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Dampproffing PDF
Dampproffing PDF
837 )
Name of Topic :
Presented on 23.10.2008
BY
Course Director
Guide
: Shri S. K . Garg
: S hri Manoj Arora
1.1
1,1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.1.4
1.1.5
1.1.6
External Cupboards
1.1.7
Balconies
1.2.
1.2.1
1.2.2
Sunken Floors
1.2.3
Floor Traps
1.2.4
1.1.1
75
100
125
150
200
50
13.4
8.7
6.6
5.3
4.4
3.3
65
24.1
16.0
12.0
9.6
8.0
6.0
75
40.8
27.0
20.4
16.3
13.6
10.2
100
85.4
57.0
42.7
34.2
28.5
21.3
125
80.5
64.3
53.5
40
150
83.6
62.7
(v) Spreading of Water on Roofs due to Overflowing from Water Tanks :This may happen due to missing of Float Valves .
Defective or broken float valves .
In RCF Colony , it is s een that defective Float Valves were not replaced with result
overflowing of water tanks.
No over flow pipes were provided in newly cons tructed quarters .
Action Plan
All m iss ing or defective float valves were replaced with good quality Float Valves in a time
bound manner.
Ins tructions iss ued to connect over flow pipes with Rain Water Pipes to s top splashing of
water on roofs (water tank on roof).
(vi) Bad Quality of Concrete used in RCC Roof Slab:Mos t of leakages can be elim inated if the quality of conc. of Roof Slab is ens ured.
A well com pacted & cured roof slab is its elf Water Proof.
Clos e s upervision at the tim e of cons truction can eliminate leakages due to faulty
cons truction.
RCC Roof Slabs expos ed to Sun lead to large number of hair cracks . Thes e hair cracks
are the sources of leakages . Hence Water Treatm ent is a mus t for every roof s lab to
prevent leakages .
(vii) Stagnation of water
Stagnation at the outlets is either due to wrong slopes of the roof or due to choking of rain
water pipes . Stagnation als o takes place due to depressions on the roof or level of inlet
RWP being higher than level of Khurra.
Terrace area is required to be sloped towards the outlets so that water flows freely.
Rain water outlet pipes s hould be provided with gratings at the m outh & they s hould be
regularly cleaned along with cleaning of roof to prevent from chocking.
Rain water pipes should be s ecured to the walls / columns by m eans of clam ps .
(viii) Poor Quality or Improper Methods adopted in Laying
Mudphuska roofing Etc. (Fig)
1.1.3
1.1.4
1.1.5
1.1.6
External Cupboards
Reasons:Provis ion of half brick thick walls in cupboards in the outer walls .
Use of poor quality bricks in external walls .
Provis ion of one layer of plas tering of 12 mm thickness without water proofing
compounds .
Remedy :In heavy rainfall Regions, dont provide cupboards in external walls .
External cupboards wherever provided be made water proof from the top & the s ides .
On the top of the cupboard, a roof projection at a s lope of 1 in 40 with a drip cours e will
keep rain water away.
Provis ion of good quality of full brick thickness in external cupboards .
15mm thick plas tering in two layers (10+5) with outer layer in 1:4, with water proofing
compound.
1.1.7.
Balconies
Balconies should be given a slope of 1 in 100 s o that rain water is drained out.
The m inimum s ize of the outlets should not be less than 50mm dia.
Step of 20 mm at the junction of Balcony with room be provided to s top back traveling of
rain water.
All outlets be planned in such a way so as to connect them with Rain Water Pipes
1.2.
1.2.1
1.2.2
Sunken Floors
Floors in bathrooms , kitchens & toilets are sunk to accommodate floor traps , was te
pipes & bends connecting the sanitary appliances & was te pipes . A potential s ource of
s eepage is the filli ng in sunken floors .
The pres ent practice of use of cinder as filling should be avoided as cinder is a major
culprit in holding the s eepage water.
Lime concrete fillers & lean concrete (PCC- 1:5:10) fillers in s ome cas es have given
better results .
The s unken floor slabs & s ides are to be plastered in cem ent mortar 1:4. Besides they
s hould be provided with water proofing treatment.
In spite of bes t of the precautions , occasionally water leaks in s unken floors .
To provide relief 40 mm dia GI pipes can be provided in the outer wall of s unken floor to
draw away the s eeped water (Fig 1 & 2).
1.2.3
Floor Traps
For preventing pass age of foul gas , traps with water seal are invariably used at every
fixture.
Floors in bath rooms , kitchen.
For effective drainage, the slope should not be less than 1 in 100.
Junction of the trap and the was te pipe which is embedded in the floor is a poss ible
s ource of leakages .
The joints should be thoroughly tes ted for leakages before doing the flooring (Figs ).
1.2.4
2.0
Recent Techniques
It has already been dis cuss ed about the Limitations of the Conventional m ethods . The need of
the hour is to go for recent techniques as discussed below;-
2.1`
Guniting
This is als o one of the conventional s ys tems. Cons is ts of depos iting an impervious layer of rich
cement mortar over the surface to be waterproofed & is carried out by using a special gun.
2.2
Grouting
This technique is ess entially used to reduce the poros ity or perm eability of concrete as
a 1st s tep towards Waterproofing.
High fluid materials known as grouts are injected into the body of conc. Under press ure,
s uch as cem ent grouts , polym er m odified cementitious grouts , epoxies etc. This is not a
complete sys tem & needs further treatment like coating.
2.3
Bitumen & Bituminous materials are still considered as very effective systems for
Waterproofing. These are used either as hot applied or cold applied.
The main advantages of these systems are :Low cos t, Cheap Labor, Eas y application.
The m ain advantages are :Black color, Fas t degradation under exposed conditions & UV Low res istance to high
differentials of temp.
2.4
2.5
Sealants
Used to seal the jo ints provided.
The main advantages of these systems are :Low cos t, Cheap Labor, Eas y application in structures like expansion, cons truction etc.
New generation sealants are bas ed on polysulphides , polyurethane, s ilicons , & new
generation s ingle part Sylyl terminated polyethers .
These are required to provide a seal agains t ingress or s eepage in addition to other
properties like m ovem ent accommodation etc.
3.0
3.1
3.2
Silicone coatings
These are colorless water repellent s olutions, which are mainly us ed to protect mas onry
s tructures .
These coatings are m ainly us ed as dam p proofing mas onry and concrete s tructures .
The advantages of thes e coatings are:- Low cos t, Eas y and fas t rate of application, can
be applied to a wide verity of s ub s tates (m asonry, tiles , concrete etc).
The dis advantages of these coatings are:- poor crack bridging characteris tics &
incapable of withstanding hydros tatic pressure.
Silicon based coatings are classified into:Silicones (Silicon resins , silanes & siliconates).
Silicates (alkaline s ilicates , dialkyl s ilicates etc).
3.3
3.4
3.5
Polyurethane coatings offer all the advantage of Epoxy based coatings including good
UV res is tance.
3.6
4.0
4.1
P olyurea
Polyurea applied mem brane coatings have the combined advantage of both Epoxy &
Polyurethane s ystems . This s ystem differs from normal Epoxy & Pol yurethane in
chemical com position & s uperior perform ance.
The advantages are:-Mos t ideal for waterproofing applications , Seam less , resilient,
excellent chem ical res istance, therm al s hock and puncture.
Environment friendly.
Curing rate ranging from 30 s ec to a few m inutes .
Extrem ely good therm al s tability.
5.0
5.1
Polypropylene fibres (s upplied by Fosroc) were added to the concrete at a dosage of 150gm
per bag of cem ent.
5.2
5.3
5.0
Problems in RCF
Due to persis tence problems in RCF, no. of agencies were cons ulted & finally the agency of
Panchkula studied the problems & s olutions as s ugges ted by them are as under:-
5.1
Proposed Solution: Remove the existing plas ter up to brick level. Making 15 mm grooves
joints . Clean & cure the surface properly.
in
Filling grooves by cem ent s and (1:2) mix with High Bond-40 @ 1Kg/bag of cement. Curing the
s urface for one day.
Apply 2 coats of walcrete coating with m ixing ratio of 1 part of High Bond-40, 4 part of water by
volum e, 11 part of walcrete by volum e. Mix it properly.
Again curing s urface for one day.
Over the Walcrete Coating, laying the plas ter with mixing ratio of 1 part of cement 4 part of
s and m ix with Stanro IW-4 @ 100gm /bag of cem ent.
6.2
6.3
Over that, apply two coat of Top coat B. Guard approxim ately 2feet around the pipe.
Note:- This treatment is a life long treatment & may be adopted for making new
Khurra as per requirements.
6.5 Permanent Repairing S ystem for Industrial Floor, Roads & Joints
Products: Cinter SL Screed J: 1.6 Kg/s qm /mm thickness
Exposed Concrete Road
Dismantling the loos e concrete from the pot holes / joints .
Using the conc. Cutter to give the proper shape.
Repair the pot holes with Cinter SL Screed J mix.
Inside the Factor y Shed floor
Cut the damaged corner floor/ floor joint by concrete cutter.
Remove the loos e conc. From the damaged floor.
Clean the surface thoroughly.
Filling the joint/ Concrete floor by Cinter SL Screed J m ix.
6.6 Water Proofing of Sub Station ( M RS )
Remove the exis ting treatm ent s uch as Tarfelt, Tile upto RCC Roof level.
Clean the surface thoroughly.
Sealing of all cracks and joints with BPG 700/ Cracks eal RTV.
Pressure Grouting the surface wherever it is required.
Apply one coat of B Guard Primer.
Over the Prim er coat apply top coat of B Guard .
Again relaying the m ud phus ka, tile terracy over the waterproofing coating to make the proper
s lope
6.7 Waterproofing Treatment of Factory Shed
Products: BP G 700 Prim er NP: 3gm /Metre & BPG 700 compound : 85 gm/Metre
Sealing of Sk y Lights
Clean the exis ting treatment from the glass & channel joints .
Sealing of all joints & nut bolts by BPG 700 com pound..
Apply one coat of B Guard Primer & over that apply Top coat of B Guard.
7.1
Rubberized water proofing coating s ingle com ponent. White colour. Abrasion Res istant,
was hable. Persons can walk over it .
Can be used as under coat or over coat. Reduces tem p. of interior because of UV reflection
property. E xcellent adhes ion to all building m aterials .
Cannot be applied on damp surfaces ( Apply chem is tics clear water proofer as a prim er coat
firs t ).
Uses: Water proofing of roofs, terraces , Bas ement, Water tanks .
Coverage per litre : 1st coat-50-55sqft. 2nd:65-70 s qft.
7.3
Tarothane
Manufacturer: M/s choksey Chemicals
Two component coating m ade of high quality Tar with polyurethane. White colour.
Can be used over existing Tar/ Bitumen treatm ent. Does not require recoating year after year.
Cannot be applied on damp surfaces.
E xcellent adhesion with concrete , AC Sheet & Steel.
No prim er required for concrete s urfaces .
Uses: Water proofing of roofs , terraces , AC Sheets , Toilet s unken portion, metal/concrete
tanks & Pipe lines .
Coverage per Kg: 4-5 s qm .
7.4
Mastercreet
Manufacturer: M/s choksey Chemicals
Polym eric m odifier for cem ent. To be us ed in the ratio of 2:1 (
2 cem ent * 1 m as tercreet)
for water proofing coating.
Can be used for mixing in cem ent paint to improve durability & to prevent dis coloration ( Mix
5% of cement ) .
Uses: Water proofing of Tanks, To improve adhes io n , durability, corrosion resis tance,
Im pact Strength of cem ent (Mi x 5-10% of cement paint ) .
Coverage per Kg: 1 kg s qm .
7.5.
Brush bond
Manufacturer: M/s FORSOK Chem icals
Acrylic Polym er modified cementitious coating (Two com ponents Brus hbond powder & Nit
bond BB Acrylic em uls ion).
Can be used for mixing in cem ent paint to improve durability & to prevent dis coloration ( Mix
5% of cement ) .
To be appli ed preferably on damp surfaces .
Uses: Water proofing of roofs & water Tanks etc. Strength of cement.
7.6
Tech coat
Manufacturer: M/s choks ey Chem icals
No prim er required for concrete s urfaces .
Polyurethane Rubber bas ed coating ( To be applied on dry s urfaces . No prim er needed ).
Uses:
Water proofing of roofs , terraces .
m etal/concrete tanks as inner & outer coating.
Protective coating on wood.
Exterior coating on walls.
Coverage per Litre : 4-5 s qm per coat.
7.7 .
7.8
Coatings which can be done over Damp Ceilings & Damp Walls to Prevent Seepage
7.8.1 Techoxy
Manufacturer: M/s choks ey Chem icals
Water thinable epoxy ( can be applied on damp surfaces als o) .
Can be overcoated with enamel paints excellent adhes ion.
No prim er required.
Uses:
Water proofing of Tanks ( on ins ide).
Interior Walls .
Coverage per Kg: 1s t Coat: 8-9 s qm & 2nd Coat: 10-11 s qm .
7.8.2
Tanks .
on
7.9.1
Crackseal
Manufacturer: M/s chemis ol Agencies
One Com ponent white sealing com pound on an Acrylic bas e which hardens to plas tic elas tic
putty with high elas ticity.
Surface to be preferably wet before applying.
Highly elastic & ductile in wide tem p. variations .
Does not shrink, crack or crumble.
Painting if required can be done directly over it.
Excellent adhesion to all building m aterials .
Application by s patula trowel, putty knife or by finger.
Uses: For filling cracks, joints & gaps of Doors , Windows, Concrete Slabs , Mas onry
Surface, Glass , tiles , pipes , AC/G.I. Sheat, Was h Bas ins and s inks .
Coverage per Kg: 6 r. m . for groove of 1cm by 1cm .
7.9.2 Techmast
Manufacturer: M/s choks ey Chem icals
One Com ponent butyl rubber based sealant.
Should be applied on absolutely dry surface.
Movem ent accomm odation 15% of total joint width.
Uses: Sealing of cracks in buildings , roofs , terraces , walls.
Techseal
Manufacturer: M/s choks ey Chem icals
Two Com ponent polysulphide bas ed sealant. One com ponent is liquid polys ulp hide primer.
2nd Component is an accelerator containing a chemicle curing agent.
After m ixing it forms a s trong rubber like s ubstance which is highly elas tic, flexible and has
outstanding res istance to weathering chem icles and excellent adhes ion to all Building
Materials .
Uses: Used where movem ent of joints is more & joint is subjected to high wear & tear
m ore res istance to weathering chem icles is required. For exam ple:-
and
Expans ion joints , joints in water retaining s tructures ( Dams , Canals etc).
Joints in basem ents , retaining walls , joints in Bridges , Roads , Car parks and joints in in dus tria l
heavy duty floor.
7.9.4 Chemistic Rubberized joint filler
Manufacturer: M/s chemis ol Agencies
Single Component , Black colour Sealant.
Highly elastic & ductile in wide tem p. variations .
Does not shrink, crack or crumble.
Painting if required can be done directly over it.
Excellent adhesion to all building m aterials .
Application by s patula trowel, putty knife or by finger.
Uses: For filling cracks, joints & gaps of Doors , Windows, Concrete Slabs , Mas onry Surface,
Glass , tiles, pipes, AC/G.I. Sheat, Wash Basins and s inks .
Coverage per Kg: 6 r. m. for groove of 1cm by 1cm .
Rigid Sealants
(To fill gaps, Joints, Cracks etc which dont Exhibit Movements)
7.10.4 Fe viseal
Manufacturer: M/s Pidlite
Two component Epoxy putty.
Sets hard within 20 m ts .
Final curing s trength achieved in 4 hrs.
Should not be us ed for hot areas .
Uses: For filling or s ealing cracks , gaps , holes , joints in Wood, Concrete, Metals and ceramic
( where there is no movem ent of joints).
7.11
Uses: Ins tant leak repair of cracks, joints & porous s ubs trates( resis tance to pos itive water
press ure). Buil ding roofs , terraces , Chimney bases , Gutters , Water channels , Bridges , Dams
SUMMARY
Leakages to great extent can be minimized by ens uring good quality cons truction i.e. by close
s upervision & us ing m aterials of approved make.
The durability of conc. not only depends on its s trength but als o on the perm eability of the conc.
Therefore, waterproofing should be made m andatory for all s tructures . During cons truction, the
integral waterproofing com pound either in powder or liquid form can be introduced in conc. to
improve the waterproofing characters by optimizing the water cement ratio. Now with the
invent of lates t technology polym er bas ed waterproofing s ys tems, it is much eas ier & effective
to achieve waterproofing properties .
FLOOR TRAP2
Mechanism of Water
Entry
WINDOW SILL
(DAMP NESS P REV ENTION MEAS URES IN BUILDING AT WINDOW SILL)
DRAINAGE OF ROOF
Expansion joint1
Expansion joint2
Expansion joint3
Expansion joint4
WC1
WC2