Find the passive earth pressure at all stages.

1
Pa1 ka 1h1 h1
2
Here, ka is active earth pressure , 1 is unit weight of soil, and h is height.
1
ka 1h1 h1
2
1 1 sin

1h1 h1
2 1 sin

Pa1

1 1 sin 32

17.5 1.5 1.5
2 1 sin 32
6.044 kN/m
Pa2 ka 2 1h1 h2
1 sin 32
17.5 1.5 5
1 sin 32
40.29 kN/m

1
ka 2 h2 h2
2
1 1 sin

sub w 5 5
2 1 sin

Pa3

1 1 sin 32

20 10 5 5
2 1 sin 32
38.375 kN/m
1
kaw w h2 h2
2
1 1 sin 0

10 5 5
2 1 sin 0
125 kN/m

Pa4

1
ka 2 2 h3 h3
2
1 1 sin 32

10 1 1
2 1 sin 32
1.535 kN/m

Pa5

1
kaw w h3 h3
2
1
1 10 1 1
2
5 kN/m

Pa6

Find the centre of gravity of retaining wall.

1.5

5
6.044 3 5 1 40.29 1 2 38.315 1 3

125 1 5 1.535 1 5 1

3
3
y
6.044 40.29 38.375 125 1.535 5
2.8585 m fom bottom
Find the restoring moment for each stage.
1

MR1 25 1.5 5 1m run 1

2

243.75 kNm
4 1

MR2 25 1 4 1m run
312.5 kNm

MR3 17.5 1.5 3 1m run 1 1

2

275.6 kNm
3

MR4 20 10 5 3 1m run 1 1
2

525 kNm
3

MR4 10 5 3 1m run 1 1
2

525 kNm
Find the factor of safety against overturning using the formula.
MR
FOS
MO
Restoring moment

Overtuning moment

FOS

MR1 MR2 MR3 MR4 MR5

1.5

6.044 3 5 1 40.29 1 2 38.315

125 1 5 1.535 1 5 1

3
3
243.75 312.5 275.6 525 525

1.5

6.044 3 5 1 40.29 1 2 38.315

125 1 5 1.535 1 5 1

3
3
3.044
; 3

Find the factor of safety against sliding using the formula.

Frictional force
FOS
Passive pressure
F
f
Pa

FOS

V
Pa

V
Total Pa

0.5 162.5 125 78.75 150 150

216.244
1.541
; 1.5

Thus, the factor of safety against overturning is 3 .

Thus, the factor of safety against sliding is 1.5 .

5
1
3

5
1
3