Penggunaan Past Perfect Tense

Yaitu suatu bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi telah selesai pada
suatu titik di masa lalu sebelum aksi lainnya terjadi.
Rumus:
1. Kalimat Verbal
(+)S + Had + Verb-3 + O/C
(-) S + Had + not + Verb-3 + O/C
(?) Had + S + Verb-3 + O/C?
2.

Kalimat Nominal
(+) S + Had been + O/C
(-) S + Had + not + been + O/C
(?) Had + S + been + O/C
Penunjuk waktu yang biasa digunakan:
Before
After
When
Until
By the time
Contoh Kalimat:
Kalimat verbal:
She had written a letter before her friend came
(-) She had not written a letter before her friend came
(?) Had she writtern a letter before her friend came?
Yes, she had. No, She had not (hadnt)
Kalimat nominal:
Father had been in London when grandmother died.
(-)Father had not been in London when grandmother died.
(?) Had father been in London when grandmother died?
Yes, he had. No he had not (hadnt)
Untuk lebih jelasnya, perhatikan contoh kalimat yang menggunakan past perfect tense berikut ini :
(+) She had studied English before she moved to Jakarta
(-) She had not studied English before she moved to Jakarta
(?) Had she studied English before she moved to Jakarta?

Past perfect tense memiliki beberapa penggunaan. Salah satu penggunaannya adalah untuk
menunjukkan sesuatu terjadi di masa lalu dan terus berlangsung sampai terjadinya aksi yang lain di
masa lalu. Untuk lebih jelasnya, Anda dapat memperhatikan contoh berikut :
I had had that car for five years before it broke down
My mother felt bad about selling the house because she had owned it for more than ten years
Past perfect tense juga dapat digunakan pada reported speech setelah verbs : said, told, asked, thought,
wondered dan lain-lain. contoh :
She said that she had studied hard
I though she had changed to be better woman
Selain itu, tenses ini dapat digunakan untuk mengekspresikan harapan atau impian yang tidak tidak
tercapai (conditional tipe 3). Perhatikan contoh berikut :
If I had not taken a bath fast, I would have missed the train.
She would been the same level with me iif she had studied harder.
Past perfect tense jika diubah menjadi kalimat pasif akan menjadi seperti contoh di bawah ini :
(kalimat aktif) Ryan had repaired many cars before he received his mechanics license
(kalimat pasif) Many cars had been repaired by Ryan before he received his mechanics license

Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense dibentuk dengan auxiliary verb have atau has, dan past participle (verb-3).
Have digunakan untuk I,
you, they, we, sedangkan has untuk he, she, it, dan orang ketiga tunggal. Sedangkan past participle
dapat berupa irregular
maupun regular verb.
Rumus:
(+) S + aux. verb(have/has) + V-3/+O
(-) S + aux. verb(have/has) + not +V-3/+O
(?) ux. verb(have/has) + S +V-3/+O
Fungsi:
1. Present perfect tense untuk mengungkapkan kejadian di masa lalu tanpa peduli kapan tepatnya
terjadi.
2. Present perfect tense untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu aksi terjadi berulang kali dimasa lampau
3. Present perfect tense untuk mengungkapkan aktivitas atau situasi yang dimulai pada masa lampau
kemudian dilanjutkan sampai sekarang (belum selesai).

4.Present perfect tense untuk membicarakan event yang baru saja terjadi ( adverb just dapat
digunakan).