History of Computer

Abacus(500 B.C.) started in China - was probably that original

mechanical counting device.

ABACUS

History of Computer
Pascaline(1642) by Blaise Pascal - used gear-driven counting wheels to
do addition.

Pascaline

History of Computer
Jacquard Weaving Loom(1805) by Joseph-Marie Jacquard - a device
which is still used at present, is controlled by cards in which holes
are strategically punched.

Jacquard Weaving Loom

History of Computer
Difference Engine(1822-33) by Charles Babbage - was capable of
computing mathematical tables. Unfortunately, he failed to complete
his invention.

Difference Engine

History of Computer
Analytical Engine (1833) by Charles Babbage - an engine that could
add, subtract, multiply, and divide in automatic sequence at a rate of
60 calculations a minute.

Analytical Engine

Punch-card Tabulating Machine(1884) by Dr. Herman Hollerith it

was used by the Bureau of Census in completing a 10-year census in
3 years.

Punch-card Tabulating Machine

International Business Machine/IBM(1924) one of the most

recognizable institution in the field of computers.

International Business Machine

Electromechanical Accounting Machine/EAM(1920-1950) it was

dubbed as the EAM era. It was used to perform a particular
operation by insertion of a prewired control panel.

Electromechanical Accounting Machine

Atanasoff-Berry Computer/ABC(1942) by Dr. John V.

Atanasoff/Clifford E. Berry first electronic digital
computer.

Atanasoff-Berry Computer

MARK I(1944) by Howard Aiken it was the first

electromechanical computer.

MARK I

1st Generation of Computer

(Vacuum Tube-based Computer)

Vacuum Tube consisting of a glass or steel vacuum envelope and

two or more electrodes between which electrons can move freely

1. Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer/ ENIAC(1946) by

John W. Mauchly/John Prespert Eckert Jr. it was commissioned by
the U.S. Army for military purposes that was cost $3 Million. ENIAC
was a special-purpose computer.

ENIAC

1st Generation of Computer

(Vacuum Tube-based Computer)
2. Universal Automatic Computer/UNIVAC I(1951) by John W.
Mauchly/John Prespert Eckert Jr. first functional general-purpose
computer. It was used by the U.S. Bureau of Census to tabulateCensus
Statistics and to predict the outcome of the 1952 U.S. Presidential
Elections.

UNIVAC I

2nd Generation of Computer

(Transistor-based Computer)
Transistor/Transfer Resistor is a solid-state circuit components
usually composed of three leads.

1. Honeywell 400(later part 1950s early part 1960s) - became a

popular transistor-based computer. Its mainframe computer, were
very expensive for small and medium-scale enterprises to afford
during that time.

Honeywell 400

2nd Generation of Computer

(Transistor-based Computer)
2. PDP-8(1963) by Digital Company - it is now regarded as the first
successful minicomputer.

PDP-8

3rd Generation of Computer

(Integrated Circuit-based Computer)
Integrated Circuit/IC a small chunk if silicon semiconductor
material that contains hundreds of thousands of millions of
electronics device that is placed in an area the size of a postage stamp.
Built by Jack St. Clair Kilby.

1. SYSTEM/360(April 7, 1964) by International Business Machines

Corporation (IBM) - the first mainframe computer that used
interchangeable software and equipment.
SYSTEM/360

4th Generation of Computer

(Advancement in IC Technology)
Intel 4004 it was first microprocessor by Intel Corporation.

1. Altair 8800(April 1975) by Micro Instrumentation Telemetry Systems

of New Mexico is considered as the first modern PC. It had no
monitor and no keyboard, just toggle switches and blinking lights.

Altair 8800

4th Generation of Computer

(Advancement in IC Technology)
2. APPLE I(1976) by Steve Jobs/Steve Wozniak one of the most
popular brand of computer was created not in a sophisticated
research laboratory but in a garage. It was followed by an improved
version that was the APPLE II.

APPLE I

4th Generation of Computer

(Advancement in IC Technology)
3. TRS-80(1977) by Tandy/Radio Shack it became one of the most
popular computer during the late 1970s.

TRS-80

4th Generation of Computer

(Advancement in IC Technology)
4. Osborne I(1980) by Adam Osborne it was small enough to fit
under an airline seat and it was equipped with all the needed
software. It was the ancestor of modern-day laptops and palmtops.

Osborne I

4th Generation of Computer

(Advancement in IC Technology)
5. Apples Newton(1993) by Apple Computer, Inc. the first
PDA/Personal Digital Assistant.

Apples Newton

5th Generation of Computer

(Beyond/Future)

1. Artificial Intelligence/AI a system that behave intelligently. Ability to

reason through a problem through its logical conclusion.

Artificial
Intelligence

5th Generation of Computer

(Beyond/Future)
2. Expert System known as Knowledge-Based System, which
captures and uses the knowledge of an expert for solving a problem
experienced in a business.

Expert System

5th Generation of Computer

(Beyond/Future)
3. Decision Support System/DSS emphasizes the support in
decision-making in all phases, the actual decision is still exclusive
to the decision-maker. It is experimental in nature, where the user
tries different inputs to see their effects.

Decision Support System

Courtesy of :
www.google.com

Assignment:
1.
2.
3.

What are the 3 major components of computer

system?
What are the 3 groups of hardware components?
Give at least 5 examples of hardware
components.