Form 4: Chapter 1 (Functions)

SPM Practice
Fully Worked Solutions
Paper 1
1 Based on the given ordered pairs {(2, 1), (4, 3),
(6, 5), (6, 7)}, an arrow diagram can be drawn as
shown below.

(a) The range is {3, 7}.

Q
P

(b) The above relation is a many-to-one

relation.

(a) The image of 2 is 1.

(b) The object of 7 is 6.

Let h1(x) = y

h(y) = x
2y + m = x
xm

y=
2
xm x m
1
h (x) =
=
2
2 2

3
But it is given that h1(x) = 3kx + .
2
Hence, by comparison,
1
1
3k = k = and
2
6
m 3
= m = 3.
2 2

(b) hg(x)
= h(4x 1)

= (4x 1)2 3(4x 1) + 5

= 16x 2 8x + 1 12x + 3 + 5
= 16x 2 20x + 9
Set P

9
28
49

Element 7 in the codomain is

linked to two elements, i.e. 28
and 49 in the domain. Therefore,
it is a many-to-one relation.

4 h : x 2x + m
h(x) = 2x + m

2 (a) Let g1(7) = y

Thus, g(y) = 7

4y 1 = 7

4y = 8

y=2

g1(7) = 2

3 and 7 are linked to object(s) but 5

and 11 are not linked to any object.
Therefore, the range is {3, 7}.

Set Q

5 (a) hg(x) = 6x 2

h[g(x)] = 6x 2
3g(x) + 1 = 6x 2

3g(x) = 6x 3

g(x) = 2x 1

3
5
7
11

It is given that h(x) = 3x + 1.

Hence, h[g(x)] = 3g(x) + 1.

 8 Let n1(x) = y

n(y) = x
4y 1 = x

4y = x + 1
x+1

y=
4
x
+
1
n1(x) =
4
x+1
mn1(x) = m
4

(b) gh(x) = g(3x + 1)

= 2(3x + 1) 1
= 6x + 1
1
When gh(x) = ,
3
1
6x + 1 =
3
18x + 3 = 1
18x = 2
1

x=
9

6 (a) From the given arrow diagram,

f(2) = 5. Hence, f 1(5) = 2.

(b) gf(2) = 3

3
x+1
8
5
4

3
3
,x
2x 3
2

9 (a) The relation between set P and set Q is a

many-to-one relation.

This is a composite function gf(x)

which maps x directly onto z.

(b) The relation can be represented by

f(x) = x4.
Function notation

7 (a) Let w (x) = z

w(z) = x
6
=x

3 2z
1

10 m (2) = 7
2h
=7

h
2 h = 7h
8h = 2
1
h =
4

Change the subject of the

formula to z.

6 = x(3 2z)

6 = 3x 2xz
2xz = 3x 6
3x 6
z =
2x
3x 6
1

w (x) =
,x0
2x
5
(b) w1h
2
5
= w1 2 + 3
2
1
= w (2)
3(2) 6
=
2(2)
= 3

11 (a) k = 9
(b) The relation can be represented by
f(x) = x 1.
Function notation

12 f(x) = 9

|x 4| = 9
x 4 = 9
x 4 = 9 or x 4 = 9
x = 13 or x = 5

 13 g 2 (x) = gg(x)

= g(px + q)

= p(px + q) + q

= p2x + pq + q

16 (a) f(6) = 6 + 4
= 10
(b) gf(6) = 24
g(10) = 24
10t 6 = 24
10t = 30
t = 3

But it is given that

g 2 (x) = 49x 32.
Hence, by comparison,
p2 = 49

p = 7 (p > 0)

17 (a) The object of 2 is 6.

(b) The range is {1, 2, 3}.

pq + q = 32
7q + q = 32
8q = 32

q = 4

18 (a) fg(3) = 4(3) + 8 = 20

(b)
fg(x) = 4x + 8
2g(x) + 6 = 4x + 8

2g(x) = 4x + 2

g(x) = 2x + 1

14 (a) f(x) = 0

|2x 3| = 0
2x 3 = 0
3
x =
2
3
k =
2

19 (a) f(5) = 5 + 3 = 8
(b) Let f 1(x) = y

f(y) = x

y+3=x

y=x3

f 1(x) = x 3

(b) f(4) = |2(4) 3|

= |5|

=5

The range of f(x) is
0 f (x) 5.

15 (a) Let g1 (6) = y

g(y) = 6
3y + 2 = 6
3y = 4
4

y=
3
4
g1 (6) =
3

(b)
hg(x) = h(3x + 2)

= (3x + 2)2 2(3x + 2) + 5

= 9x2 + 12x + 4 6x 4 + 5
= 9x2 + 6x + 5

2f 1(k) = f(5)
2(k 3) = 8
k3=4
k=7

Paper 2
1 (a) f : x 2x 3
f(x) = 2x 3

(b) hg : x 2x + 4
hg(x) = 2x + 4
x
h + 2 = 2x + 4
2

Let
f 1(x) = y
f(y) = x
2y 3 = x
x+3
y =
2
x+3
1
f (x) =
2

x
+2=u
2
x

=u2
2
x = 2u 4

2 + 2 + 3
=
2

x+4+6
2
=
2

x + 10
4

f 1 g : x

Let

h(u) = 2(2u 4) + 4

= 4u 8 + 4

= 4u 4
h : x 4x 4

f 1g(x)
x
= f 1 + 2
2

x + 10
4