THE UNIVERSITY OF DA NANG

UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ADVANCED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

LABORATORY REPORT
DC POWER SUPPLY

PBL2
Instructor: Le Quoc Huy
Member : Phan Dinh Khanh - 123210085 (Leader)
Truong Phuoc Thinh - 123210126
Dang Van Minh - 123210119
Phung Do Anh Khoa - 123210116
Class : 21ES
Group :5
 Member’s Contribution

• Phan Dinh Khanh

Hand
• Phung Do Anh
Calculation Khoa

• Truong Phuoc
Simulation Thinh
• Dang Van Minh

Write report.
 1. Introduction:
DC power supply is one of the most important parts of electrical
equipment. It is responsible for converting the 220V AC grid into smaller
DC voltages such as 5V, 9V, 12V, 18V, 24V... to power electronic
devices. Among the first applications, 5V and 12V sources are the most
popular. The design of any circuit begins with a well-made general block
diagram. It helps us to design the sections of the circuit individually and
then at the end put them together to have a complete circuit, ready for
use.

2. Process:
The design of any circuit begins with a well-made general block
diagram. It helps us to design the sections of the circuit individually
and then at the end put them together to have a complete circuit,
ready for use.
General Block diagram of a power supply:
● The Transformer
● The Rectifier Circuit
● The Filter
● The Regulator

input output
Transformer Rectifier Filter Regulator
Circuit

So, let’s try to understand each section one by one

a. The input transformer
- A transformer is a device that is used to step up or step down
the AC voltages level, keeping the input and output power the
same.

- We need the input transformer to step down the incoming AC

to our required lower level i.e., close to 5V (DC). Here we
choose a transformer to step down 220V to 12V because on
the market there is no transformer that can step down to 5V.
 12V(RMS)

Figure 1: Transformer 5A

b. The rectifier circuit

- The stepped-down voltage is still AC. To convert it into DC,
you need a good rectifier circuit.
- A rectifier circuit is the combination of diodes arranged in
such a manner that converts AC into DC voltage levels.
- Without the rectifier circuit, it is not possible to have the
required output of 5V DC voltage.
- Basically, there are two types of rectifier circuits; half-wave
and full-wave. However, the one which we are interested in is
a full rectifier, as it is more power-efficient than the first one.
 12V(RMS)

Figure 2: Bridge rectifier KBP206

KBP206 pdf, KBP206 Description, KBP206 Datasheet, KBP206 view :::
ALLDATASHEET :::

c. The filter
- Nothing is ideal in practical electronics. The rectifier circuit
converts the incoming AC to DC but unluckily it does not make
it a pure DC. The output of the rectifier is pulsating and is called
pulsating DC.
- So, the rectified DC is not very clean and has ripples. It is the
job of the filter to filter out these ripples and to make the voltage
compatible for regulation.
- A capacitor filter is used when we need to convert a pulsating
DC into pure or to remove distortion from signal.
- The best filter in our case is the capacitor. You may have heard
that a capacitor is a charge storing device. But actually, it can
 be best used as a filter. It is the most inexpensive filter for our
basic 5V power supply design.

12V(RMS
)

Figure 3: Capacitor
d. The regulator
- A regulator is the linear integrated circuit used to provide a
regulated constant output voltage.
- Voltage regulation is very important because we do not need
a change in output voltage when the load changes.
- An output voltage independent of the load is always required.
- A voltage regulator circuit using a Bipolar Junction
Transistor (BJT) and a Zener diode is a common application
in electronics. This voltage regulator is used to maintain a
stable output voltage, independent of fluctuations in the
input voltage or load current.
+ Zener Diode (D1): The Zener diode is a specialized type of
diode designed to operate in Zener breakdown mode.
This means that when the input voltage exceeds a certain
threshold (known as the Zener voltage), the Zener diode
 begins to conduct in the reverse bias direction. This
creates a fixed output voltage across the Zener diode.
+ Transistor BJT (Q1): The BJT transistor is configured as
an NPN transistor. The collector terminal is connected to
the input voltage through a resistor, and the base terminal
is connected to the node between the Zener diode and a
resistor for the load.
+ Resistor (R1): Resistor R1 is connected to the output
node to provide a load current for the circuit.
- As the input voltage increases, the Zener diode maintains a
stable output voltage at the Zener voltage (Vz). When the
input voltage decreases, the BJT transistor begins to conduct
current from the input to the output through its base and
emitter, thus keeping the output voltage stable. This helps
protect the load devices from variations in the input voltage.

Figure 4: Bjt Tip41C (npn)

TIP41C pdf, TIP41C Description, TIP41C Datasheet, TIP41C view
::: ALLDATASHEET :::
 Figure 5: Bjt Tip42C (pnp)
TIP42C pdf, TIP42C Description, TIP42C Datasheet, TIP42C view
::: ALLDATASHEET :::

Figure 6: Zener diode 1N4734A

1N4734A pdf, 1N4734A Description, 1N4734A Datasheet,
1N4734A view ::: ALLDATASHEET :::

Figure 7: 5W 5Ω resistor
3. Calculate:
4. Result and evaluate:
a) Simulation:

- Circuit simulation:

- The Input Sine Signal :

● The sinusoidal wave of a Sinusoidal showing the both peak

at 155.29 V
- The Input Sine Signal after going through the transformer:

● Still, remain a sinusoidal wave yet the amplitude of both

peak decrease to 11.00 V

- After going through a rectifier and a capacitor:

● Amplitude decreases drastically but not good enough to

get the required goal.
 - Going through a BJT:

● The amplitude greatly decreases to 3 mV , this is a good

thing since we want a smooth wave, which means that
this is almost a straight line.
b) Real-circuit:
- The output voltage (Vout):

● From the graph, we see that the output voltage of the circuit
is equal to 5.2172V and approximates the hand-calculated
value of 5V. The error is 4.43%.
- The output current( Iout):

● From the graph, we see that the output current of the circuit
has a value of 0.97114V and is approximately equal to the
hand-calculated value of 1V. The error is 2.89%.

- The ripple voltage (Vr):

 ● From this image, we see the amplitude of this ripple wave,
8.00V and 7.59V, of which the Ripple Voltage is Vr =
416mV, the calculated Vr = 0.5V, with the error we
derived from that is 16.8%.
5. Conclusion:
- We can see that all values of the circuit when calculated
manually, simulated as well as actually measured have errors
of no more than 10%. However, the Vr value when measuring
our actual circuit has an error greater than 10%, we think that
the error value greater than 10% may be due to the influence
during the measurement process.

 Analyze result: