1

1 + 12 + 23 + 43 + 45 + ...
! "#

1.

&

3 )
2.
3

( )

'(

" ) ('
n

lim

5) 6 '
!' 250 $' !
* !+ ; )

'(

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ... $ n
n 1
2 3 4 5
n+1
n =0
") " *)+ , lim n +
1
n

( n +n 1 ) = n lim (1

1
n +1 = 1

" ")

18
! )

3 !

549 9

'( #:

$-, !' '

3 !

Sn = n2 [2a1 + (n A 1)d]
3! $ Sn = 549, a1 = 5, n = 18 &")
549 = 182 [2(5) + (18 A 1)d]
61 = 10 + 17d
d = 3
"# &
!' 250 *)+ 5 < !( )!' '
<
an = a1 + (n A 1)d
&")
a250 = 5 + (250 A 1)(3)
= 5 + 747
= 752
) (

3.

<

, - ; ) an = A1, 0, 3, 8, 15, I ! n 0
* !+)
n = 0; a0 = 0 A 1 = A1
n = 1; a1 = 1 A 1 = 0
n = 2; a2 = 4 A 1 = 3
n = 3; a3 = 9 A 1 = 8

, -

!.

) "# '(

), ( , -

n = 4; a4 = 16 A 1 = 15
I
I
&K& (
! "# an = n2 A 1 3 )
. 9<
"# , .
2
a100 = 100 A 1 = 10,000 A 1 = 9,999 3 & a99 = 992 A 1 = 9,800
3 a99 + 2 = 9,800 + 2 = 9,802 < 9,999 3 )
.
,)
'( +' +
93 ) ")
$. 3 & . #: , ( !' (' &"
, <
)
4.

) "# ("' 5

1
+I+
10+ 10

1
+I
2n+ 2n
lim

3 )
.3 &
3
, - ;)
9<
&K& (
(!' ( ,(
5.

an =

1
= 0 3 ) ; ) '( #: ; ) $
2n+ 2n
. 9<
++
('3 # L #: ; ) ")
!' ,)$
. M6 !'
3 ) !(
., ., $. #:

, bn = 43 ( 12 )
1
1+ 1
1

, -

) "# '(9<

( , -

3 )
,

$.
.

lim (a n + b n ) =

3 )

1
1
1
+ 1 +
+
+
6
2+ 2
6+ 6
8+2 2

1+ n

, -

'+

lim

3 1 n
+
()
1+ 1 1 4 2
1+ n
1

+ lim
1
1+ 1
n
n
1+ n
= 12 + 0 = 12
" 9<
lim

3 1 n
4(2)

* !+)

"# , -

lim (a n b n ) =

3 )
, -

.
$.

9<

lim

1+ 1 1
1+ n

3 1 n
4(2)

lim

lim

1+ 1 1
1+ n

= 12 0 = 0

lim

( abnn )

6.

lim

= 1/02

&K& ( $.
!' , - !(

1+ 1 1
1+ n
3 1 n
4( 2 )

9<

, ) "# '(" 9<

()<
!' & , !( 4
* !+ ;
10
n =1

)
an

n =1
10

1+ 1 1
1+ n
n
lim 43( 12 )

$" ', ,

" 9<
) &")

10

lim

! (

9 ; ) ' #< ! "#$ an = bn3 + c *)+!' b, c, n #: ;

a1 = 3

3 1 n
4(2)

&

)R 9 !

* !+)
$
b, c ) ('

a n = 6,060 3 & a1 = 3 &")

bn 3 + c = b

10 3 10
n + c
n =1
n=1

n =1
10 2
2
= b
n + 10c = b 102 (10 + 1) + 10c
n =1

6,060 = 3025 b + 10c ----------(1)

10
n =1

a n = 6,060 3 &

3&
(2) x 10;
(1) A (3);

3 = b + c ----------(2)
30 = 10b + 10c ----------(3)
6,030 = 3015b
b = 2
3! $ b = 2
(2) &") c = 1
&K& ( an = 2n3 + 1
"# , .
3
a
bn = 4 n = 2n4 + 1 &")
n +1
n +1

lim

2 + 13
n
n + 13
n

= lim
n

, .
'(
9 , - ") + <#3
1:
an = 2n3 + 1 & Q
)R
&K& ( 2n3 + #: ;
an ! M +
+ #:
)
2:
an = 2n3 + 1 ) #<
an A 1 = 2n3

2n 3 + 1
n 4 +1

= lim
n

= lim ( 2n ) = 0 ) (
n

n 3 (2 + 13 )
n
3
n (n + 13 )
n

. 9<

!' (' &3 )

)< 2 <#3 ) '(

#:
(n #: ;
3 & 1 #: ;
Q
+<3
+$
an 1

!
Q
+
) '(

Q
&K& (

a 1
n3 = n2

a 1
&") n = 3 n2

3 )

&K& (
"# , -

+'
3 a n 1 #:
2

,
.
$.

10
n =6

! M+
a 1
$ 3 n2

9<

an =

10
n =1
10

an A

(
n =1

= 2

5
n =1

an

2n 3 + 1 A

2n 3 + 1 )
(
n =1

10 3 10
5
5
n + 1 A 2 n3 + 1
n=1
n =1
n=1
n =1

#:

+<3 *)+

0 &") an

" !'

10 3
10 2
2
n =
n = 102 (10 + 1) = 3,025
n =1
n =1
5 3
5 2
2
3& n =
n = 52 (5 + 1) = 225
n =1
n =1
10
a n = [2(3,025) + (10)(1)] A [2(225) + (5)(1)]
) (
n =6

= 6,060 A 455 = 5,605 3 )

7.

)
"# ('

$. 9<

an, bn, cn #: ; )
;
,
)R *)+!' an = |bn A cn| 3 & k #: ;
" 9<
( , * !+)
, .
= lim k(b n c n )
lim kb n kc n
n

= lim k b n c n (

9 k > 0 &")

<-

lim kb n kc n = lim k b n c n
n
3 9 k < 0 &") lim kb n kc n = lim ( k) b n c n
n
n

,
n

( bn

lim a n = lim
n
n

<-

lim a n

lim

cn

, &") |bn A cn|

( bn + cn )

lim b n + lim c n
n

,)

"# , - $.
* !+ an = |bn A cn| *)+ +,

<-

b n A cn

b n A cn

cn A b n

b n A cn < 0

an =

&K& (

,)

)
|bn| + |cn|

bn, cn > 0 ! ;
.
9<

3 bn, cn #: ; )
;
,
)R 3 )
) ( lim a n
$
lim b n + lim c n
n

"# , .
an = |bn A cn| &")

*)+
) (

, &")

b n A cn < 0
9<

& Q ")5)
) (
$.
8.

$ k M6 #: ;

, )R !'!;

10

Q$ bn < cn &!;

") an = cn A bn
.

10

kn 3 + 3kn 2 + n + 3 ) = 4,265
(
n =1

kn 3 + 3kn 2 + n + 3 ) = 4,265
(
n =1

10 3
10
10
10
n + 3k n 2 + n + 3 = 4,265
n =1
n =1
n =1 n =1
2
10
10
10
k
n + 3k n 2 + n + 30 = 4,265
n =1
n =1
n =1
10 2
10
10
k
n + 3k n 2 + n = 4,235
n =1
n =1
n =1
2
k 102 (10 + 1) + 3k 106 (11)(21) + 102 (10 + 1) = 4,235
k

3,025k + 1155k + 55 = 4,235

4,180k = 4,180
k=1

) (

!.

2
1.

an + 2 =

1
! n>2
2 n 1

# '+

3#

'+ M

; ) '(

!(

an
n =4

*)+

n + 2 = m &")
1
am =
2 m 3
1
an =
2 n 3
; ) an ) ( S = {an | n > 3}

$
S #: M

an
n =4
a4 = 1 , a5 = 1 , a6 = 1 , a7 = 1 , I
2 1
2 2
2 3
2 4

"# & $

a n = a4 + a5 + a6 + a7 + I
n =4
= 1 + 1 + 1 +
2 1 2 2 2 3
1
= 2( 1 + 1 + 1 +
1
2
3

&")

= 12

1
(
)
n
n=1

1 +I
2 4
1 + I)
4

1 #: P A series !' '$ p < 1 )

(
)
n
n=1
2.

9
100

!' 4 3 &
3

!' ),

;)

1
1
256 3 & 1024

$-, !

; ) ('
") !
<

an

3! $ n = 4, a4 =
1
256
a1
"#

100

1
4
= a1rn A 1
1 ,r= 1
256
4
3
1
= a1 ( 4 )
= a1 ( 641 )
= 14

;)

( #:

<

$-,

&")

<

")

;)

rn )
r
( 14 )100 )
1 14
= 13 [1 A ( 14 )100]

a (1
Sn = 1 1
1 [1
S100 = 4

3.

3 )

$-, n

'$ !
$-, +<

#<

n (n + 1)
2

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + I + n = n2 (n + 1) - - - - - - - - - &3 )
#: , *)+ 5 # + 5, $-, _
( `
n = 1 &")
1 = 12 (1 + 1)
= 1
&")
1 = 1 M6 #: ,
( # +
,
#: ,
n = n + 1 &")
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n + (n + 1)
= n2 (n + 1) + (n + 1)
= (n + 1)( n2 + 1)
1
= n+
2 (n + 2)
1
= n+
2 [(n + 1) + 1 - - - - - - - - - & Q $ n
&K& ( *)+
n (n + 1)
!
2

4.

; ) $-, 5) 6 '
A 14 3 & A 26 3
* !+ ; )
&")

# '+ "# #: n + 1
# + 5, $-, _
6 ")

3 ,
! "#
$'+
a(n/2) A 1

3 )

, 3 & ! + #: $< 9
$'+
; ) '(
$ a(n/2) A 1
a(n/2) + 1 3! $ <
= a1 + [[ n2 A 1] A 1]d
= a1 + [ n2 A 2]d

#: ,
'$

$-, n

!
;)

$-,

3&

3! $

A 14 = a1 + [ n2 A 2]d
= a1 + n2 d A 2d - - - - - - - - - a(n/2) + 1 = a1 + [[ n2 + 1] A 1]d
= a1 + n2 d
A 26 = a1 + n2 d - - - - - - - - - -

A 14 =
2d =
d =
3! $ d = A 6
A 14 =
a1 =
&K& (
! "#
an =
=
=

&")

A 26 A 2d
A 12
A6
&")
a1 A 3n + 12
3n A 26 - - - - - - - - - ; ) ($'
(3n A 26) + (n A 1)(A 6)
3n A 26 A 6n + 6
A 3n A 20