NATIONAL FOAM

FOAM
FOAM RESPONSE
RESPONSE TRAINING
TRAINING PROGRAM
PROGRAM

LIQUID FUELS IN
GENERAL

LIQUID
FLASH POINT

FUEL TERMS

Minimum temperature at which a liquid fuel gives off sufficient vapors to form an ignitable
mixture with air at the surface of the fuel.

FIRE POINT
The temperature at which a liquid fuel will produce vapors sufficient to support continuous
combustion once ignited.

BOILING POINT
Temperature of a substance when the vapor pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure.

FLAMMABLE LIMITS
The percentage of a substance (vapor) in air that will burn once it is ignited. Most
substances have an upper (too rich) and a lower (too lean) flammable limit.

FLAMMABLE / COMBUSTIBLE

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
Those liquid fuels having a flash point below 100F (38C)
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
Those liquid fuels having a flash point at or above 100F
(38C)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

WATER = 1
DENSITY
LESS THAN H2O

VAPOR DENSITY
VAPOR DENSITY
METHANE 0.6
VAPOR DENSITY
OF AIR = 1
VAPOR DENSITY
OF GASOLINE 3-4

VAPOR PRESSURE

FUEL

Vapors

FUEL

AS
AS TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE INCREASES
INCREASES
VAPOR
VAPOR PRESSURE
PRESSURE INCREASES
INCREASES

FLAMMABLE
FLAMMABLE RANGE

LIMITS

Vs

VAPORS HAVE REACHED

THE UPPER LIMITS
VAPORS
FUEL VAPORS REACHING FIRE POINT
WITHIN FLAMMABLE RANGE

LIQUID SPILL

INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION TO
TO FOAM
FOAM

WHAT IS FOAM ?
Per NFPA 11 Standard for Low Expansion Foam
Fire-fighting foam is an aggregate of air-filled bubbles
formed from aqueous solutions and is lower in density
than flammable liquids. It is used principally to form a
cohesive floating blanket on flammable and combustible
liquids and prevents or extinguishes fire by excluding air
and cooling the fuel. It also prevents reignition by
suppressing formation of flammable vapors. It has the
property of adhering to surfaces, which provides a degree
of exposure protection from adjacent fires.

CLASS
CLASSB
BFIRES
FIRES&&SPILL
SPILLSECURITY
SECURITY

Class B Risks Involve

Flammable and Combustible Liquids

HYDROCARBONS
HYDROCARBONS

PRODUCTS
PRODUCTS OF CRUDE OIL
FLOAT ON WATER

Gasoline
Gasoline
Diesel
Diesel
JP8
JP8
Heptane
Heptane
Kerosene
Kerosene

POLAR
POLAR SOLVENTS
SOLVENTS
PRODUCTS OF DISTILLATION, HAVE AN

AGGRESSIVE DESIRE TO MIX WITH WATER

Ketones
Esters
Alcohol
Amine
MTBE

WHY
WHY USE
USE FOAM
FOAM ??

Prevent Ignition or Re-Ignition

Suppress the Release of
Flammable Vapors
Post Fire Security
Protect Fire & Rescue Personnel

WHAT
WHAT IS
IS FOAM
FOAM NOT
NOT EFFECTIVE
EFFECTIVE ON
ON ??

FOAM
FOAMIS
ISNOT
NOTEFFECTIVE
EFFECTIVEON:
ON:

CLASS C
ENERGIZED ELECTRICAL FIRES

DANGER:
DANGER Foam is an excellent conductor
of electricity and should not be
used on Class C fires.

FOAM
FOAMIS
ISNOT
NOTEFFECTIVE
EFFECTIVEON:
ON:

THREE DIMENSIONAL FIRES

EXTINGUISH THREE DIMENSIONAL
FIRES WITH DRY CHEMICAL
EXTINGUISH GROUND FIRES WITH FOAM

FOAM
FOAMIS
ISNOT
NOTEFFECTIVE
EFFECTIVEON:
ON:

PRESSURIZED GASES
Propane
Vinylchloride
Butane

FOAM
FOAMIS
ISNOT
NOTEFFECTIVE
EFFECTIVEON:
ON:

COMBUSTIBLE METALS

HISTORICAL
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENT OF
OF
FOAM
FOAM

CHEMICAL
CHEMICAL FOAMS
FOAMS
Developed in the early 1920s
Relied on a chemical reaction to produce foam
Hard to use, powder would cake and clog eductor
A POWDER
HOPPER
EDUCTOR

B POWDER

MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL FOAMS
FOAMS

Developed for the US Navy in the

1930s by National Foam
A Liquid Foam Concentrate that relies
on mechanical agitation to produce
expanded foam

FOAM
FOAMTETRAHEDRON
TETRAHEDRON
FOAM

MECHANICAL

CONCENTRATE

AGITATION

WATER
FOAM

AIR

CONCENTRATE

MECHANICAL
AGITATION

WATER

AIR

FOAM
FOAMTERMINOLOGY
TERMINOLOGY

FOAM
FOAM CONCENTRATE

As
As Purchased
Purchased from
from Manufacturer
Manufacturer

+
+ Water
Water ==

FOAM
FOAM SOLUTION
Concentrate
Concentrate Proportioned
Proportioned with
with Water
Water

+
+ Air
Air ==

FINISHED
FINISHED FOAM
Air
Air Aspirated
Aspirated Foam
Foam Solution
Solution

PRODUCTION
PRODUCTIONofofMECHANICAL
MECHANICALFOAM
FOAM

WATER

PROPORTIONING
DEVICE

AIR

FINISHED
FOAM

AIR

FOAM SOLUTION
FOAM
CONCENTRATE

FOAM
FOAM PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES

KNOCKDOWN
HEAT RESISTANCE
FUEL TOLERANCE
VAPOR SUPPRESSION
COOLING

KNOCKDOWN
KNOCKDOWN

Speed at which fire is controlled

FOAM BLANKET

BURNING FUEL

HEAT
HEAT RESISTANCE
RESISTANCE

Foams
Foams ability
ability to
to withstand
withstand exposure
exposure to
to heat
heat

Direct
Direct flame
flame impingement
impingement

FOAM BLANKET
Hot
Hot metal
metal tank
tank wall
wall

FUEL

FUEL
FUELTOLERANCE
TOLERANCE

Ability of foam bubbles to pass through and shed

the fuel as they surface
FOAM BUBBLES RE-SURFACING

FUEL

FUEL
FUELTOLERANCE
TOLERANCE

Subsurface Injection
Foam bubbles surfacing and
shedding the fuel.
Foam solution from
proportioning system
High back pressure
foam maker

Finished
Foam
Air

VAPOR
VAPORSUPPRESSION
SUPPRESSION

Ability of the foam blanket to prohibit fuel vapors from

migrating through the finished foam blanket
FINISHED FOAM BLANKET

VAPORS

FUEL

DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENTOF
OF
MECHANICAL
MECHANICALFOAMS
FOAMS

PROTEIN
PROTEIN

Hydrolyzed Protein
Solid proteins are boiled to
produce liquid protein
Soy Bean (Navy Bean Soup)
Chicken Beaks & Feathers
Fish Bones
Hoof & Horn

FOAM
FOAMPROPERTIES
PROPERTIES

PROPERTY

PROTEIN

1.

KNOCKDOWN

FAIR

2.

HEAT
RESISTANCE

EXCELLENT

3.

FUEL
TOLERANCE

FAIR

4.

VAPOR
SUPPRESSION

5.

ALCOHOL
TOLERANCE

EXCELLENT
NONE

DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENTOF
OF
FLUOROPROTEIN
FLUOROPROTEINFOAMS
FOAMS

PROTEIN
PROTEIN
FLUORO
FLUORO
SURFACTANTS
SURFACTANTS
Ingredient
Ingredient

FLUOROFLUOROPROTEIN
PROTEIN

Lowers surface
tension
Provides
excellent fuel
tolerance

Combination of Hydrolyzed Protein

and Fluorochemical Surfactants

FOAM
FOAMPROPERTIES
PROPERTIES

PROPERTY

PROTEIN

FLUOROPROTEIN

1.

KNOCKDOWN

FAIR

GOOD

2.

HEAT
RESISTANCE

EXCELLENT

EXCELLENT

3.

FUEL
TOLERANCE

FAIR

EXCELLENT

4.

VAPOR
SUPPRESSION

EXCELLENT

EXCELLENT

5.

ALCOHOL
TOLERANCE

NONE

NONE

DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENTOF
OFSYNTHETIC
SYNTHETICDETERGENTS
DETERGENTS

PROTEIN
PROTEIN
FLUORO
FLUORO
SURFACTANTS
SURFACTANTS

FLUOROFLUOROPROTEIN
PROTEIN

Ingredient
Ingredient

SYNTHETIC
SYNTHETIC
DETERGENTS
DETERGENTS

A Blend of detergent type

foaming agents and stabilizers

HIGH EXPANSION FOAM

Synthetic Detergent Based Foam
Designed for use on class A materials and having lower
tension than water

surface

Limits the amount of oxygen required to support combustion

Suitable for combating fires in confined spaces such as coal mines, aircraft
hangers, warehouses and where total
flooding is required
Expansion Ratios from 200 to 1000:1
Designed for use with high expansion equipment, it can also
with both medium and low expansion foam
equipment

be used

DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENTOF
OFAFFF
AFFF

PROTEIN
PROTEIN
FLUORO
FLUORO
SURFACTANTS
SURFACTANTS

Ingredient
Ingredient

SYNTHETIC
SYNTHETIC
DETERGENTS
DETERGENTS

FLUOROFLUOROPROTEIN
PROTEIN
AQUEOUS
AQUEOUSFILM
FILM
FORMING
FOAMS
FORMING FOAMS
(AFFF)
(AFFF)

Developed by the US Navy

Spill Fire Control
Quick Drainage
Produces an Aqueous Film

FOAM
FOAMPROPERTIES
PROPERTIES

PROPERTY

PROTEIN

FLUOROPROTEIN

AFFF

1.

KNOCKDOWN

FAIR

GOOD

EXCELLENT

2.

HEAT
RESISTANCE

EXCELLENT

EXCELLENT

FAIR

3.

FUEL
TOLERANCE

FAIR

EXCELLENT

MODERATE

4.

VAPOR
SUPPRESSION

EXCELLENT

EXCELLENT

GOOD

5.

ALCOHOL
TOLERANCE

NONE

NONE

NONE

DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENTOF
OFFFFP
FFFPFOAMS
FOAMS

PROTEIN
PROTEIN
FLUORO
FLUORO
SURFACTANTS
SURFACTANTS

Ingredient
Ingredient

SYNTHETIC
SYNTHETIC
DETERGENTS
DETERGENTS

FLUOROFLUOROPROTEIN
PROTEIN
AQUEOUS
AQUEOUSFILM
FILM
FORMING
FOAMS
FORMING FOAMS
(AFFF)
(AFFF)

FILM
FILMFORMING
FORMING
FLUOROPROTEIN
FLUOROPROTEIN
(FFFP)
(FFFP)

Film forming
technology only

FOAM
FOAMPROPERTIES
PROPERTIES

PROPERTY

PROTEIN

FLUOROPROTEIN

AFFF

FFFP

1.

KNOCKDOWN

FAIR

GOOD

EXCELLENT

GOOD

2.

HEAT
RESISTANCE

EXCELLENT

EXCELLENT

FAIR

GOOD

3.

FUEL
TOLERANCE

FAIR

EXCELLENT

MODERATE

GOOD

4.

VAPOR
SUPPRESSION

EXCELLENT

EXCELLENT

GOOD

GOOD

5.

ALCOHOL
TOLERANCE

NONE

NONE

NONE

NONE

DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENTOF
OFAR-AFFF
AR-AFFFFOAMS
FOAMS

PROTEIN
PROTEIN
FLUORO
FLUORO
SURFACTANTS
SURFACTANTS

Ingredient
Ingredient

SYNTHETIC
SYNTHETIC
DETERGENTS
DETERGENTS
SYNTHETIC
SYNTHETIC
POLYMERS
POLYMERS
Ingredient
Ingredient

FLUOROFLUOROPROTEIN
PROTEIN
AQUEOUS
AQUEOUSFILM
FILM
FORMING
FOAMS
FORMING FOAMS
(AFFF)
(AFFF)

FILM
FILMFORMING
FORMING
FLUOROPROTEIN
FLUOROPROTEIN
(FFFP)
(FFFP)

ALCOHOL
ALCOHOL
RESISTANT
RESISTANT
AFFF
AFFF

FOAM
FOAMPROPERTIES
PROPERTIES

PROPERTY

PROTEIN

FLUOROPROTEIN

AFFF

FFFP

AR-AFFF

1.

KNOCKDOWN

FAIR

GOOD

EXCELLENT

GOOD

EXCELLENT

2.

HEAT
RESISTANCE

EXCELLENT

EXCELLENT

FAIR

GOOD

GOOD

3.

FUEL
TOLERANCE

FAIR

EXCELLENT

MODERATE

GOOD

GOOD

4.

VAPOR
SUPPRESSION

EXCELLENT

EXCELLENT

GOOD

GOOD

GOOD

5.

ALCOHOL
TOLERANCE

NONE

NONE

NONE

NONE

EXCELLENT

HOW
HOW FOAM
FOAM WORKS
WORKS
Suppresses Vapor

Excludes Oxygen

VAPORS
VAPORS

Fuel

Coo
ls

AA FF FF FF
Aqueous Film Formation
Across Fuel Surface
Finished Foam

VAPORS
VAPORS

Fuel

Cools Hot
Surfaces

SURFACE
SURFACETENSION
TENSION

UNTREATED WATER
(High surface tension)

AFFF
Foam Solution
(Low surface tension)

Hydrocarbon Fuel
(Gasoline, Heptane, etc.)

FF FF FF PP
Aqueous Film Formation
Across Fuel Surface
Finished Foam

VAPORS
VAPORS

Fuel

Cools Hot
Surfaces

AR-AFFF
AR-AFFF

Aqueous Film Formation on Hydrocarbons

Polymeric Membrane Formation on Polar Fuels
Polymeric Membrane Formation
Across Fuel Surface

VAPORS
VAPORS

Finished Foam

Fuel

Cools Hot
Surfaces

FOAM
FOAM
PROPORTIONING
PROPORTIONING

LINE
LINE EDUCTORS
EDUCTORS

Low Cost
No Moving Parts
Minimal Maintenance
Portable
Simple Operation
NOTE:
NOTE:CHECK
CHECKMANUFACTURERS
MANUFACTURERSRECOMMENDATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR
FORINLET
INLETPRESSURE
PRESSURETO
TOEDUCTOR
EDUCTOR

IN-LINE
IN-LINE EDUCTOR
EDUCTOR
EDUCTOR JET

70 psi
Loss Across Eductor

200 psi
Inlet Pressure

RECOVERY SECTION

130 psi
Remaining
LOW PRESSURE AREA
METERING & CHECK VALVE

Line
LineProportioners
Proportionerson
on
average
averageare
areonly
only65%
65%
efficient.
efficient.

CONCENTRATE
PICK-UP TUBE

IN-LINE
IN-LINE 60
60 gpm
gpm EDUCTOR
EDUCTOR OPERATION
OPERATION
Line Eductor
Size

Nominal Solution
Flow @ 200 psi

Nozzle Flow
@ 100 psi

Hose
Size

Max. Hose Lay

at 0 Elev.

Approx. Coverage
Area

60 GPM

60 GPM

60 GPM

1-3/4

400

600 Sq. Ft.

60 GPM

60 GPM

60 GPM

1-1/2

300

600 Sq. Ft.

Friction Loss Can

not Exceed 30 psi
200 psi inlet

130 psi Outlet

100 psi Nozzle

70 psi Friction Loss

Concentrate

EDUCTOR OUTLET PRESSURE

NOZZLE REQUIRES 100 psi
REMAINING FOR HOSE FRICTION LOSS

= 130 psi
- 100 psi
= 30 psi

IN-LINE
IN-LINE 95
95 gpm
gpm EDUCTOR
EDUCTOR OPERATION
OPERATION
Line Eductor
Size

Nominal Solution
Flow @ 200 psi

Nozzle Flow
@ 100 psi

Hose
Size

Max. Hose Lay

at 0 Elev.

Approx. Coverage
Area

95 GPM

95 GPM

95 GPM

1-3/4

200

950 Sq. Ft.

95 GPM

95 GPM

95 GPM

1-1/2

100

950 Sq. Ft.

Friction Loss Can

not Exceed 30 psi
200 psi inlet

130 psi Outlet

100 psi Nozzle

70 psi Friction Loss

Concentrate

EDUCTOR OUTLET PRESSURE

NOZZLE REQUIRES 100 psi
REMAINING FOR HOSE FRICTION LOSS

= 130 psi
- 100 psi
= 30 psi

FOAM CONCENTRATE USE @ 100 GPM

200 psi inlet

130 psi Outlet

Concentrate

1/2%
1/2%of
of100
100gpm
gpm==1/2
1/2gpm
gpmConcentrate
ConcentratePer
PerMinute
Minute
1%
1%of
of100
100gpm
gpm=1
=1gpm
gpmConcentrate
ConcentratePer
PerMinute
Minute
3%
3%of
of100
100gpm
gpm==33gpm
gpmConcentrate
ConcentratePer
PerMinute
Minute
6%
6%of
of100
100gpm
gpm==66gpm
gpmConcentrate
ConcentratePer
PerMinute
Minute

EDUCTOR APPLICATIONS FOR

HANDLINE & MASTER STREAMS

200 PSI DISCHARGE

TO EDUCTOR
PUMPER

HAND LINE NOZZLES

NO INLET HOSE
LAY RESTRICTIONS

OR

TO

GROUND MONITORS
EDUCTOR

30 PSI ALLOWABLE
BACK PRESSURE

FOAM SUPPLY
Eductor Model

GPM Flow @
200 psi Inlet

Aspirating
Nozzle

GPM Nozzle Flow

@ 100 psi Inlet

1-1/2

LP-9

98

JS-10

100

100

LP-17

250

PC-31

250

200

500

LP-25

375

PC-50

400

100

250

900 2200

LP-35

492

PC-60

500

100

500 1300

Hose Size & Max. Hose Lay

1-3/4 2-1/2
3
4

200

Friction loss calculations from NFPA Handbook, 16th Edition

LINE EDUCTOR RELAY EVOLUTION

Eductor Model

GPM Flow @
200 psi Inlet

Aspirating
Nozzle

GPM Nozzle Flow

@ 100 psi Inlet

LP-17

250

PC-31

250

550

1400

LP-25

375

PC-50

400

250

600

2500

LP-35

492

PC-60

500

350

1400

Hose Size & Max. Hose Lay

2-1/2
3
4
5

3500

Friction loss calculations from NFPA Handbook, 16th Edition

EDUCTOR
EDUCTORSIZE
SIZEUP
UPTIPS
TIPSFOR
FORHYDROCARBON
HYDROCARBONFIRES
FIRES

A 60 gpm eductor will cover 600 sq. ft.

A 90 gpm eductor will cover 900 sq. ft.

A 120 gpm eductor will cover 1200 sq. ft.

Multiply
Multiply eductor
eductor flow
flow rate
rate by
by 10
10 to
to approximate
approximate area.
area.
For
For Alcohol's,
Alcohol's, multiply
multiply by
by 10
10 then
then divide
divide by
by 2.
2.

COMMON
COMMONEDUCTOR
EDUCTORFAILURES
FAILURES

MIS
-MATCHED EDUCTOR
MIS-MATCHED
EDUCTOR AND
AND NOZZLE
NOZZLE
AIR
-UP TUBE
AIR LEAKS
LEAKS IN
IN PICK
PICK-UP
TUBE OR
OR HOSE
HOSE CONNECTION
CONNECTION
IMPROPER
IMPROPER FLUSHING
FLUSHING AFTER
AFTER USE
USE
KINKED
KINKED DISCHARGE
DISCHARGE HOSE
HOSE LINE
LINE
NOZZLE
NOZZLE ELEVATION
ELEVATION
TOO
TOO MUCH
MUCH HOSE
HOSE BETWEEN
BETWEEN EDUCTOR
EDUCTOR AND
AND NOZZLE
NOZZLE
INCORRECT
INCORRECT INLET
INLET PRESSURE
PRESSURE TO
TO EDUCTOR
EDUCTOR
PARTIALLY
-OFF
PARTIALLY CLOSED
CLOSED NOZZLE
NOZZLE SHUT
SHUT-OFF
COLLAPSED
COLLAPSED OR
OR OBSTRUCTED
OBSTRUCTED PICKUP
PICKUP TUBE
TUBE
PICKUP
PICKUP TUBE
TUBE TOO
TOO LONG
LONG

BY-PASS
BY-PASSLINE
LINEEDUCTOR
EDUCTOR
WATER PASSAGE

FOAM / WATER SELECTOR

EDUCTOR JET
INLET

RECOVERY SECTION
LOW PRESSURE AREA
METERING & CHECK VALVE
CONCENTRATE
PICK-UP TUBE
NOTE: CHECK MANUFACTURERS RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR INLET PRESSURE TO EDUCTOR

LOW
LOWPRESSURE
PRESSUREIN
INLINE
LINEEDUCTOR
EDUCTOR

Metering Valve
Pressure Balancing Valve
INLET

CONCENTRATE
PICK-UP TUBE

NOTE: CHECK MANUFACTURERS RECOMMENDATIONS

FOR INLET PRESSURE TO EDUCTOR

PREMIX
PREMIXPRESSURE
PRESSURESYSTEM
SYSTEM

REGULATORS

SYSTEM
ACTUATOR

DISCHARGE
PREMIX
PRESSURE
VESSEL
NITROGEN CYL.

EXTERNAL AROUND THE PUMP

PROPORTIONING DEVICE

DISCHARGE

WATER
PUMP

PROPORTIONING
DEVICE

CONCENTRATE

ALL WATER PUMP DISCHARGES HAVE FOAM

AROUND
AROUNDTHE
THEPUMP
PUMPPROPORTIONING
PROPORTIONINGWITH
WITHMANUAL
MANUALVARIABLE
VARIABLEMETERING
METERING

PV VENT
CONCENTRATE
TANK

DISCHARGE

WATER TANK

PROPORTIONER

METERING
VALVE

WATER
PUMP

ALL WATER PUMP DISCHARGES HAVE FOAM

FLOW
FLOWSENSING
SENSINGAROUND
AROUNDTHE
THEPUMP
PUMPPROPORTIONING
PROPORTIONINGSYSTEM
SYSTEM

PV VENT

METERING
VALVE

FLOW
METER

CONCENTRATE
TANK

WATER TANK

PROPORTIONER

DISCHARGE

FLOW
METER

ALL WATER PUMP DISCHARGES HAVE FOAM

CONDUCTIVITY
CONDUCTIVITYSENSING
SENSINGAROUND
AROUNDTHE
THEPUMP
PUMPPROPORTIONING
PROPORTIONINGSYSTEM
SYSTEM

PV VENT
METERING
VALVE

CONCENTRATE
TANK

PROPORTIONER

WATER
TANK

CONDUCTIVITY
SENSOR
WATER
PUMP

DISCHARGE

SAMPLING
UNIT
MICROPROCESSOR

BY-PASS
BY-PASSBALANCED
BALANCEDPRESSURE
PRESSURE

DIAPHRAGM
VALVE

CONCENTRATE
TANK

PV VENT

WATER
TANK

METERING
VALVE

DISCHARGE

RELIEF
VALVE

PROPORTIONER
WATER PUMP
WATER
SUCTION

CONCENTRATE
PUMP

DEMAND
DEMANDBALANCED
BALANCEDPRESSURE
PRESSURE
PV VENT
CONCENTRATE
TANK

METERING
VALVE

DISCHARGE

WATER
TANK

HYDROSTATIC
DRIVE UNIT

PROPORTIONER
WATER PUMP
WATER
SUCTION

CONCENTRATE
PUMP

COMPRESSED
COMPRESSEDAIR
AIRSYSTEM
SYSTEM

WATER
TANK

FLOWMETER
Finished Foam
Discharge

MIXER

WATER
PUMP
AGENT
METERING
AGENT TANK
AGENT
PUMP

POWER
UNIT
AIR
COMPRESSOR

CLASS A / B SYSTEMS
PRECAUTIONS
Flush the concentrate discharge lines every time
you switch between concentrates.

RESULTS

Class A

Failure to flush when switching between

concentrates may cause clogging and
possibly shut down the system.
Common Piping

Class B

DISCHARGE
DISCHARGE
DEVICES
DEVICES AND
AND
NOZZLES
NOZZLES

NOZZLES
NOZZLES
8 to 10:1

4 to 6:1

STANDARD FIRE NOZZLE

& LOW-X FOAM ATTACHMENT

STANDARD FIRE NOZZLE

10:1

10:1

STANDARD FIRE NOZZLE &

FOAM ATTACHMENT

10:1

FOAM NOZZLE
WITH PICK-UP

FOAM NOZZLE

30 to 50:1

10:1
FOAM NOZZLE

STANDARD FIRE NOZZLE

WITH MID-X FOAM ATTACHMENT

FOAM NOZZLE PERFORMANCE

GPM
GPM

EXPANSION
EXPANSION

25%
25%DRAIN
DRAINTIME
TIME

RANGE
RANGE

Aspirating Foam Nozzle

Structural Nozzle
With Attachment

100

8.1

13:50

75 s/s

82
74

4.1
8.1

0:17
6:15

90 s/s
50 fog

98

6:1

1:04

65 s/s

Typical Structural Nozzle

(Actual Test Comparisons Based on Universal Gold 3%)

FOAM
FOAMBUBBLE
BUBBLEFORMATION
FORMATION

ASPIRATING Vs NON-ASPIRATING NOZZLE DESIGN

AIR
AIR
INDUCTION OF AIR
AFTER THE NOZZLE
AIR

FINISHED FOAM

FOAM SOLUTION

AIR

CORRECT BUBBLE FORMATION

FOAM
FOAMBUBBLE
BUBBLEFORMATION
FORMATIONAIR-ASPIRATED
AIR-ASPIRATED

AIR

NON-ASPIRATING NOZZLE DESIGN

INDUCTION OF AIR AFTER THE NOZZLE

FOAM
FOAMBUBBLE
BUBBLEFORMATION
FORMATIONNON-AIR-ASPIRATED
NON-AIR-ASPIRATED

Droplet of
Solution

AIR

Solution being
stripped from bubble

Foam
Bubble

EXPANSION
EXPANSIONRATIOS
RATIOS
Per
PerNFPA
NFPA11
11

LOW EXPANSION
MEDIUM EXPANSION
HIGH EXPANSION
1000:1

Up To 20:1
20 TO 200:1
200 TO

APPLICATION
TECHNIQUES

APPLICATION
APPLICATIONTECHNIQUES
TECHNIQUES

BOUNCE OFF
BANK-IN
RAINDOWN
DO NOT
PLUNGE

APPLICATION
APPLICATIONTECHNIQUE
TECHNIQUE

BOUNCE
BOUNCE OF
OF

APPLICATION
APPLICATIONTECHNIQUE
TECHNIQUE

BANK
-IN
BANK-IN
ROLL THE FOAM
BLANKET ON TO THE FIRE

HIT THE GROUND IN

FRONT OF THE SPILL

APPLICATION
APPLICATIONTECHNIQUE
TECHNIQUE

RAIN
RAIN DOWN
DOWN

DO
DO NOT
NOT PLUNGE
PLUNGE

PRESERVE
PRESERVETHE
THEFOAM
FOAMBLANKET
BLANKET

Aspirate
Aspirate for
for the
the best
best foam
foam performance
performance

Do
Do Not
Not apply
apply water
water to
to aa foam
foam blanket
blanket

Do
Do Not
Not wade
wade in
in foam
foam blanket
blanket

Reapplication
Reapplication of
of foam
foam as
as necessary
necessary

APPLICATION
RATES

APPLICATION
APPLICATION RATES
RATES

WHAT THEY CAN TELL YOU ?

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
WATER REQUIREMENTS
CONCENTRATE REQUIREMENTS
RESOURCE PRE-PLANNING

APPLICATION
APPLICATION RATES
RATES
AREA
AREA xx

2000

RATE
RATE ==

.10

GPM
GPM of
of Solution
Solution

200 gpm

APPLICATION
APPLICATION RATES
RATES
AREA
AREA xx

2000

GPM
GPM

200

xx

RATE
RATE ==

GPM
GPM of
of Solution
Solution

%CON.
%CON. ==

GPM
GPM of
of Concentrate
Concentrate

.10

.03

200 gpm
6 gpm

APPLICATION
APPLICATION RATES
RATES
AREA
AREA xx

2000

RATE
RATE ==

GPM
GPM of
of Solution
Solution

.10

200 gpm

GPM
GPM

xx

%CON.
%CON. ==

GPM
GPM of
of Concentrate
Concentrate

GPM
GPM

xx

%Water
%Water ==

GPM
GPM of
of Water
Water

200

200
200

.03

.97

6 gpm

194 gpm

APPLICATION
APPLICATION RATES
RATES
AREA
AREA xx

2000

RATE
RATE ==

GPM
GPM of
of Solution
Solution

.10

200 gpm

GPM
GPM

xx

%CON.
%CON. ==

GPM
GPM of
of Concentrate
Concentrate

GPM
GPM

xx

%Water
%Water ==

GPM
GPM of
of Water
Water

GPM
GPM

xx

TIME
TIME ==

TOTAL
TOTAL GAL
GAL CONC.
CONC.

200

200
200
6

.03

.97
15

6 gpm

194 gpm
90 gal

APPLICATION
APPLICATION RATES
RATES
AREA
AREA xx

2000

RATE
RATE ==

GPM
GPM of
of Solution
Solution

.10

200 gpm

GPM
GPM

xx

%CON.
%CON. ==

GPM
GPM of
of Concentrate
Concentrate

GPM
GPM

xx

%Water
%Water ==

GPM
GPM of
of Water
Water

GPM
GPM

xx

TIME
TIME ==

TOTAL
TOTAL GAL
GAL CONC.
CONC.

GPM
GPM

xx

TIME
TIME ==

TOTAL
TOTAL GAL
GAL WATER
WATER

200

200
200
6

194

.03

.97
15

15

6 gpm

194 gpm
90 gal

2910 gal

TESTING CRITERIA

TEST
TEST CRITERIA
CRITERIA

Testing For:

Extinguishment (Time)
Sealability
Vapor Suppression
Heat Resistance

Burnback Resistance

UL
UL162
162TESTING
TESTINGCRITERIA
CRITERIA

1 MIN PREBURN

50 ft2

Fixed gal.
Aspirating
Nozzle

UL
UL162
162TESTING
TESTINGCRITERIA
CRITERIA

Type II - Fixed 5 min

Foam Application

EXTINGUISHMENT ?

UL
UL162
162TESTING
TESTINGCRITERIA
CRITERIA

2 Torch tests over

a 15 min. Period

21

SEALABILITY ?

UL
UL162
162TESTING
TESTINGCRITERIA
CRITERIA

1 min. Preburn
Remove Chimney
Not Greater Than 20%
Reinvolvement over a
5 min. Time Period

10 ft

27

BURNBACK RESISTANCE ?

TESTING
TESTINGFOR
FOR

PROPORTIONING
PROPORTIONINGACCURACY
ACCURACY

LIGHT

LENS COVER

EYE PIECE

REFRACTOMETER
REFRACTOMETER

SAMPLE
LENS

SCALE
3.00
2.00

COLOR SEPARATION OR LINE

1.00

AS VIEWED THROUGH EYE PIECE

TESTING
TESTINGFOR
FOR

PROPORTIONING
PROPORTIONINGACCURACY
ACCURACY

1%

3%

CONDUCTIVITY

6%

EXPANSION
EXPANSION&&DRAINAGE
DRAINAGETESTING
TESTING

FOAM SLIDER

FOAM STREAM
1600 mL FOAM
CONTAINER
CLEAR TUBING &
SHUTOFF VALVE
CYLINDER WITH
5 ml GRADUATIONS

HAZMAT
FOAMS

HAZMAT
HAZMATVAPOR
VAPORMITIGATION
MITIGATION

Insulates chemical from:

UNIVERSAL
GOLD

Solar radiation
Ambient air
Heat input
Reduces vaporization
Suppresses vapors
Absorbs vapors and particulates
Medium Expansion

FOAM
FOAM STABILIZERS
STABILIZERS
More durable than conventional foam blankets
Combination of alcohol foam and a chemical stabilizer
Provides long term sealability of non-water-reactive hazardous
materials
It is not readily biodegradable
Must be disposed of in accordance with U.S. EPA regulations,
preferably through incineration

VAPORS

THE
THE NEW
NEW HAZARD
HAZARD BLENDED
BLENDED FUELS
FUELS

THE
THE NEW
NEW HAZARD
HAZARD

BLENDED GASOLINE
MTBE - TAME - ETBE - Ethanol - Methanol

ARE
ARE YOU
YOU
PREPARED
PREPARED
FROM NOVEMBER TO FEBRUARY THIS
PUMP CONTAINS OXYGENATED FUEL

NEW
NEWHAZARDS,
HAZARDS,BLENDED
BLENDEDFUELS
FUELS

GASOLINE BLENDING
Blending a Polar Solvent with a
Hydrocarbon
Process Performed at Refinery Level

RESULTS
Higher vapor pressure and low surface
tension

PRODUCTS USED IN BLENDING

MTBE - Methyl Tertiary BUTYL ETHER
METHANOL
ETHANOL

MTBE
MTBESTUDY
STUDYRESULTS
RESULTS
Air-aspirated nozzles are a must
AFFFs have extreme difficulty with film formation and have not
been able to achieve UL listings, even at higher application rates
AR-AFFFs do not produce a polymeric membrane due to low
alcohol content but are effective at increased application rates
because of their blanket stability
Universal Gold is UL listed for type lll application
Aer-O-Foam XL-3 is UL listed type ll & lll application
Re-Application may have to be more frequent

MTBE
MTBESTUDY
STUDYRESULTS
RESULTS
MTBE Blended fuels burn hotter than regular gasoline
They have an increased vapor pressure
The longer the preburn, the more difficult the extinguishment
Foam blanket quality is critical to extinguishment and post fire
security
Reduced surface tension inhibits effective film formation typically
expected from AFFFs
Low levels of polar attractiveness do not activate polymeric
precipitation from within AR-AFFFs

NFPA
NFPAAPPLICATION
APPLICATIONTYPES
TYPES

NFPA TYPE I
MOELLER TUBE

NFPA TYPE II
FIXED PROTECTION

NFPA TYPE III

GROUND ATTACK

DEFLECTOR
FOAM SOLUTION INLET

FUEL

OBSOLETE

FUEL

FOAM SOLUTION INLET

FUEL

MONITOR & HAND

LINE APPLICATION

Foam Concentrate Should be Listed for Type II or Type III

MTBE
MTBE TEST
TEST RESULTS
RESULTS

Failed

Passed
Extinguishment

FluoroProtein

38

12

50

Sealability
Burnback

AR-AFFF

50
0%

20%

38
40%

60%

6 6
80%

100%

Passed

FILM
FILMFORMATION
FORMATIONON
ON
MTBE/GASOLINE
MTBE/GASOLINEBLENDS
BLENDS

FILM FORMATION
SCREW
FUEL

15 - 30% MTBE BLENDED FUEL

UNLEADED GASOLINE

CONCENTRATE
CONCENTRATE LABELING
LABELING

UNDERSTANDING
UNDERSTANDINGTHE
THEFOAM
FOAMPAIL
PAILLABEL
LABEL

3 x 3 AR-AFFF

FOAM CONCENTRATE TYPE

PERCENT OF USAGE

STORAGE TEMPERATURE RANGE

APPROVAL & LISTINGS

HANDLING CONSIDERATIONS

CLASS
CLASSB
BFOAM
FOAM CONCENTRATE
CONCENTRATEAPPROVALS
APPROVALS

UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES

U.L.

FACTORY MUTUAL

F.M.

U. S. COAST GUARD
MILITARY (QPL)

U.S.C.G.
MIL. SPEC.

MIL-SPEC
MIL-SPECCONCENTRATES
CONCENTRATES
MUST MEET LATEST REV. OF MIL-F-24385_
EACH MFGR. USES SPECIFIC LABELING OR NAMES TO
IDENTIFY THEIR OWN MIL-SPEC CONCENTRATES
AER -O- WATER
6%

EM

CONCENTRATES SHOULD BE MIXED AND STORED ONLY

WITH CONCENTRATES APPEARING ON THE Q.P.L. (Qualified
Products List)
THE SPEC CALLS FOR A BLUE PAIL (Many Mfgrs. take exception
to the blue pail)
COVERS ONLY 3% AND 6% AFFF CONCENTRATES

TRAINING FOAM

$ Low Cost
Environmentally Safe
Biodegradable in 48 hours
Can be Proportioned at 3% or 6%
Great for Line Eductor Training Scenarios
Uses the Same Foaming Agents Found in
National Foams AFFF Concentrates

National Foam Inc.. 1994

STORAGE
STORAGE
AND
AND COMPATIBILITY
COMPATIBILITY

FOAM
FOAM COMPATIBILITY
COMPATIBILITY

IN STORAGE
Do Not Mix Concentrates of Different Types.
(i.e. AFFF, Protein, FFFP)
Similar Types of Concentrates May be Mixed for
Immediate Use On Fire (i.e. AFFF to
AFFF,
Protein to Protein)
Follow Manufacturers Recommendations for
Mixing
Concentrates for Long Term Storage

FOR FIREFIGHTING
Dissimilar Concentrates May be Applied to a
Fire,
AFFF and Proteins etc;

COLD
COLD WATER
WATER FOAM
FOAM

COLD WATER
FOAM

FORMULATED FOR USE WHEN WATER

TEMPERATURES ARE EXTREMELY LOW

COLD
COLD FOAM
FOAM
FORMULATED FOR USE IN COLD TEMPERATURES
FREEZE
POINT

NON FREEZE PROTECTED

TYPICAL STORAGE AND USE

-50

-30

-10

10

30

50

70

90

110

F
-40

FREEZE
POINT

-20

20

40

60

80

TYPICAL STORAGE AND USE

FREEZE PROTECTED

100

120

MATERIALS
MATERIALSOF
OFCONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTIONFOR
FORUSE
USEWITH
WITHPROTEIN
PROTEINBASED
BASEDFOAM
FOAM

Mild (Carbon) Steel (piping and storage)

High Density Cross Linked Polyethylene (storage tanks)
High Density Polyethylene (piping)
PVC (piping)
Fiberglass with Isophthalic Based Polyester (piping/storage)
Brass or Bronze (valves/piping)
Buna N or Teflon Seals, O Rings, Etc.

Note: Stainless and galvanized storage tanks or piping

should
not be used to contain protein foam concentrates.

MATERIALS
MATERIALSOF
OFCONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTIONFOR
FORUSE
USEWITH
WITHSYNTHETIC
SYNTHETICBASED
BASED

Stainless Steel - 304L or 316 (piping and storage)

High Density Cross Linked Polyethylene (storage tanks)
High Density Polyethylene (piping)
PVC (piping)
Fiberglass with Isophthalic Based Polyester (piping/storage)
Brass or Bronze (valves/piping)
Buna N or Teflon Seals, O Rings, Etc.
Note:

Mild steel or galvanized storage tanks or piping should

not be used to contain synthetic foam concentrates.

APPARATUS
APPARATUSFOAM
FOAMTANKS
TANKS
PRESSURE VACUUM VENT
AIR TIGHT COVER WITH
GASKET AND LATCH
SPLASH BAFFLE
PROTECTIVE SCREEN
MINIMAL AIR TO
CONCENTRATE INTERFACE

CONCENTRATE
TANK

INCORRECT
INCORRECTCONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTIONOF
OF
AN
ANAPPARATUS
APPARATUSFOAM
FOAMTANK
TANK
LOOSE AND UNSEALED COVER

Latex
Paint

Same as leaving a
paint can open

CONCENTRATE
TANK

FOAM
FOAM STORAGE
STORAGE

CONSIDERATIONS
LOCATION
TEMPERATURES
CONTAINER MATERIAL
FACILITY
RAPID TRANSPORTATION

SHELF
SHELF LIFE
LIFE

AFFECTED BY
CONTAMINATION
EVAPORATION
DILUTION
STORAGE MATERIALS
EXTREME TEMPERATURES

ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
ISSUES
ISSUES

ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT
IMPACT

BOD

THE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN

CONSUMED BY THE DECAY OF
ORGANIC MATERIAL

The
The Larger
Larger the
the BOD
BOD Number
Number the
the Higher
Higher the
the
Organic
Organic Content
Content

National Foam Inc.. 1996

ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT
IMPACT

COD
COD
DISSOLVED
DISSOLVED OXYGEN
OXYGEN
REQUIRED
REQUIRED TO
TO EFFECT
EFFECT
COMPLETE
COMPLETE OXIDATION
OXIDATION
OF
OF A
A CHEMICAL
CHEMICAL

BOD
BOD2020 TO
TO COD
COD RATIO
RATIO INDICATES
INDICATES THE
THE DEGRADABILITY
DEGRADABILITY
Ratios
Ratios Greater
Greater than
than 0.5
0.5 Generally
Generally Considered
Considered Acceptable
Acceptable
National Foam Inc. 1996

EXAMPLE
EXAMPLEOF
OFBOD
BOD2020/ /COD
CODRATIO
RATIO

UNIVERSAL
is 215,000 mg/kg
UNIVERSAL GOLD
GOLD BOD
BOD20
20 is 215,000 mg/kg
COD
COD is
is 276,000
276,000 mg/kg
mg/kg
215,000
/ 276,000 COD == 0.78
215,000 BOD
0.78
BOD 20
20 / 276,000 COD
The
The Ratio
Ratio For
For Universal
Universal GOLD
GOLD is
is 0.78
0.78
Indicating
Indicating Favorable
Favorable Degradability
Degradability

National Foam Inc. 1996

FOAM
FOAM TREATABILITY
TREATABILITY

FOAMING
FOAMING IS
IS COMMON
COMMON IN
IN THE
THE
WASTE
WASTE TREATMENT
TREATMENT PROCESS
PROCESS
FOAMING
FOAMING CAN
CAN BE
BE REDUCED
REDUCED
BY
BY
GENTLE
GENTLE WATER
WATER APPLICATION
APPLICATION
OR
-FOAMER
OR USE
USE OF
OF A
A DE
DE-FOAMER
National Foam Inc. 1996

WETTING AGENTS

WHAT IS A WETTING AGENT?

Per NFPA-18 Standard for Wetting Agents

A chemical compound which, when added to

water in proper quantities, materially reduces
surface tension, increases its penetrating and
spreading abilities, and may also provide
emulsification and foaming characteristics

THERE
THERE IS
IS A
A DIFFERENCE
DIFFERENCE
FOAM & WETTING AGENTS ARE NOT THE SAME
SEPARATE STANDARDS WITHIN THE SAME TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

UL CLASS B FOAM TEST

2 GPM Rate of Application
Extinguishing Time Limit
Sealability Test
Burnback Resistance Test
Foam Quality (expansion & drainage)

UL WETTING AGENT TEST

10 GPM Rate of Application
No Extinguishing Time Limit
No Sealability Test
No Burnback Test
No Foam Quality Testing
CH
IE

SECURING METHOD

EXTINGUISHING METHOD

UL
UL FIRE
FIRE TEST
TEST COMPARISON
COMPARISON
FOAM
FOAM // WETTING
WETTING AGENTS
AGENTS
UL Criteria

Foam
Concentrate

Wetting
Agents

Fire Test
Fuel

Heptane
55 gallons

Heptane
55 gallons

Flow Rate

2 GPM

10 GPM

5 Times Higher Flow

Rate for Same Test

Notes

Extinguishing
Time

3 Minutes or Less for

Full Extinguishment

None

Wetting Agents are Allowed Unlimited

Dilution as Long as Test Pan
Does Not Overflow

Sealability

Two Tests During a 9

Minute Waiting Period

None

Critical for Post Fire Security

Burnback
Resistance

Required After Foam

Blanket Rests for 9 Minutes

None

Critical for Post Fire Security

Alcohol
Resistance

AR-AFFF is Tested by U.L.

for Use on Alcohol and Other
Polar Solvent Fuels

None

Oxygenated Gasoline Additives are

Polar Solvents, and May Require
Alcohol Resistant Foam

WILDFIRE FOAM

WILDFIRE
WILDFIRE FOAM
FOAM

TERRAFOAM
URBAN INTERFACE AND WILDLAND APPLICATION

THE DURABLE PROTEIN WILDFIRE FOAM

TERRAFOAM
NATURAL PROTEIN BASE
12 TO 96 hr. DURABILITY
ADHERES TO VERTICAL SURFACES
EXCELLENT WETTING AGENT
RAISES MOISTURE CONTENT IN CLASS A FUELS
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY

TERRAFOAM
PROPORTIONING
PROPORTIONING TECHNIQUES
TECHNIQUES

Batch Mixing
In-Line Proportioner
Around-The-Pump Proportioning
Bladder Tank Proportioning
Direct Injection

TERRAFOAM
APPLICATION
APPLICATION TECHNIQUES
TECHNIQUES

Aspirating Nozzle / Attachment

CAFS (Compressed Air Foam System)

THE
NATIONAL
FOAM
CLASS A
FOAM
TRAINING
PROGRAM

WILDLAND FIRES

STRUCTURAL

CLASS
CLASS A
A FUELS
FUELS
TIRES
PLASTIC

PAPER
CLOTH
WOOD
BRUSH

TERMINOLOGY
FOAM
FOAM CONCENTRATE
CONCENTRATE
As
AsPurchased
Purchasedfrom
fromManufacturer
Manufacturer

++ Water
Water ==

FOAM
FOAM SOLUTION
SOLUTION
Concentrate
ConcentrateProportioned
Proportionedwith
withWater
Water

++ Air
Air ==

FINISHED
FINISHED FOAM
FOAM
Air
AirAspirated
AspiratedFoam
FoamSolution
Solution

A BURNING PROCESS

HEAT
OXYGEN

CHEMICAL
CHAIN
REACTION

FUEL

EXTINGUISHING
EXTINGUISHINGPROCESS
PROCESS

ISOLATE THE FUEL

TEMPERATURE REDUCTION
SEPARATE THE SUPPLY OF OXYGEN
CHEMICALLY INTERRUPT OR TERMINATE
THE CHAIN REACTION

WHAT IS CLASS A FOAM?

A Detergent Based Synthetic Foam Concentrate

Contains Hydrocarbon Surfactants, Foaming Agents
and Stabilizers
Lowers Surface Tension of Water
Most Concentrates are Non-Hazardous, NonCorrosive
and Non-Flammable extinguishing agents

SURFACE
SURFACETENSION
TENSION
WATER
WATERVs
VsCLASS
CLASSA
AFOAM
FOAM

LOWER SURFACE TENSION ALLOWS

WATER TO PENETRATE CLASS A FUELS

HOW DOES CLASS A WORK?

HOW
HOW CLASS
CLASS A
A WORKS
WORKS

SPREADS WATER OVER THE FUEL

SLOWLY RELEASES ITS WATER

ADHERES TO ITSELF
PENETRATES THE FUEL

CLASS
CLASSA
AFOAM
FOAMAS
ASAAFIRE
FIREBARRIER
BARRIER

CLASS A PROPORTIONING
WETTING AND PENETRATING
0.1% to 0.3%
Brush, Trash, Etc.

STRUCTURAL ATTACK
0.3% to 0.5%

STRUCTURAL OVERHAUL
0.5 to 0.7%

EXPOSURE PROTECTION
0.7% to 1%

ADVANTAGES OF CLASS A FOAM

Increases effectiveness of water
Reduces suppression and mop-up time
Relatively easy to pre-mix
Effective on all types of class A fires
Can provide a short term fire barrier
Proportioning and application rates are Not Critical as
with class B foams
Raises moisture content in material by 50%
Absorbs 3 times more heat than plain water

CLASS A CONCERNS
As with most detergents or soaps,
it may be irritating to the skin or eyes.
By stripping the natural oils, it can reduce life
expectancy of leather goods such as footwear and
gloves.
The contents by nature are degreasers which strip
lubrication from hardware & devices. Frequent
lubrication is necessary after using Class A
foam.

TESTING
TESTING GUIDE
GUIDE LINES
LINES
NFPA
NFPA 298
Foam Chemicals for Wildland Fire Control
UL
UL Wetting Agent Test
USDA
USDA Forest Service
Interim Requirements for Wildland Fire Foam
Rochna-Schlobohm
Rochna-Schlobohm BLM
Foam Insulation Test

National Foam Inc. 1994

CLASS
CLASSA
APROPORTIONING
PROPORTIONING

Batch Mixing
In-Line Proportioner
Around-The-Pump Proportioning
Bladder Tank Proportioning
Direct Injection

National Foam Inc.. 1994

CLASS
CLASS A
A NOZZLES
NOZZLES

Conventional Water Fog Nozzle

Aspirating Nozzle / Attachment

CAFS (Compressed Air Foam System)

National Foam Inc.. 1994