.

.
.
)
) (( CBR )
#
( )
( )

( . .

-

.

.

. .
. .
. .
.
.
. .
.
.

.

.
:
. Qualifying Samples
. Job Control Samples
. Split Samples
. Information Samples
. Laboratory Check Samples
. Acceptance Samples

 - . Qualifying Samples

.
- . Job Control Samples
.
.
- . Split Samples

.
- . Laboratory Check Samples


.
. Information Samples

.
- . Acceptance Samples
.
.

.

.



.
) (

/
/

50

1 CBR

21


( 3-

) Subgrade
4
-

12-

2 3 4-

8 9
10

5




1-


)

)
6

35

5 3 CBR



6
7-

2-

3-

( )

4



(
/
)

/

6


7


1

2
7


3(

)


4

5 -

1
2 8

3 4

10

-
Water Content

.
:

 . .
.
.

.
. ) ( .
.
.
. .
) ( WW ) : ( WS
WW
*
W
=
100
WS
-
.
) ( . .
) (

.
:

( 95 100 / ) )
)
100

10 50

300

1000
2
- ) Limit PL ) Liquid Limit (LL) And Plastic
. ) (A.Atterberg
:
. : (Shrinkage Limit (SL
.
. : ( Plastic Limit ( PL .
. : ( Liquid limit ( LL
.

* ) (SL ) (PL
) (

. .
.
* : ( Liquid limit ( LL

. :

 . .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
- :
. ) ) (Cassagrande - (
.
. ) ) ( ASTM - ( .

) (Spatula .

.
.

) (

) )

) )

) (
)(ASTM
) (
) ( Air-dry
) . ( ASTM D421-58

. . -
). (

. .
) ( .
.
.
* : ( Plastic limit ( LL
) (

) ( . ) (
- .
* : ( Plasticity Index ( PI
:
PI = LL - PL
:

 . .
. \ .

:
- :
:
- :
- :
:
:
:..
// :
14

+
39.40
))
+
34.00
))
14.95
) )

19.05
))
5.40
))

28.4
W
35
N
-

39

23

34.79

33.51

29.55

28.08

11.97

11.92

17.58

16.16

5.24

5.43

29.8

33.6

28

18
63

35

+
24.17
))
+
23.77
) )
21.53
) )
) ) 2.24
0.40
) )
= W
17.9
Wp

24.59
22.59
22.59
1.70
0.30
17.7

) (
Grain Size Distribution
Sieve Analysis
) ( ) ( :

100.00
75.00
50.00
37.5
25.00
19.00
12.5
9.5
4.75
2.00
0.850
0.425
0.180
0.075

4
3
2
2/1 1
1
4/ 3
2/1
8/3
4
10
20
40
80
200
) (
) ( Hydrometer


.
. .
D 422 & ASTM D-421
T 88 & AASHTO T 78

.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. :
. .
.
.
. .
.
.
. ) ( ) (
) ( .
. NaP03
- .
.
.

 . NaP03
.
.
.
. ) ( .
.
.
. :
.
.
.

Density of Soil in-place by Sand Cone Method

.

. .
. .

. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .

.
.
.

. .
.
.
. .
. .
=
.
.
= /

. :
=

 . :
)( = /

:
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
Compaction (Proctor ) Test

(d ) (dmax ) ( W
) Maximum Dry Unit Weight (Optimum Moisture Content, (OMC

. :
. . Standard Proctor Test
. . Modified Proctor Test

Mold
))
))
))
)
)

))

101.60
116.43
944

152.4
116.43
2124

101.6
116.43
944

152.4
116.43
2124

24.5

44.5

24.5

44.5

25
3

25
3

25
5

25
5

305

305

457

457

) (
:
) /= (
) )( ) ((/ )(
= /
Air Voids Zero .
:
. .
D 1557 78 & ASTM D- 698-78
T 180 90 & - AASHTO T 99
:
. Method A ) ( ) (
.

 . Method B ) ( ) (
.
. Method C ) ( )
( .
. Method D ) ( )
( .
. .
. .
Mold . Collar . Base Plate , Rammer . . .
. ) ( .
. .
. .
.

.
. . W1
. .
.
.
.
.
.
. . W2
. .
. ) ( .
. .
.
.

. wet
= d + wet ( 1 (
. d w
d max
=

). (OMC

, Unit Weight

:
= ) (

 Overburden Pressure
). (Piles
(Relative Density (Dr) (ASTM D 4253 , D 4254
) (Void Ratio, e
:
= Dr ) ( )
( .

( d min d max) d / ( d min d) d max = Dr

: Dr .

: d max .

: d .

: d min .
.

Very Loose
Loose
Medium
Compact
Compact
Very Compact
) (

10 15
15 35
35 65
65 85
85 100

= RC / .
) (
:
. .
( ASTM D 4253 (Minimum Index Density
(Maximum Index Density) ASTM D
. .
. Mold .
. Surcharge Base Plate .
. .
. ) .(
. . Vibrating Table
. .
.
d max , Maximum Index Density

) )
75
38
19
9.5
4.75
.
.
.
.
.
.

) )
34
34
11
11
11

))
14200
14200
2830
2830
2830

.
.
.

.
.
.

d Max . .
. ) ( .

d min Minimum Index Density

. :

) ) )
)
)
)

14200
34
75

14200
34
38

2830
11
19

2830
11
9.5

2830
11
4.75
.

.
. .
. .

. d min .
. ) (
.
. :
( d min d max) d / ( d min d) d max = Dr

: Dr .
: d max .

 : d .
: d min .

Specific Gravity of Soils ,Gs

.

2.65 2.68

2.65 2.68

2.62 2.68

2.58 2.65

2.68 2.75



.
) (
:
. .
ASTM 854
AASHTO T -100
. .
. .
. .
. .

.
. .
. Wa .
. .
. :
- . Vacuum . . .
. . Wb
. . Wo
. .
) ( .{ (Gs @ Tx = W o { W o + ( W a W b
:
: TX .
: Wo .
: Wa .
: W b .
) = ( ) ( ) ) / water. ( water ( (
California Bearing Ratio , CBR


) ( ) ( ) . ( ) . (

) ( , .
. .
ASTM 854
AASHTO T -100
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
. .
. Wa .
. .
. :
- . Vacuum . . .
. . Wb
. . Wo
. .
) ( .{ (Gs @ Tx = W o { W o + ( W a W b
:
: TX .
: Wo .
: Wa .
: W b .
) / water = ( ) ( ) ( ). ( water (

California Bearing Ratio , CBR

) ( ) ( ) . ( ) . (

) ( , .

CBR

0-3
37
7 20

20-50

USC

AASHTO
A5 ,A6,A7 OH,CH,MH,OL

A4 , A5 ,A6,A7 OH,CH,MH,OL

A2 , A4 ,A6,A7 OH,CH,MH,OL

A1b , A2
GM

5,
,GC,SW

A3,A2-6
,SM ,SP,GP

GW ,GM

A1a,A24,A3

) ( ) ( CBR
:

( )
6.9
10.3
13.00
16.00
18.00
) ( ) ( CBR
:
. .
ASTM D 1883 - 87
AASHTO T 193- 81
. .

( )
2.5
5.00
7.5
10
12.7

. CBR :
Mold . Collar . Base Plate , Rammer . . . . .

. .
. ) ,(
.
. .
. Mold .
. .
. .
.
.
. .
. .
. ) Overburden
( Pressure .
. Dial Gauge .
.

.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.

.

.
.

.
) ( )(
:
) = ( CBR / . ()

.
.
) ( ) ( .
.

)Coarse Aggregate AASHTO( T27-78 Sieve Analysis Of Fine And
.
.
. :
.
- .
.
. :
.
) ( .
- ) ( .
. :
- .
-
.
-


.
:
/

/
/
/ :
)( :
/

/ :
)( :
- .
- T-11-78
.

 -
.
. :




.


.
. :

.
. :


:
=
=

.: =
.

.
Absorption & Aggregate Specific Gravity

.
:
. .
C 128 & ASTM C 127
- T & AASHTO T 84
. .
. Pycnometer .
. .
. Tamper .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .

.
.
.
.
. Saturated
(Surface Dry (SSD
.

 . .
. .
. :
-
(Bulk Specific Gravity = A / ( B + 500-C
:
= A .
= B .
= C .

( Gravity = A / ( B + A C Apparent Specific

( [ A) / A ) = [ ( 500X 100 Absorption

. ) (
.
:

) )
))
12.5
2
19
3
25
4
37.5
5
50
8
63
12
75
18
90
25
100
40
112
50
125
75
150
125
. .
. .
. .
. :
-
. (Bulk Specific Gravity = A / ( B -C

= B / ( B C ) SSD
= A .
= B .
= C .

)A / ( A C = Apparent Specific Gravity


( )= ( B A ) / A x 100Absorption
Los Angelos Abrasion
.

. .
ASTM C 131
AASHTO T 96
. .
. .
. .
. :

.
:

12
11
8

5000
4584
3330

A
B
C

. :

37.5
25
19
12.5
9.5
6.3
4.75

25
19
12.5
9.5
6.3
4.75
2.36

A
1250 25
1250 25
1250 10
1250 10

2500 10
2500 10

5000 10
.

2500 10
2500 10

5000 10

5000 10

5000 10
5000 10

) (

. .
. ). (Wo
.

) . ( Wf
. :
)Wo x 100 / ( Wo Wf) = (
:
: Wo .
: Wf .

 ) (
Soundness Of Aggregate

.
:
. .
ASTM C 88
AASHTO T 104
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.
.
. ) ( :

300 5
1000 10
1500 50
5000 300

4.75 9.5
9.5 19
19 37.5
37.5 63

7000 1000

.
.

.
.
.
.

.


.

.

Chloride Barium .

.

.

 .
.

. (ASTM C117 , AASHTO T 11) :
. :
) )( ( .
. :

.
- .
- .
.
- .
. :

(2.36 )

(4.75 )

/
(9.5 )

/
(19 )

/
(37.5)

) )
. :
.


.
- .
- .
. :

=

. :
) ( .

( ASTM C142 , AASHTO T 112 ) :
. :
.
. :
0.10

.
.
.
.

. :

0.50

1.00

2.5

.
.
.
(
)

5.00

.
.
.

) (T 11

) (T 11 .
.
.

:

)
4.75 ) /
)
9.5 ) / /
)
19 ) / /
)
/ )

) )
1
2
3
5

. ) (
.
. :
.

:

0.850 ) )
))
2.36 ) )
)
4.75 ) /
2.36 ) )
)
9.5 ) / /
4.75 ) )
)
19 (4/3 /
4.75 ) )
)
/ )
.
.
* :
.
*
.

. :

100

.
= .
= .
= .

*



) (-
.
.
( ASTM D2419 - AASHTO T 176 ) :
. :
.
. :

.
- / .

.
- / .
-


.
- ). (
- .
:
.
) ( ). (U.S.P
) ( ) ( .
/ ) ( .
.

.
.
. :
:
.
.
- .
-

.
-
)(

.



.

 - .


.
. :

100
=

.
.
-
( ASTM C 29) , ( Unit Weight of Aggregates ( AASHTO T 19-76
. :
.
. :
:
- .
- / /
.

. /
/ .
:

() - ( )
152 2.5
28.317
203 2.5
94.39
254 2.5
141.585
356 2.5
283.17

( )
154 2.5
292 2.5
279 2.5
284 2.5

) )

2.5
5
2.5
5
3
5
3
5

) )
13
25
38
101

. ) (

999.01
62.366
60
998.54
62.336
65
997.97
62.3001
70
997.54
62.274
73.4
997.32
62.261
75
996.59
62.216
80
995.83
62.166
85
. :
) AASHTO
( T-248 .

15.6
18.3
21.1
23
23.9
26.7
29.4

:
. .
. .
. .
. .

/ .
-

.
-
.

.
:
- / .




.
-
:
.
- " "Scoop


.
.

Materials Sampling Bituminous
( AASHTO T-40 ) :


.
.
:
- .
- .
.
- :
. .

 . .
.
( AASHTO T-48 ) :

79 .
. .



.

.
). (

) (
Materials Penetration Of Bituminous
( AASHTO T-49 ) :

.

) (

.
.


.


.

) ( .
.
) ( ) (
) ( ) (

) (
) (
.

) (B46.1
_ ) ( .
)
( , )
( ) (

 , )
( .
.

) (
: ) ( ) ( .
. :
) (


.
.
. :
:
- ) ( ) ( ASTM
)( ) ( .
- ) ( ) ( ) (
) - + ( .
- ) ( ) (
) ( .

) ) ASTM E
.( ( 77
. :

) ( "
) ( " .
. :




.
. :

.
.
) (
) ( ,

.

.
) ( , / ) (
) (
) (
/ ) ( ) (
) (
/ ) (
) ( ) (
) ( .
.


.






)
(

.

.
) / ( ) / (


.
.

.
:

49

50
149

150
249

250

.

:

)(

)(

) )

15 *

*
.
) ( Kinematic Viscosity of Asfalt
( AASHTO T 201 ) :
.

- )(
( , )
) ( )
( ) ( . (( CST
-
.
) (
) (

(
)
). (CST
.


.
.
- :
.
/ )(
/ . )
= - ( .
-
/ /
.
-

/ . ) / ( )
( Poise /
) = ( .
. :
- ) (VISCOMETERS

:
) ( .
) ( .
) ( .
.
- ) : ( THERMOMETERS

) ( ) (
) ( .

.
) ( ) ( )
(
,
.

.
.

 ) ( ) (

) ( ) (

) ( ) (

) (
- :
) (VISCOMETER )
(

) ( .
) ( ) (USP

) ( ) (
).(AASHTO T48
- :
:
.

.

.
.
)
(
.
-
:
) ( .
.
,

) ( .


.
)(
) (

.
) . ( ASPHALT CEMENT

.
)
( .


.
) (- ) (- .
( )

. )
( .
.
.
. .
. .
. .
.

.

.


.
.
:
.
) ( = .
:
= ) ) ( VISCOMETER / (
= ) ( .
.
) ( .
:

.
.


.

) )

)
) ) )
0.64

))
1.8

)
)
0.53

1.5

0.71

2.0

3.2

8.9

) )

3.1

8.8

)
)
1.06

3.0

) )

3.11

9.00

) )

3.6

1.00

) (S ) (D2S
). (R2

 .
) (
. :
_ ) _ (
) (
, )( :
=/

= ) ( .
= ) ( .
:
.
.
) (BS-IP-RF ). (U
.
) (
, :
)( = ) + ) (( .
:
= .
= .
= .
= )( )(
.
:

4 ) )
= / =

) )

:
= ) (
= .
= .
= .
= /.
) ( = .
)( )(
:

= .
= .
= .
= .
""
.

 ) )

( 5122 )

(5100 )

(5210
)

60

200

600

280

32

2000

8000

27000

11000

) (
. .
""
" "


.

.
.
) ( :
.

.
= ) ( .
=
= ) ( .
=

) ( Absolute Viscosity of Asphalt

(ASTM D 2171) (AASHTO T 202):
.
) (
( .
)
:
)
(.
.

.

.

:


) (.

.
) (
) ( .

.
.


.



.





.

.



.

) (
.

.

)/ (

" " , .

.
" "
" " .

.
.

,
.


.

.

5 )

.
(

 ) ,

.
(
:
(

)
.

) ( .
)( )
. (
)
( .



.

.

.


.

.
:
)
(



.

) (

) (

 ) (

Softening Point
) . ( AASHTO T - 53
.
.
.
.

.
.

.

.
.
. ) ( .
. ) / ( .
. ) ( .
. .
. ) (.
) " "
( ) ( " )
( " .
) "
( .
.
.
. .
.

.

.
.

.
) (

0.91 0.01 A

23 0.3

B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I

0.78 0.01
0.75 0.01
0.63 0.01
0.17 0.01
0.08 0.01
0.25 0.02
0.14 0.01
0.11 0.01

19.8 0.3
19.1 0.3
15.9 0.3
4.4 0.3
2 0.3
6.4 0.4
3.6 0.3
2.8 0.3

) (

0.91 ( A ) ( 23.1 )
0.78 ( B ) ( 9.6 )
1.5 0.3
0.06 02. 0 C
24.6 0.3
0.97 0.01 D
0.8 0.5
0.03 0.02 E
3 0.5
0.12 0.02 F
1.5 0.3
0.06 0.01 G
4.8 0.3
0.19 0.01 H
4.3 0.3
0.17 0.01 I
) (

) (

0.75 ( A )

( 19.1 )

B
C
D
E
F

0.94 0.02
3 0.02
0.22 0.02
0.22 0.02
2.62 0.02

23.9 0.5
76.2 0.5
5.6 0.5
5.6 0.5
66.5 0.5

)( ) ( C )-(
) ( .
)(: ) ( A )-(
.
)( : ) ( ) (
.
.
) (
.

) (Ethyleneglycol

.
.
.
.
.

.

.

.
7
:
1.
.
2.
) . )
3.

.
4.
.
5.
.
7
) :( AASHTO T 40-72
1.

.
2.



.
.

.

3.

: ) (

) (

1450

16

50

950

11

37.5

950

25

650

19

400

12.50

250

9.50

250

4.75

250

2.38
4.

) (
5.
:
) (SHOVEL / SCOOP



,
.
.
*
. (Stock Pile)
6.
:
( PAVER )
) , (
.

.
7.
.
) (
.


150
150
.
. 7
1.
:
) )

 ,
.
2.
:
3600 1.

.
. 2. 0.005
100-200 3. 5
.
3.
:
. Trichloroethelene 1.
((NH4) 2 Co3). 2.

) (
4.
:
.
.

) )

) )

4.00

37.500

3.00

25.00

2.00

19.00

1.50

12.500

1.00

9.500

0.500

4.75
5.

.


.


) . (

.

) ( +
.
) (

 .

: ) (

) (( = (

-
6.
:
. =
. =

) ) +

= ) (

7.
:
. =
. =
. = +
) . = )
. 7
) : (AASHTO T-166-78 , ASTM D 2726
1.

1.
.
) (VMA) .

).
) 2.
. (
2.
:
. -
. -
3.

-


.
4.
:
: : - 1.

1.

- )(
. -
)(

)).
2.


) (A
) (C
(B).
: 1-
) = A/( C - B
:
= A
= B
= C

3.

: 2.) ( Paraffin Coated Specimen

1.
(A) .
.
2.


(D) .
3.
) (E
.
4.
) ( Specific Gravity of Paraffin
(F) .
5.

:
) . ) = A
) . ) = D
) . ) = E
. 25 51 = F
ASTM D )
: 2726 ) ,
) R = t * KS * ( B - C

 :
) ( Correction = R
25 = t
= KS
(Avarage Coefficient of Cubical Thermal Expansion of Bituminous Concrete
)= 6*10-5 ml/ml/c
6.

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7
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23

)
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24

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25

26

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27

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28

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29

30

31

32

-
Superpave asphalt mix Design procedures

.
) (Impact Compaction .
) (Superpave
.
) (Superpave . superior performing asphalt pavement
) . (SHRP
. )( ). (Models
) (ESALs
) (Rutting Level .
.
:
SST) )tester superpave shear (Tester (ITT Indirect Tensile

.

) ( ) ( Superpave

) (
] RV ] = Rotational Viscometer
] Rheometer DSR ] = Dynamic Shear
] DTT ] = Direct Tension Tester
] Rheometer BBR ] = Bending Beam
:
(Rotational Viscometer (RV
AASHTO PP-6:
) (Workability
. ,
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.

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(Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR

( AASHTO TP5) :
:
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.
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.
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:
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: :
(Superpave Shear Tester (SST

.
:
. Volumetric test
. Uniaxial strain test
.
Stress Ratio Repeatel Shear Test At Constant
. Simple shear test at constant height
.
height Frequency Sweep test at constant
. heigh Repeated shear test at constant
) ( Superpave

) (
Volumetric test
. :

()
( 5 )
830
4
690
20
550
40
- Uniaxial Strain test


.


()
( 5 )

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4
550
20
345
40
Constant Stress Ratio Repeated Shear Test at
Tertiary Rutting
.
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()
( 5 )
345
4

105
20
35
40
) 35 Teff ( PD

105
) Toff ( FC
constant height Frequency sweep test at

.
Teff Toff
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constant heigh Repeated shear test at
) ( SUPER PAVE
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-
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100

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400 200 200
51
6

400 200 150

43
6

400 200 100

37
6

400 200 70
31
3

400 200 70

) (


.
:

.

=

100

:

.