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14F Syllabus
14F Syllabus
Instructors:
Class Time:
Sec A: TTh 8:00 - 9:20 am*, RH108; * unless indicated otherwise on p. 5/8
Sec B: TTh 12:30 - 1:50 pm*, DBH 1300, unless indicated otherwise on p. 5/8
MW 1:00 - 4:50 pm*, ET 809, 821; * unless indicated otherwise on p. 5/8
Laboratory Time
One method in which to analyze and test chemical process systems is to perform
experimental work. In this class you will develop the capacity to collect, analyze
and present data obtained within well-defined experimental systems. The
specific objectives are to: (a) combine elements of theory and practice; (b)
develop competence in conducting experimental work; (c) acquire a hands-on
laboratory experience; (d) receive instruction in laboratory safety procedures; (e)
develop and demonstrate a knowledge of experimental error analysis, probability
and statistics; (f) develop written and oral communication skills; (g) work
collaboratively within a group setting; (h) develop skills in handling,
manipulating and understanding basic engineering machinery; (i) develop skills
to plan laboratory experiments. The capacity to safely collect, rigorously analyze
and accurately present experimental data is pertinent to all areas of chemical
engineering including petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, material
processing, and environmental engineering.
Course Outcomes:
Students will (1) collect experimental data and analyze its relationship to
theoretical principles in topics including: (a) fluid flow through pipes and pipe
fittings, and pipe networks; (b) motion of particles in fluids; (c) thermal diffusion
and contact resistance in solid conductors and insulators; (d) convective heat
transfer from heated surfaces and heat exchangers; (e) rate limited processes such
as aeration of a liquid; (f) industrial processes such as mixing. (2) Conduct
laboratory experiments safely. (3) Prepare professional reports that describe the
problem under considerations, experimental materials and methods, experimental
results, analysis and discussion. (4) Prepare and deliver effective oral
presentations that summarize experimental findings and supporting theoretical
analysis. (5) Develop skills in handling basic engineering machinery and
measurement devices.
Prerequisites:
Computer Usage:
Computer literacy and basic skills are required for performing data analysis and
preparing the laboratory reports.
Grading:
Laboratory Reports:
Laboratory Quizzes:
Oral Report:
Instructor Discretion
Academic Honesty:
Prepared by:
60 %
10 %
20 %
10 %
5. Aeration (ET821)
The purpose of this aeration unit is to permit study of the oxygen transfer characteristics of diffused
air systems and the physical and chemical parameters that influence their oxygenation capacity. These
studies are a necessary prelude to understanding of the biological treatment of wastewater.
Section A GroupAssignmentsofLaboratoryProjects
Project 1.
Project 2.
Project 3a.
Project 3b.
Project 4a.
Project 4b.
Project 5.
Project 6.
Project 7.
Project 8.
Head Loss in Pipes and Head Loss due to Pipe Fittings (Welty, Wicks & Wilson: Ch. 14)
Pipe Networks (Welty, Wicks & Wilson: Ch. 14)
Particle Drag Coefficients (Welty, Wicks & Wilson: Ch. 12)
Fixed and Fluidized Beds (DeNevers: Chapter 11)
Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger (Welty, Wicks & Wilson: Ch. 22)
Free and Forced Convection (Welty, Wicks & Wilson: Ch. 19,20)
Aeration
Fluid Mixing (DeNevers: Chapter 19)
Linear and Radial Heat Conduction (Welty, Wicks & Wilson: Ch. 17,18)
Gas and Liquid Diffusion (Welty, Wicks & Wilson: Ch. 24,25)
Group Members
Kwolec 1:
Kwolec 2:
Ronny GUTIERREZ, Nick KURTZ, Bryce LOOP, Anita TRAN, Paul TRAVERSO
Kwolec 3:
Gibbs 1:
Gibbs 2:
Gibbs 3:
Schedule
Exp 1
Exp 2
Exp 3
Exp 4
Kwolec 1
P1
P3
P5
P7
Kwolec 2
P2
P4
P6
P8
Kwolec 3
P3
P5
P7
P1
Gibbs 1
P5
P7
P1
P3
Gibbs 2
P6
P8
P2
P4
Gibbs 3
P7
P1
P3
P5
Class Schedule Section A: Q: PreLab Quiz; OP: Oral Presentation; LR: Lab Report Due
Month Day
Oct
02 Th
06 Mo
07 Tu
08 We
09 Th
13 Mo
14 Tu
15 We
16 Th
20 Mo
21 Tu
22 We
23 Th
27 Mo
28 Tu
29 We
30 Th
Nov
03 Mo
04 Tu
05 We
06 Th
10 Mo
11 Tu
12 We
13 Th
17 Mo
18 Tu
19 We
20 Th
24 Mo
25 Tu
26 We
27 Th
Dec
01 Mo
02 Tu
03 We
04 Th
08 Mo
09 Tu
10 We
11 Th
15 Mo
16 Tu
17 We
18 Th
Topic
Lecture: Course Introduction
Experiment 1a, Group KWOLEC
Lecture: Preparation of Lab Reports
Experiment 1b, Group KWOLEC
Lecture: Technical Writing
Experiment 1a, Group GIBBS
Lecture: Data Analysis
Experiment 1b, Group GIBBS
Lecture: Preparation of Oral Presentations
Experiment 2a, Group KWOLEC
Oral Presentations 1a, Group KWOLEC
Experiment 2b, Group KWOLEC
Oral Presentation 1b, Group KWOLEC
Experiment 2a, Group GIBBS
GIBBS Lab Reports Due, NO CLASS!
Experiment 2b, Group GIBBS
Oral Presentation 1, Group GIBBS
Experiment 3a, Group KWOLEC
Oral Presentations 2a, Group KWOLEC
Experiment 3b, Group KWOLEC
Oral Presentation 2b, Group KWOLEC
Experiment 3a, Group GIBBS
Veterans Day Holiday
Experiment 3b, Group GIBBS
Oral Presentation 2, Group GIBBS
Experiment 4a, Group KWOLEC
KWOLEC Lab Reports Due, NO CLASS!
Experiment 4b, Group KWOLEC
Oral Presentations 3, Group KWOLEC
Experiment 4a, Group GIBBS
Oral Presentation 3a, Group GIBBS
Experiment 4b, Group GIBBS
Thanksgiving Holiday
Oral Presentation 3b, Group GIBBS
Oral Presentations 4, Group KWOLEC
Remarks
Q1 KWOLEC
Q1 GIBBS
Q2 KWOLEC
LR1 KWOLEC, OP1a KWOLEC
OP1b KWOLEC
Q2 GIBBS
LR1 GIBBS
OP1 GIBBS
Q3 KWOLEC
LR2 KWOLEC, OP2a KWOLEC
OP2b KWOLEC
Q3 GIBBS
OP4b GIBBS
SectionBGroupAssignmentsofLaboratoryProjects
Project 1.
Project 2.
Project 3a.
Project 3b.
Project 4a.
Project 4b.
Project 5.
Project 6.
Project 7.
Project 8.
Head Loss in Pipes and Head Loss due to Pipe Fittings (Welty, Wicks & Wilson: Ch. 14)
Pipe Networks (Welty, Wicks & Wilson: Ch. 14)
Particle Drag Coefficients (Welty, Wicks & Wilson: Ch. 12)
Fixed and Fluidized Beds (DeNevers: Chapter 11)
Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger (Welty, Wicks & Wilson: Ch. 22)
Free and Forced Convection (Welty, Wicks & Wilson: Ch. 19,20)
Aeration
Fluid Mixing (DeNevers: Chapter 19)
Linear and Radial Heat Conduction (Welty, Wicks & Wilson: Ch. 17,18)
Gas and Liquid Diffusion (Welty, Wicks & Wilson: Ch. 24,25)
Group Members
Curie 1
Curie 2
Curie 3
Curie 4
Gary CHANG, Garrett CHOW, Jacob FENSTER, Derek HUANG, Anthony TONG
Daniel
PALUMBO,
Koorosh
Exp 2
Exp 3
Exp 4
Curie 1
P5
P7
P1
P3
Curie 2
P6
P8
P2
P4
Curie 3
P7
P1
P3
P5
Curie 4
P8
P2
P4
P6
Schmidt 1
P1
P3
P5
P7
Schmidt 2
P2
P4
P6
P8
Schmidt 3
P4
P6
P8
P2
Class Schedule Section B: Q: PreLab Quiz; OP: Oral Presentation; LR: Lab Report Due
Remarks
Month Day
Topic
Oct
02 Th Lecture: Course Introduction
06 Mo Experiment 1a, Group CURIE
Q1 CURIE
07 Tu Lecture: Preparation of Lab Reports
08 We Experiment 1b, Group CURIE
09 Th Lecture: Technical Writing
13 Mo Experiment 1a, Group SCHMIDT
Q1 SCHMIDT
14 Tu Lecture: Data Analysis
15 We Experiment 1b, Group SCHMIDT
16 Th Lecture : Preparation of Oral Presentations
20 Mo Experiment 2a, Group CURIE
Q2 CURIE
21 Tu Oral Presentations 1a, Group CURIE
LR1 CURIE, OP1a CURIE
22 We Experiment 2b, Group CURIE
23 Th Oral Presentation 1b, Group CURIE
OP1b CURIE
27 Mo Experiment 2a, Group SCHMIDT
Q2 SCHMIDT
28 Tu Oral Presentation 1a, Group SCHMIDT
LR1 SCHMIDT, OP1a SCHMIDT
29 We Experiment 2b, Group SCHMIDT
30 Th Oral Presentation 1b, Group SCHMIDT
OP1b SCHMIDT
Nov
03 Mo Experiment 3a, Group CURIE
Q3 CURIE
04 Tu Oral Presentations 2a, Group CURIE
LR2 CURIE, OP2a CURIE
05 We Experiment 3b, Group CURIE
06 Th Oral Presentation 2b, Group CURIE
OP2b CURIE
10 Mo Experiment 3a, Group SCHMIDT
Q3 SCHMIDT
11 Tu Veterans Day Holiday
12 We Experiment 3b, Group SCHMIDT
13 Th Oral Presentation 2a, Group SCHMIDT
LR2 SCHMIDT, OP2a SCHMIDT
17 Mo Experiment 4a, Group CURIE
Q4 CURIE
18 Tu Oral Presentation 2b, Group SCHMIDT
OP2b SCHMIDT, LR3 CURIE
19 We Experiment 4b, Group CURIE
20 Th Oral Presentations 3a, Group CURIE
OP3a CURIE
24 Mo Experiment 4a, Group SCHMIDT
Q4 SCHMIDT
25 Tu Oral Presentation 3b, Group CURIE
OP3b CURIE, LR3 SCHMIDT
26 We Experiment 4b, Group SCHMIDT
27 Th Thanksgiving Holiday
Dec
01 Mo
02 Tu Oral Presentation 3, Group SCHMIDT
OP3 SCHMIDT, LR4 CURIE
03 We
04 Th NO CLASS!!
08 Mo
09 Tu Oral Presentations 4a, Group CURIE
OP4a CURIE, LR4 SCHMIDT
10 We
11 Th Oral Presentations 4b, Group CURIE,
OP4b CURIE
15 Mo
16 Tu
17 We
19 Fr Oral Presentations 4, Group SCHMIDT
10:30 12:30, DBH 1300
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Attendance
You must be in the lab for the entire lab period. If you have finished your experiment, you can use the
time to collect additional data points, repeat the experiment to examine whether your results are
reproducible, and/or analyze your data. If you are going to be absent from an entire lab or a portion of a
lab and you have a valid excuse, you must inform both your lab partners and your instructor. Failure to
follow this procedure will result in a grade of zero for the lab you miss.
Group Assignment
Where possible, groups of four students will be formed. To clearly delineate responsibility for each
experiment, the group will designate one person from the group as a group leader. This position is a
rotating responsibility, with one person holding the title for each assigned experiment. Every member of
the group shall hold this position at least once during the quarter, and the number of times each group
member is assigned this task is a function of the number of experiments assigned during the quarter and
the number of persons in the group.
The group leader's responsibility is to assign the tasks associated with a particular experiment to the group
members. This includes such items as data taking, equipment operations, calculations, drawings,
responsibility for report sections, etc. The setting deadlines, overall coordination, report assemblage, etc.,
should be the responsibility of the group leader. The group leader presents the oral report.
Laboratory Notebook
Every lab group must have a lab notebook. During each lab make notes of everything you are doing and
every measurement you have made. Your lab notes will be evaluated; therefore, make sure that they are
legible and understandable. At the top of each page put the date, experiment name, and any other useful
data. When you finish a page, sign your name and the date at the end of your data. Ask one of the lab
assistants to initial each page of your laboratory notebook just before the end of the laboratory period.
Pre-Lab Quiz (Written)
You must come to the lab prepared to work effectively, safely, and efficiently. No group will be allowed to
operate any equipment until its members have been quizzed by the instructors and have demonstrated
familiarity with the experimental theory and procedure. The following points will be questioned:
List the independent and dependent variables relevant to your project.
How will independent variables be controlled?
What range of independent variables will you study?
How will you measure independent and dependent variables?
List all other data to be taken.
How do you plan to analyze your data? What theoretical model is the analysis based upon? What
does the literature tell you?
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http://www.writing.engr.psu.edu/workbooks/laboratory.html
Purdue:
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/647/01/
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alone fashion and assumed to suffice in terms of presentation of the results. All graphs and tables must be
introduced first in the main text followed by a description of the salient features/characteristics of the
results shown.
Conclusions: A section that contains key qualitative conclusions and quantitative arrived at from the
analysis of the data. It should be short, and parallel the section on objectives. The reader should have a
clear picture of the work done and the results. There should be no discussion in this section.
References: A listing of all the published pertinent reference sources consulted by the students that is
pertinent to the material presented in the report.
Appendix: Included in this section is material that was used in the experiment but may not have been
obtained from experimentation, such as calibration curves, data, etc., which were provided by the
instructor or obtained from published sources. In addition, any computer programs used for data analysis
and whose results are included in the report should be in this section.
The appendix should include the following:
1. Experimental Data: All raw data, tabulated numerical results, and any graphical presentations
directly obtained from the experimental data should be presented in this section. Include recorder
chart paper, if any.
2.
Sample Calculations: This section contains a detailed calculation illustrating the procedure
followed in converting the data from raw information to the desired numerical results.
3. Tables: Any table of calculated values beginning with raw data not included in Discussion of
Results. Any tabular information necessary to present key results/analysis of your experiment should
be presented in the main body of the report.
4. Graphs: Any graphs that were developed from the raw data and not included in the Discussion of
Results. This section should also contain any calibrations graphs. Any graphical information
necessary to present key results/analysis of your experiment should be presented in the main body of
the report.
5. Computer Data: This section should include computer programs (listing), documentations (for
packaged programs) and computer outputs.
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2.
Number all figures and tables. The figures and tables should be numbered sequentially throughout
the entire lab report in the order in which they appear
3.
Each figure must have a caption that appears below the figure itself. The caption should provide a
figure title and description. Figures should not have a separate title shown outside of the caption.
4.
Each table must have a caption that appears above the table itself. The caption should provide a table
title and description. Tables should not have a separate title shown outside of the caption.
5.
Each figure and table appearing in the report must be mentioned in an accompanying paragraph in
the main text. Unreferenced figures or tables are unacceptable.
6.
7.
Use different line types or plotting symbols to denote different curves in a figure.
8.
Plotted experimental data should be shown as symbols on the graph that can optionally connected
with straight-line segments to denote any important trends. By contrast, theoretical predictions
should be shown as continuous curves without any symbols shown.
9.
14
14. For this course please use the present tense throughout the report whenever possible as if the
laboratory action and calculations of the experimentalists are being performed when the document is
being read. Whenever possible, avoid using past or future verb tenses such as will or was. For
example The experimental plan is described in the following section is preferable to The
experimental plan will be described in the following section. However, the use of future or past
tense can be used for events that did or will take place in the past or future. For example: Osborne
Reynolds first elucidated the transition from laminar to turbulent flows in 1883. or The lab
manager will repair the distillation apparatus next week.
15. Avoid redundant expressions, for example do not write: The calculation of pressure is given in the
following calculation.
16. Avoid awkward expressions, for example do not write: The friction factor is adjusted by a
correcting variable that is multiplied to it. Write instead The friction factor is corrected through
multiplication by a variable.
17. Avoid informal, colloquial, or informal expressions. For example do not write: The value of the
friction factor is plugged into Eq. (1). Write instead: The value of the friction factor is substituted
into Eq. (1)
18.
Avoid wordy sentences. Separate long sentences into smaller sentences that are ordered in a logical
fashion.
19.
Avoid imprecise expressions that can be misinterpreted. For example, the following sentence is
imprecise because, contrary to the intention of the writer, it incorrectly implies that the equilibrium
line is not physically possible: The data are inconsistent because the operating line crosses the
equilibrium line which is physically impossible. Write instead: Since it is physically impossible for
the operating line and the equilibrium line to cross, we conclude that the data is inconsistent.
20. Whenever possible, avoid repetitive use of the pronoun we. Also avoid using the forms our and
us. Use we only in cases to claim responsibility for an important decision that your group made.
For example: We discarded the data from run I because the temperature in the system had not
reached steady state conditions. This statement emphasizes that the authors assume responsibility
for making the decision to ignore some of the collected data.
21. Handwritten corrections or special symbols can be included in your reports provided that the
annotation is done neatly in ink. It is also not necessary to type lengthy calculations: a neat
handwritten calculation written in pencil is acceptable.
22. Do not refer to an equation by its number before the equation has been introduced and numbered.
You can refer to equations by their numbers only in paragraphs that follow the appearance of the
numbered equation.
Standards for Graphs/Figures
1. All graphs drawn should look as if an engineer had done the work. It is suggested that you study the
graphs appearing in your textbooks and Chemical Engineering Progress
2. Select graph paper that is suitable for the job, both in sheet size and ruling. Computer-generated graphs
are also acceptable.
3. Standard engineering lettering (not script) should be used on all graphs.
4. Allow adequate margins with drawing coordinate axes.
5. Use suitable scales. Do not magnify one scale out of proportion with respect to the other coordinate.
As a very rough rule for showing one curve, try to have the curve around 45 degrees in slope.
6. Label all coordinates clearly outside of the scale figures. State the property being plotted and the units
being used. Tab marks should be spaced at regular intervals; about every inch on 8.5" 11" paper. Avoid
15
unusual scales on graphs, such as 3 units in two spaces, etc. It is important that each space be in terms of
1, 2, 4, or 5 units, or multiples thereof.
7. All graphs and figures must have captions placed below the figure. The caption should be brief and
should summarize the content of the figure. Do not have a title for your figures. All information should
be placed in the caption
8. Do not enclose your figures with a frame.
9. When two or more curves appear on the graph, different symbols should be used for each curve. A key
placed in the caption should be used to identify the different symbols or lines on the graph.
10. Most engineering graphs are presented as straight lines or smooth curves. Straight lines should be
used to connect raw data. Curves should only be used if a theoretical prediction is being plotted or a data
fit is being applied to the experimental results. Note, however, that with experimental data it is not
expected that the curve will pass through all, or even most, of the points.
11. When standard correlations or equations are shown on a graph every point on the curve is equally
weighed. Usually, the appropriate equation is given near the curve or in the caption.
Laboratory Report Grading
Report Section
Format
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Theory
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Appendix
Grammar
Total
Grade Allocation
5
10
10
10
10
15
15
5
10
10
100
16
Gw G p
2
The peer evaluation component will be carried out as follows. Each of you will be given a hypothetical
$100/person to spend on the salaries among the other individuals in the group based on their individual
input/contributions within the group.
You must spend all of the money allocated to you and you cannot
pay yourself. For example, if your group has four members, you will be given $300 to distribute. Thus,
$100 is the average total salary for any individual. The table below is an example in which there are four
people in the group:
Student
1
2
3
4
Total
Salary
from #1
100
100
100
300
Salary
from #2
100
150
50
300
Salary
from #3
100
125
75
300
Salary
from #4
75
100
125
300
Salary (S)
275
325
375
225
S
Gp Gw
Savg
,
whereSavgistheaveragesalaryor$100x(#members1)andtheindividualgradeisthen:
Gw
2
S
1
Savg .
In the example above, if the teams written lab report grade is 80, student #3s overall grade is then:
80
375
1
90
300
,
80
225
1
70
300
.
17
5
5
10
10
5
10
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
15
Total
100
Over the span of the quarter, all students should engage the speaker during the Q&A period. You should
state your name and group before asking questions. If you do not ask questions during the presentations,
you will not receive credit for class participation.
Suggested content of oral presentations
18
(1)
What was the objective of the experimental investigation? What was the experimental plan?
(2)
What was the experimental system? Show a schematic of the apparatus and describe its operation.
(3)
Describe the difficulties you encountered. How do you recommend overcoming these difficulties?
(4)
What measurements were or should be taken? What is the best range of operating variables?
(5)
How were the experimental data analyzed? What results were anticipated and actually obtained?
(6)
(7)
What are your conclusions? Do you have recommendations for improvements for the experiment
and analysis of the data?
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20