ITA (6 Inspection Training And Consulting Chapter Five ASME Section V Nondestructive Testing Summary and Notes Inspection Training And Consulting, 2001IT A Inspection Training And Consulting eg, jourweosiie: WWW.LEC-T Nondestructive Examination API 570 - 1998 Edition, including 2000 Addenda ASME B31.3 - 1999 Edition, including 2000 Addenda Summary and Notes The notes and summary information supplied is the thoughts and opinions of ITAC and does not represent interpretations Prepared by; Ron VanArsdale Owner ITAC API570 NDE Summary, Fall, 2001 Page 5-1API 570 Nondestructive Examination API570 Paragraph 8.2.5 Acceptance of a welded repair or alteration shall include NDE in accordance with the applicable code and the owner-user’s specification, unless otherwise specified in API 570. Note, the applicable code is usually ASME B31.3. ASME B 31.3, Paragraph 342 Examination Personnel Examiners shall have training and experience commensurate with the needs of the specified examinations. (Footnote 1, For this purpose, SNT-TC-1A, Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification, may be used as a guide.) The employer shall certify records of the examiners employed, showing dates and results of personnel qualifications, and shall maintain them and make them available to the Inspector. ASME B 31.3 Requirements for Nondestructive Testing Procedures and Personnel Certification. The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. Recommended Practice SNT- TC-1A is recognized for technician qualifications (Examiners) in some NDE techniques. SNT-TC-1A is a document that outlines requirements for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing, the main items listed are: Work Experience Training Education Testing In order to qualify as an ASNT Level Il, Radiographers must have: 12 Months Job Experience 79 Hours Formal Training High School Graduation Level II Exam, General, Specific and Practical In order to qualify as an ASNT Level II, Ultrasonic Technicians must have: 12 Months Job Experience 80 Hours Formal Training High School Graduation Level II Exam, General, Specific and Practical TTAC API570 NDE Summary, Fall, 2001 Page 5-2ASME B313, Paragraph 343 Examination Procedures Any examination shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure that conforms to one of the methods specified in paragraph 344, including special methods. Procedures shall be written as required in ASME Section V, Article 1, paragraph T-150. ASME B31.3, Paragraph 344 Types of Examination ASME B 31.3, Paragraph 344.1.3 Definitions 100% - complete examination random - complete examination of a percentage spot - partial examination random spot - a specified partial examination of a percentage ASME B 31.3, Paragraph 344.2 Visual Examination Visual examination (VT) is observation of the portion of components, joints, and other piping elements that are or can be exposed to view before, during, or after manufacture, fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, or testing. ‘Visual examination shall be performed in accordance with ASME Section V, Article 9. ASME B 31.3, Paragraph 344.3 Magnetic Particle Examination Magnetic Particle (MT) examination shall be performed in accordance with Section V, Article 7. WELD LONGITUDINAL MAGNETIC FIELD TEST ARTICLE ASME B 31.3 Magnetic Particle Method TTAC API570 NDE Summary, Fall,2001 Page 5-3MT Principles of Operation Basically, an object or localized area is magnetized through the use of AC or DC current. Once the area is magnetized lines of flux are formed. See previous page. Dry iron powder, or iron powder held in suspension is added to the surface of the test piece. Any interruption in the lines of flux will create an indication which can be evaluated. ‘The process may be used on any material that is ferromagnetic. This method of NDE can be used in visible light or with special powders, under black light. Surface discontinues are the most commonly detected indications using this process. This process will detect: Surface and slightly subsurface defects only! Magnetic Particle Method Study Notes Read ASME Section V, Article 7 Study Notes: Page Number Standard/Code [Know where to find: Calibration requirements Yoke weight requirements, both AC and DC General MT procedure requirements ITAC API570 NDE Summary, Fall,2001 Page 5-4ASME B 31.3, Paragraph 344.4 Liquid Penetrant Examination Liquid Penetrant (PT) examination shall be performed in accordance with Section V, Article 6. Liquid Penetrant Method se STEP 2| ‘STEPS CLEANER |cLeaner ST 6 ster a ICLEANER, PT Principles of Operation Penetrant testing is a family of testing that can be divided into two major groups, visible light and fluorescent or “Black Light” detectable groups. The basic steps of the operation can be seen above. Step 1: the test piece must be cleaned. Step two: the penetrant is applied, a dwell time or soaking time waited. Step three: the excess penetrant is removed. Step four:, the developer applied. Step five: the part is inspected, any indication is evaluated. Step six: the part is post cleaned. This inspection technique relys on the penetrant being pulled into all surface irregularities by capillary action. When the developer is applied, the penetrant is blotted back to the surface making the irregularities visible. The irregularities are then evaluated into three groups, false indications, commonly called handling marks, non-relevant indications and defects. The defects are evaluated to a given standard for acceptance. This process will detect: Surface defects only! TTAC API570 NDE Summary, Fall, 2001 Page5 5Liquid Penetrant Method Study Notes Read ASME Section V, Article 6 [Study Notes: Page Number: Standard/Code [Know where to find: ‘Test temperatures Surface temperatures |General PT procedure requirements ITAC API570 NDE Summary, Fall,2001 Page5-6ASME B 31.3, Paragraph 344.5 Radiographic Examination Radiographic (RT) examination shall be performed in accordance with Section V, Article 2 +” 100% - applies only to girth and miter groove welds and to fabricated branch connection welds. * Random Radiography - Applies only to girth and miter groove welds. * Spot Radiography - A single exposure radiograph. This process will detect: Surface and subsurface defects! Radiographic Examination Shim lal Weld | 1 2 1 ASTM B RT Principles of Operation Radiography is a nondestructive test method based on the principle of preferential radiation transmission. Areas of reduced thickness or lower density transmit more, and therefore absorb less, radiation. The radiation which passes through a test object forms a shadow image ona film. X-rays are man-made. Subsurface discontinuities which are readily detected by this method are voids, ‘metallic and nonmetallic inclusions, and favorably aligned incomplete fusion and cracks. ITAC API570 NDESummary, Fall, 2001 Page 5-7Radiographic Examination Study Notes Read ASME Section V, Article 2 [Study Notes: [Know where to find: Backscatter acceptability Geometric Unsharpness 1QI information \Density [Location Markers |General RT procedure jrequirements Page Number: Standard/Code TTAC API57 NDE Summary, Fall, 2001 PageS-8ASME B 31.3, Paragraph 344.6 Ultrasonic Examination Ultrasonic (UT) examination shall be performed in accordance with Section V, Article 5. Note acceptance criteria is listed in paragraph 344.6.2. Ultrasonic Method UT Principles of Operation Ultrasonic testing utilizes high frequency sound waves, well above the range of human hearing, fo measure geometric and physical properties in materials. Ultrasonic testing will best detect those more critical planar discontinuities such as cracking and incomplete fusion. UT is most sensitive to discontinuities which lie perpendicular tothe sound bear. Because various beam angles can be achieved with transducers and Plexiglas wedges the process can detect laminations, incomplete fusion and cracks that are oriented such that detection with radiographic testing would not be possible. The process has deep penetration ability and can be very accurate. This test method is generally limited to the inspection of butt welds in materials that are thicker than 1/4 inch. This process will detect: Surface and subsurface defects, will detect some defects not readily detectable by radiography! ITAC API570 NDE Summary, Fall, 2001 Page 5-9Ultrasonic Testing Study Notes Read ASME Section V, Article 5 Study Notes: Know where to find: Page Number: Standard/Code | Acceptance criteria [Linear-type discontinuity (Calibration blocks General UT procedure requirements ITAC API570 NDE Summary, Fall, 2001 Page 5-10ITAC Inspection Training And Consulting ee jourwepsites WWW.Lide-Nel epege Spore Nondestructive Examination Quiz tests leave the test object unchanged and ready to be placed in service if acceptable Destructive Nondestructive Bend all of the above none of the above inspection is considered to be the primary nondestructive test Magnetic particle Visual none of the above Visual inspection must be performed: before welding during welding after welding all of the above none of the above tests reveals surface discontinuities by the bleedout of a penetrating medium against a contrasting background. a: ones Penetrant Ultrasonic Magnetic particle Visual none of the above ITAC API570 NDE Summary, Fall, 2001 Page 5-1110. The visible dye used in PT produces a vivid ___ indication against a white background. a. greenish b. red < neutral d. —_allof the above e. none of the above The fluorescent dye used in PT produces a fluorescent indication against a light background when observed under an ultraviolet light. a. greenish b. red c neutral d. _ allofthe above e. none of the above PT will not detect . a. surface indications b. cracks c overlap d. all of the above e. none of the above method is used to discover surface or slightly subsurface ities in ferromagnetic materials. a. penetrant b. ultrasonic magnetic particle d. visual e. none of the above When the magnetic field is oriented along the axis of the part, it is referred toas magnetism. a. dreular b. diagonal c. longitudinal d. all of the above e. none of the above When the magnetic field tends to surround the part perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, itis referred to as. magnetism. a. b. diagonal . longitudinal d, all of the above e. none of the above TTAC API570 NDE Summary, Fall, 2001 Page5-12,11. 12. 13. 14. 15. A________ field results when the "yoke" method is used, as shown in. figure 11. an drcular b. diagonal c. longitudinal d. _allof the above e. none of the above Figure 11 field results when the “prod” technique is used, as shown in a. b. diagonal c. longitudinal d. _allof the above e. none of the above Figure 12 The major limitation of magnetic particle testing is that it will work only on_____ material. a. any stainless b. any copper c — anylead d. any ferromagnetic ___ is anondestructive test method based on the principle of preferential radiation transmission. a. Penetrant b. Ultrasonic Magnetic particle d. Visual e. none of the above ‘The disadvantages of radiographic testing are: radiation exposure extensive safety training the process may not detect laminations all of the above none of the above gaosPe ITAC API570 NDE Summary, Fall, 2001 Page 5-1316. 7. is a nondestructive inspection method which uses high Frequency sound waves to measure geometric and physical properties in materials. Penetrant a. b. Ultrasonic c Magnetic particle d. Visual e. none of the above A major limitation of ultrasonic testing is that it requires a because interpretation can be difficult. a. complex reference guide b. complex standard test block G extensive calibration tests d. skilled operator TTAC API570 NDESummmary, Fall, 2001 Page5-14LL A Inspection Training And Consulting eee ‘Our weesiie: WWW-LdC-NEt Nondestructive Examination Answer Key ° acoeasnsanesceaao TTAC API570 NDE Summary, Fall, 2001 Page5 -15