3.

044 MATERIALS PROCESSING

LECTURE 4

General Heat Conduction Solutions:

T
= k T, T (x, t)

t
Trick
one: steady state 2T = 0, T (x)
Trick two: low Biot number T = h(Ts Tf ), T (t)

Low Biot Number Solutions: Newtonian Heating / Cooling

Global Heat Balance:

qconv = qlost
A h(T Tf ) = cpT
V
T
t
=
hA
t
T Tf
cpV
ln(T Tf
hA
)= c t+C
p
V
@t = 0,T = Ts
ln(Ts Tf ) = C
Date: February 21st, 2012.
1

LECTURE 4

ln

T T

Ts Tf

T
Tf

=
e

hA
t
cp V

hA
cp
V

Ts
Tf

Transient Heat Conduction: depends on position and time

T
t

2
=
T
You shouldknow:
1) Some common solutions for simple geometries
2) Where to nd solutions
3) How to build up complex solutions using simple solutions
Semi-Innite Solid
- constant T1 at surface
- initially T0 everywhere

T T0
erfc
T1 T0

2 t


erf(z) =

ex2 dx

erfc = 1
erf
T (x) = (T1 T0)
T erfc
T0
(1)

T1 T0
T T0

= erfc

x
2 t

x
= erfc

T1 T0
2 t

x
2 t

(1)

.
+ T0

T0 T =
.
. (T T )
erf
x

0
2 t
T1 T0
T T1 = erf . x .

T1 T0
. 2x t.
T T1 = erf

T0 T1
2 t
Semi-Innite Solid
- convection at surface: qlost = h(T Tf )

.
.
.
.
.
.
=
2 xt EXP
+ h 2 k t ERFC 2 xt + kh t
WhereERFC
to nd these solutions:
hx
- Carslaw & Jaeger
k
- Crank
Dimensionless Numbers:
T T0 = erfc x
T1 T0
2 t
T T0
=
T1 T0
x
=
L
x = L
t
= 2
L2T
L
t=

= erfc L
L2
2

= erfc

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3.044 Materials Processing

Spring 2013

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