HOW TO: Design Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

and Protocols
January 23, 2007
Best Practice Approaches for Accelerating Network R&D
OPNET Confidential Not for release to third parties
2006 OPNET Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. OPNET and OPNET product names are trademarks of OPNET Technologies, Inc.
About OPNET Technologies, Inc.

Corporate Overview
Founded in 1986
Publicly traded (NASDAQ: OPNT)
HQ in Bethesda MD
460 employees
Worldwide presence through direct offices and channel partners
Cisco worldwide OEM
Best-in-class Software and Services
Application Performance Management

Network Operations
Capacity Planning and Design
Network R&D
Strong Financial Track Record
In Recognition of
Visionary use of
Information
Technology
Long history of profitability

Revenues of $88M as of Q4 2006
Approximately 25% of revenue re-invested in R&D
Broad Customer Base
Network World
Top 200
Corporate Enterprises
Government Agencies/DoD
Service Providers
R&D Organizations
OPNET Confidential Not for release to third parties 2006 OPNET Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. OPNET and OPNET product names are trademarks of OPNET Technologies, Inc.
Online Technology Workshop

AGENDA
HOW TO: Design Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and Protocols
Best Practice Approaches for Accelerating Network R&D
Learn how to:
Evaluate the performance of networks applying different MANET design
parameters
Incorporate OPNET models for OLSR, OSPFv3, DSR, and AODV into
MANET studies
Leverage an open MANET framework to interface MANET routing models
with IPv4, IPv6, WLAN, and more
MANET Capabilities in OPNET

MANET routing protocols
AODV
DSR
OLSR
OSPFv3
TORA
Environment
Embedded in routers, workstations and server nodes
Open source for adding new MANET protocols and customizing existing protocols
Interface to IP
MANET protocols use IPs
Addressing
Forwarding capabilities
OPNETs IP is dual-stack capable (IPv4 and IPv6)

All MANET routing protocols support both IPv4 and IPv6
MANET Capabilities in OPNET (cont.)

Wireless Capabilities
Abstracted from wireless MAC layer
OPNET MANET nodes use 802.11x for wireless MAC
802.11a, 11b, 11e. 11g
Can take advantage of wireless module capabilities

Terrain
Wireless domain
Antenna
Pipelines
Trajectories
Random mobility
Connectivity with the wired network
Analysis Tools
Statistics, diagnostics and reports are available
Route-tracing and animation
Performance Benchmark
72 hours simulated, MANET routing, terrain,
mobility
Real-time w/ 5000 nodes, low traffic
100X real-time w/ 50 nodes, heavy traffic
5X real-time w/ 1000 nodes, medium traffic
OPNET platform for discrete event simulation
OPNET wireless acceleration techniques
Confirmed on COTS Windows/Intel + port to Linux/PPC
(Routing protocol: AODV)
Discrete Event Simulation Kernel Performance
OPNET Discrete Event Simulation Kernel Performance

(11.5 vs 12.0)
2500000
1.8
54%
1.6
33%
1.4
18%
1.2
1500000
11.5 events/sec
12.0 events/sec
Speedup factor
1000000
0.8
0.6
0.4
500000
0.2
0
0
Wireline packet transmission
Wireless packet broadcast
Node movement along trajectories
Performance of specific kernel computations enhanced for 12.0
Speedup Factor
Events Per Sec
2000000
Discrete Event Simulation Model Performance

OPNET Discrete Event Simulation Model Performance
(11.5 vs 12.0)
11.5 execution time
250
12.0 execution time
633%
Speedup factor
200
150
295%
100
295%
220%
50
0
AODV
BGP
OLSR
OSPFv3
Performance of specific protocol models enhanced for 12.0, 100-200 nodes per model
Speedup Factor
Execution Time (secs)
Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR)

Model Features
Neighbor detection
MPR selection
Topology discovery
Routing table computation
IPv4 / IPv6 support
Uses IP common route table
Debugging and Simulation Tracing
Can be configured on
MANET stations
WLAN workstations and servers
Routers (with single/multiple WLAN interfaces)
Referenced RFC 3626
AODV Model Features
Route discovery
Hello messages
Route maintenance
Gratuitous reply
Local repair
Expanding ring search
IPv4 / IPv6 support
Uses IP common route table
Debugging and Simulation Tracing
MANET stations
Routers (with single/multiple WLAN interfaces)
Referenced RFC 3561
DSR Model Features
Route Discovery
Route Maintenance
Route Cache
Replying to route requests using cached routes
Non-propagating route request
Packet Salvaging
Automatic Route Shortening
IPv4 / IPv6 support
MANET stations
Referenced DSR Internet Draft (February 24, 2003)
OSPFv3 Model Features
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

Link state routing
Equal cost/Multi-path routing
Hello protocol
Multiple OSPF Areas
Route Redistribution
Designated Router Election
Support for MANET Designated Routers
MANET stations
Referenced RFC 2740
Help Documents and Links

Model User Guide in OPNET documentation
AODV Model User Guide
DSR Model User Guide
OLSR Model User Guide
OSPF Model User Guide
Example networks
MANET example project (under <models/std/example_networks>)
OPNETWORK 2006 Sessions

1345 Planning and Analyzing Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks
1527 Accelerating Wireless Simulations Using Scalability Techniques
1816 Introduction to WiFi
1820 Introduction to MANET
1829 Advanced Topics in MANET--Multicast, QoS, and Security
1941 Understanding MANET Model Internals and Interfaces
Note: OPNETWORK proceedings can be accessed through
www.opnet.com/opnetwork/
Getting More Information

Upcoming Conferences
AFCEA West 2007: San Diego, Jan 31 Feb 2
IPv6 Summit: Reston, March 27-29
23rd National Space Symposium: Colorado Springs, April 9-12
ITEC: Cologne, Germany, April 24-26
http://www.opnet.com/news/events/conferences.html
Upcoming Online Tech Workshops in Designing and Analyzing Mobile Ad

Hoc Networks series
HOW TO: Model and Simulate Wireless Propagation Incorporating Environmental
Effects: Jan 30
HOW TO: Enhance Mobile Ad Hoc Network Planning with OPNET's 3D Network
Visualizer: Feb 6
http://www.opnet.com/TechWorkshops/
For Additional Information:

Visit OPNETs website at www.opnet.com
Email info@opnet.com
Call: (240) - 497- 3000
OPNET Technologies, Inc.
Appendix
OPNET Confidential Not for release to third parties

2006 OPNET Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. OPNET and OPNET product names are trademarks of OPNET Technologies, Inc.
Randomly placing n nodes in network

Create new scenario with specific size
Choose Topology Rapid Configuration
Configuration: Unconnected Net
Rapid Configuration: Example
Configuring MANET Protocol

Three ways to configure MANET routing protocol
On individual end-stations
Edit-Attributes AD-HOC Routing Parameters AD-HOC Routing
Protocol
Individual interfaces of routers

Edit-Attributes IP Routing Parameters Interface Information
Routing Protocol(s)
All interfaces in the scenario

IP Dynamic Routing Protocol (global attribute)
Global assignment that ignores configuration on individual interfaces
Configuring MANET Routing Protocol
Statistics
MANET Architecture
3
Topology/ Route
Discovery
Application
MANET Routing Protocol
Populates IP
Forwarding Table
IP
IP lookup for
forwarding
Maintains
Lower layer
Maintains
protocol specific
routing table
IP Forwarding
Table
Data Traffic
Model Architecture (OLSR)
manet_rte_mgr
child process
OLSR
NOTE: OLSR sits over UDP
Model Architecture (AODV, DSR, TORA)
ip_dispatch
child process
manet_mgr
child process
DSR
AODV
TORA/IMEP
OLSR Model Files
olsr_rte.pr.m
olsr_rte.pr.m (main process model)

Generates/processes OLSR control packets
Maintains OLSR tables and updates IP common routing table
olsr.h defines OLSR table structures

olsr_pkt_support.h defines OLSR packet formats
olsr_support.h/ex.c defines OLSR support functions
OLSR Tables
Periodic Hello Msg with Neighbor interface info
Link Set
Table
Nbr Set
Table
2-hop nbr
set Table
MPR Selector
Set Table
TC message
Topology set
Table
MPR set
Table
Routing Table Re-calculation
Packet Flow - OLSR

Application layer
UDP
manet_rte_mgr
Control Packet
from / to Olsr
Control Packet
olsr
IP routing process
Control Packet
from / to lower
layer
Data packet processed

by IP Forwarding Table
Data Packet
MAC/physical layer
Configuring AODV
AODV Model Files

Process model (<opnet_dir>/std/manet)
aodv_rte
Generates/processes AODV control packets
Maintains AODV routing tables and updates IP common routing table
Header files (<opnet_dir>/std/include)

aodv.h - Defines constants, data structure for route, request & connectivity tables
aodv_pkt_support.h - Defines packet type and structures (rreq, rrep, rerr)
aodv_ptypes.h - Function prototypes for external files
External Source: C code (<opnet_dir>/std/manet)

aodv_pkt_queue.ex.c
aodv_pkt_support.ex.c
aodv_request_table.ex.c
aodv_route_table.ex.c
aodv_support.ex.c
Data Traffic Packet Flow - AODV

Data packet from application layer
Application layer
IP
Packet from
upper layer (1)
ip_dispatch
Packet from
MANET (7)
IP routing process
Packet to IP
routing
process (6)
Packet to
MANET (4)
manet_mgr
Processing
(2)
output interface
(5)
dsr
tora
aodv
Route discovery
Packet to lower
layer (3)
MAC/physical layer
Legends
(2) (3): Pkt for
forwarding
(4) (7): Pkt with no
route to forward
Data Traffic Packet Flow - AODV

Data packet from lower layer
Application layer
Packet to upper
layer (5)
IP
ip_dispatch
Packet from
MANET (9)
Packet to upper
layer (4)
Packet to IP
routing
process (8)
Packet to
MANET (6)
IP routing process
manet_mgr
Processing
(2)
Packet from
lower layer
output interface
(7)
dsr
(1)
tora
aodv
Route discovery
Packet to lower
layer (3)
Legends
(2) (3): Pkt for
forwarding
(4) (5): Pkt destined
for this node
(6) (9): Pkt with no
route to forward
MAC/physical layer
AODV Control Packet Flow

Application layer
IP
ip_dispatch
Packet to IP
routing
process
Packet
from
MANET Packet to
IP routing process
Packet from
lower layer
MANET
output interface
manet_mgr
dsr
tora
aodv
Packet to lower
layer
MAC/physical layer
Configuring DSR
DSR Model Files

Process model (<opnet_dir>/std/manet)
dsr_rte
Generates / processes DSR control packets
Maintain DSR routing tables
Processes / forwards data packets
Header files (<opnet_dir>/std/include)

dsr.h - Defines constants, data structure for route cache, send buffer,
maintenance buffer
dsr_pkt_support.h - Defines packet types and structures (rreq, rrep,
rerr)
dsr_ptypes.h - Function prototypes for external files
External Source: C code (<opnet_dir>/std/manet)

dsr_maintenance_buffer.ex.c
dsr_route_cache.ex.c
dsr_route_discovery.ex.c
dsr_send_buffer.ex.c
dsr_support.ex.c
dsr_pkt-support.ex.c
dsr_notif_log_support.ex.c

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OPNET Technologies, Inc.

HOW TO: Design Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

About OPNET Technologies, Inc.

Best-in-class Software and Services

Application Performance Management

Strong Financial Track Record

Long history of profitability

Broad Customer Base

Online Technology Workshop

MANET Capabilities in OPNET

OPNETs IP is dual-stack capable (IPv4 and IPv6)

MANET Capabilities in OPNET (cont.)

Can take advantage of wireless module capabilities

Connectivity with the wired network

Discrete Event Simulation Kernel Performance

OPNET Discrete Event Simulation Kernel Performance

Wireless packet broadcast

Node movement along trajectories

Performance of specific kernel computations enhanced for 12.0

Events Per Sec

Discrete Event Simulation Model Performance

12.0 execution time

Execution Time (secs)

Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR)

Referenced RFC 3626

AODV Model Features

Referenced RFC 3561

DSR Model Features

Referenced DSR Internet Draft (February 24, 2003)

OSPFv3 Model Features

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

Referenced RFC 2740

Help Documents and Links

OPNETWORK 2006 Sessions

Getting More Information

Upcoming Online Tech Workshops in Designing and Analyzing Mobile Ad

For Additional Information:

OPNET Technologies, Inc.

OPNET Confidential Not for release to third parties

Randomly placing n nodes in network

Rapid Configuration: Example

Configuring MANET Protocol

Individual interfaces of routers

All interfaces in the scenario

Configuring MANET Routing Protocol

MANET Routing Protocol

Model Architecture (OLSR)

Model Architecture (AODV, DSR, TORA)

OLSR Model Files

olsr_rte.pr.m (main process model)

olsr.h defines OLSR table structures

Routing Table Re-calculation

Packet Flow - OLSR

Data packet processed

AODV Model Files

Header files (<opnet_dir>/std/include)

External Source: C code (<opnet_dir>/std/manet)

Data Traffic Packet Flow - AODV

Data Traffic Packet Flow - AODV

AODV Control Packet Flow

DSR Model Files

Header files (<opnet_dir>/std/include)

External Source: C code (<opnet_dir>/std/manet)