Chapter 7 Coordinate Metrology

1. Introduction
Enable 3 dimensional measurement to be carried out on complex object in a single setup
Coordinate measuring machine, CMM
Reduce time for measurement & inspection
0.001mm resolution
2. Coordinate system
Machine coordinate relative to fixed origin on the machine
Part coordinate relative to datum on the part to be measured
3. Type of CMM
Type
1. Cantilever type CMM

X-axis
table

Y-axis
Cantilever
arm

Z-axis
probe

Advantage
Easy acces to the work area
High wprls[ace volume

2. Bridge type CMM

Probe

Table

probe

Higher accuracy
Better rigidity
Difficult to place work onto the table

3. Column Type CMM

Table

Table

Probe

Good rigidity
High accuracy

4. Horizontal Arm type CMM

Arm

Probe(in
Arm
horizontal)

Measuring probe is not Z-axis

Work volume large(free form obstruction)
Large work piece, eg car

5. Gantry Type Arm

6. Portable Arm CMM

Arm

Arm

Probe

X,Y,Z placed overhead

Operator can move with the probe
Large object, eg car

Mounted on any rigid surface

Lightweight & easily transported
Joint enable extension & rotation of probe

4. Type of probe & sensor system

4.1 Probe
- Soft, sensitive
- Use electronic mechanism to break the circuit when contact between the probe & work piece occurs.
Type

Ball type

Tapered

Cylindrical

Star

Disc

Pointed

Diagram

Application
(to
measure)

Standard

Location &
diameter of
holes

4.2 Type of sensor

Circuit breaker type

Probe touch the surface
Probe deflect, one of the sphere is lifted
Break the sensor circuit
Position of X, Y Z-axis frozen & reading is recorded.

Thin
plates

Minimize the
need to move
the probe
Side & groove

Undercu
t /&
groove

Inspection
of thread
form,
specific
points,
scribed lines

5. Linear Measuring System

Movement of frame of the CMM is measured using optical system
Optical system light source, photo detector, pair of gratings

6. Computer Functions
Correction
- Deflection of the machine frames, thermal effects, radius of prove, deflection of the probe
- Reduce the systematic error
Transformation
- converted to coordinate system of the work piece <-> rotary table
Calculation