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Environmental Sanitation: DR Messmate Gemeay
Environmental Sanitation: DR Messmate Gemeay
Dr Messmate Gemeay
Objectives
Outlines
Housing
Introduction
It
With
changes in socio-economic
conditions, there has been a trend
toward increased household and
industrial waste.
The situation is becoming difficult to
cope with using the present
incineration facilities and landfills. For
these reasons, a resource recovery
and recycling policy is being promoted
as an important measure.
Sanitation
Housing
Basic sanitation
Refers to the management of human feces
at the household level.
On-site
sanitation - the
collection and treatment of waste
is done where it is deposited.
Examples are the use of pit
latrines(w. c), septic tanks
Food sanitation
Refers to the hygienic measures
for ensuring food safety.
Environmental sanitation
The control of environmental factors that form
links in disease transmission.
Subsets of this category are solid waste
management, water and wastewater treatment,
industrial waste treatment and noise and
pollution control.
Ecological sanitation
a concept and an approach of recycling to nature
the nutrients from human and animal wastes.
Firstly
Secondly,
There
Cont.
Without
Thirdly
There
Fourthly
There is chemically contaminated water
such as water containing excessive
amounts of arsenic or floride
Some contaminants are added to
drinking water as a result of natural
processes and some due to human
activities such as industry and mining.
Second
Given the substantial oil wealth of the
country, water is provided almost for
free.
Third
There is no separation between
institutions in charge of
policy and regulation on the one hand,
and those in charge of
providing services on the other.
Some definitions
Garbage
Garbage is putrescible animal and
vegetable wastes resulting from
the handling, storage, sale,
preparation, cooking, and serving
Recyclable material
Recyclable material is solid waste that is
processed and returned to the economic
mainstream in the form of raw materials or
products, as determined by the State of
Nevada Environmental Commission.
Such as Newspaper; Aluminum; Yard debris
(material generated from plants, including
trees, bushes, sod, and grass clippings on
residential or business
Hazardous waste
Hazardous waste is a waste
with properties that make it
dangerous or potentially
harmful to human health or the
environment.
Types
of health hazards
Hazards can be either
physical
microbiological
biological or chemical agents
of disease.
Occupational
hazards associated
with waste handling
Infections
Chronic diseases
Incineration operators are at risk of chronic
respiratory diseases, including cancers resulting
from exposure to dust and hazardous
compounds.
Accidents
Bone and muscle disorders resulting from the
handling of heavy containers.
Infecting wounds resulting from contact with
sharp objects.Poisoning and chemical burns
resulting from contact with small amounts of
hazardous chemical waste mixed with general
waste.
Burns and other injuries resulting from
occupational accidents at waste disposal sites or
from methane gas explosion at landfill sites.
Vector control
The principal objective of vector
control is:
The reduction of malaria morbidity and
mortality by reducing the levels of
transmission.
WHO recommends a systematic approach
to vector control based on evidence and
knowledge of the local situation. This
approach is called Integrated vector
management (IVM).
can
Majority