The schematic diagram of adaptor circuit is,

Transformer rating:
Step down transformer should be used. The 10:1 winding ratio can be applicable for this
project.
Primary voltage: 120 V-240 V,60 Hz,
Secondary voltage: 12V
Transformation ratio
E
k 2
E1
12
120
k 0.1

Diodes:
Two diodes are needed to convert AC to DC voltage.
Diode 1N4001 or 1N4007 can be used for this operation.
Because the output of the transformer is 12V(<50V)
Maximum current: 1A(refer 1N4001 datasheet)
Average current is depends on the temperature.
Voltage regulator:
Voltage regulator is used to regulate the voltage level to constant level.
LM7805 is used as 5V regulator.
The rating of the LM7805 is given as follows.
o Input voltage: 7V to 35V
o Maximum current rating: 1A
5V 4%
o Output voltage:

Filters:
The capacitive filters are used to reduce the ripple content.
The formula to find ripple factor is,
1
Y
4 3 fRC
1

4 3 60 RC

1
V
C
I c

4 3 60

12 2
C
3
500 10

4 3 60
7 105

Ripple factor for full wave rectifier is: 1.21

Hence, the capacitance value is
7 105
C1
1.21
0.5F

C2 0.01F refer datasheet of IC -1N7805

.
Hence, the regulated output voltage (5V) from the adaptor is obtained.
Load resistor:
5
500 mA
1k

RL

Capacitor value:
C2 0.01F refer datasheet of IC -1N7805