Structure Formation and the Evolution of the

Universe
Astr112 Lab#5

Jacob Darby
36443458

6/5/2015

Structure Formation
Question one
a) Parameters are

8 =0.3(cluster amplitude)

and

m =0.05(dark matter density)

The simulation and observation do not match because both the values of cluster
amplitude and dark matter density to match the actual observation. In terms of the
histogram the dark matter density changes the maximum density that occurs, and
shifts the graph to a higher range of densities. Thus increasing both the cluster
amplitude and the dark matter density will give rise to a more defined simulation
closer to that of the observation.

b) Parameters are

8 =0.8(cluster amplitude)

and

m =0.4 5(dark matter density )

The value for dark matter density is slightly too high in this simulation. This causes
all of the normal matter to be attracted to the regions of higher density dark matter,
causing the regions of normal matter to become denser also. All other variables fit
well to the observation.

c) A positive cosmological constant results in a positive energy density which will

drive a accelerating universe.

Evolution of the Universe

B1)

At time zero the slope of all three curves are the same this is because at the time
the slope is based on experimental data. Everything that follows time zero is
prediction of the evolution of the universe, it is only at time zero where the slope is
actually been measured and has a known value.

B2)

a) Slope of the line is

r
rise r 0 2.3
m=
= =
=0.128
run T 18

1 T
H= = =18 G yr 1
T m

b)

18 G yr 1=50 km/s/Mpc (approx)

c)

d)

B3)a)

b)

A
redshift of 5.5 corresponds to a look back time of 12.5Gyr.

B4)

Because the slope of the graph is greater at 20G/years then the Hubble parameter
will be more positive giving an accelerating universe.

B5)

Age
in case 1: 13.33 Giga years
Age in case 2: 6.67 Giga years
Age in case 3: 1.33 Giga years

When decreasing the mass density to =0.5 for H 0=50, the curve age of the
universe is larger. With these values the age of the universe is 15.07 Giga years.