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FPSO Topside Modules in Place Analysis Using FastSTRUDL Report
FPSO Topside Modules in Place Analysis Using FastSTRUDL Report
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REVISION RECORDING
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
2.
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS..................................................................................................................
3.
DEFINITIONS.........................................................................................................................................
4.
ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION...................................................................................................................
5.
FLOW CHART......................................................................................................................................
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1.
2.
3.
4.
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
Doc.No. WI-SIPS-ENGOPER-002E
Rev 0
API RP 2A-WSD
21st Edition
AISC ASD
13 th Edition
DEFINITIONS
TI
Technical Instruction
COG
Centre of Gravity
ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
4.1 METHOD OF ANALYSIS
The Inplace analysis is a classical static linear analysis of a three-dimensional space frame
computer model comprising the module Pancake, main structural frame members and the dummy
members for modelling the equipment. Structural stiffness interactions between the FPSO hull deck
and a given module are taken into account only through prescribed displacements applied at the
module frame supports.
For a given storm condition, inertia forces induced by the FPSO motions on the module masses are
defined through an inclusive set of the maximum accelerations (A x, Ay, Az) to be applied to the
module masses along the three translation directions.
Several conditions of the elementary loads are considered in both operating and extreme conditions
in order to determine the worst case scenario for each member and to size it accordingly.
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Normal or Operating Conditions: Normal conditions are defined as those which have the highest
statistical probability of occurrence.
Exceptional or Extreme Conditions: Exceptional or extreme conditions have a probability of
occurrence of 5%. It is therefore necessary to determine the law of probability for the maximum
value of the phenomenon (wave, wind) during the lifetime of the structure. This value is a controlling
factor in project design.
Damage Conditions: Damage conditions are defined as those which have the lowest statistical
probability of occurrence of 1%. It is also an important factor governing the project design. The
acceleration values used for damage conditions will be slightly higher than the normal condition.
4.2 MAIN DEFINITIONS
Primary members:
Primary members are those which are essential for the overall structural integrity (e.g.
modules legs as well as horizontal beams (WPG etc.,) and bracings in the vertical trusses). These
structural elements are fracture critical and require improved through thickness properties. Special
members are part of the primary members located at the vicinity of critical load transmission areas
and of stress concentration locations (e.g. Padeyes, main nodes, and cans).
Secondary members:
Secondary members are those whose contribution to the overall integrity is not essential
but which are significantly loaded. These members failure is non-critical for the module or
installation integrity (e.g. Deck beams or Stringers, Secondary beams for major equipment
supports, Secondary Tubular members, Deck Plates).
Tertiary members:
Tertiary members are minor members and attachments that do not fall in the above
categories (Grating (flooring), walkways, staircases, handrails, ladders).
4.3 STRUCTURAL MODEL DEFINITIONS
4.3.1 Axis systems:
Global Axis System
Nodes or joints of the Structural model of each module are described in a global axis system
defined as follows relatively to the FPSO orientation. Generally,
X axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the FPSO, oriented from Aft to Foreside.
Y axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the FPSO and is positive from
Starboard to Portside.
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4.3.3 Connections:
All member ends shall be fully fixed to adjacent members, unless a degree of freedom is
released. Any members with releases shall be highlighted and the reasons for removal of the
restraint given. In particular, the supporting joints of the various modules shall be accurately
modelled with the appropriate release specifications.
4.3.4 Boundary Conditions for Stool Supports:
Two sets of boundary conditions shall be used in order to describe rigorously the loading history
of a given module. They include:
Set 1:
The first analysis is carried out where rotations are free at the supports and
simulates the initial conditions of the module just after load out and installation on to the FPSO,
before fixed firmly to the FPSO, using only dry & dead weight without barge motions. As soon
as the modules are placed on the stools, only vertical loads act on the supports and the module
is free to slide in the horizontal directions.
Set 2:
The second analysis performed simulating the actual inplace condition prevailing at
site with all loads and FPSO motions. Accordingly, Fixed supports or appropriate modelling of
the supports degree of freedom should be given to simulate the final situation of the module.
4.4 LOADING
The inplace loads may occur during either the installation, hook-up and commissioning or
operational phases. These loads are categorized into three main groups:
Functional loads arising from the Structures existence and the expected use of the
platform facilities;
Environmental loads arising from exposure of the structures to wind and accelerations;
Accidental loads arising from potential occurrence of abnormal condition, including
dropped objects, fire and blast loading.
4.4.1 FUNCTIONAL LOADS
4.4.1.1
STRUCTURAL LOADS
Main structure weight (Dead Weight) concerns the weight of the modelled members of the Primary
structure; it is directly generated by the computer model analysis using a mass density value
adjusted in order to reach the net weight of the Weight Control Report. In case the Weight Control
Report does not provide reliable information (at the beginning of the studies), a suitable allowance
factor shall be considered in addition to the generated weight to account for the main structure
stiffeners and other unforeseen weight.
Secondary structure weight refers to the weight of non-modelled items such as joists, monorails,
equipment and pipe support beams, handling structures, plating; they are estimated based on 3-D
model which has been incorporated in the Weight Control Report and introduced as joint or member
loads on the modelled members.
Tertiary structure weight refers to the weight of Grating, walkways, staircases, handrail items,
ladders etc., they are also estimated and applied as joint load or member loads on the modelled
members.
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The weights determined as described above are net weights. In order to take into account the
design growth, a suitable contingency factor is applied to the net weights in the combinations. At
later stages when definition of the structures becomes more accurate, contingency factors could be
reduced in accordance with the Weight Control Report.
4.4.1.2
EQUIPMENT LOADS
Equipment loads include the weights of mechanical items such as pressure vessels, storage tanks,
rotating machines, HVAC, etc and shall be applied as point or distributed loads at the appropriate
locations as applicable.
Distinction is made between dry weight, content weight, operating and hydro test conditions in order
to offer the maximum flexibility in combining the loads for the different situations of the module.
Equipment loads data will normally be drawn from the Weight Control Report or latest available
information. The values to be used in the combinations are the equipment gross weights including
the contingency factors as given by the Weight Control Report.
A contingency factor has to be applied to all equipment dry weight when no precise information from
vendor is available. No contingency will be considered on the Equipment contents weight or
operating loads other than dry weights. Contingency factor on dry weights could be reduced
according to the Weight Control Report precise or as fabricated vendor data become available.
Operational load shall not be considered if it reduces the effect of dead weight.
Exceptional operating loads, such as test conditions, shall be considered, according to the test
program. These loads shall be retained each time they govern the design, the 1/3 increase of the
allowable stresses may be applied for test conditions.
4.4.1.3
PIPING LOADS
Piping dry and operating weights will be drawn from the Weight Control Report. In any case, final
structural analyses shall use piping loads in accordance with piping discipline input.
Load contingency factors as given by the Weight Control Report will be applied to all elementary
piping loads. Contingency factor will be reduced according to the Weight Control Report with the
progress of piping design and corresponding flexibility analyses.
For the detailed design of piping supports, all the operating loads of piping (loads due to pressure of
thermal loads, imposed displacements due to hull and modules deflections) shall be taken into
account as point or distributed loads as applicable and shall be in accordance with piping
calculation notes.
4.4.1.4
Architectural items (building structure, walls and partitions, floor panels, etc.)
Electrical items and cable trays,
Instrumentation items and cable trays,
Safety items,
Installation aids (bumpers and guides).
These weights shall be drawn from the Weight Control Report or latest available information.
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4.4.1.5
LIVE LOADS
Live loads are defined as those that may change in magnitude, position, and / or direction during
the normal design life of a module.
Live loads are uniformly distributed loads (UDL) applied to open floor, lay down areas and areas
free of equipment and piping. In the loading combinations, a reduction factor Ks shall be applied to
the value given above according to the member being designed and the type of modelling involved.
Live loads as defined above are gravity loads and as such shall be fully applied in the vertical
direction. These live loads generate horizontal loads under the motions of the FPSO which shall be
taken into account. Unless further or more refined information become available, horizontal loads
due to live loads shall be derived along the same procedure used for obtaining horizontal loads due
to dead loads.
Engineers to use the suitable reduction factor for Live Loads (UDL), based on engineering judgment
while giving reactions to the sub-structure design.
4.4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS
4.4.2.1
WIND LOADS
Wind forces shall be determined in accordance with API RP 2A-WSD 21st edition as described
hereafter. Wind forces on a given module are assessed considering all the likely screens to be met
on the module including the structure itself and the different equipment. No shielding effect is
considered between the different screens. Wind force applied on a given screen is obtained by the
formula:
Fv = (/2) u2CsA
With,
U
Cs
A
=
=
=
=
Wind loads on the structures shall be applied as series of point load at major nodes along the main
girders. For each equipment item, shear and overturning reactions induced by wind on its screen
area are calculated and introduced at equipment support on the deck main girders.
Two elementary wind loads are defined for each given module: W X and WY corresponding
respectively to wind along global X-axis and wind along global Y-axis. A typical example is shown
below showing the wind load application in module.
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W in d L o a d in X - dir e c tio n
Z
Y
P R IN C IP IA - IS Y M O S T v 4 .68
W in d L o a d in Y - dir e c tio n
Z
Y
Wind forces will be applied concurrently with the inertia forces induced by the FPSO motions.
Elementary wind loads WX and WY are defined with the operating storm wind speed. Therefore, an
appropriate factor shall be calculated and applied to these elementary wind loads for extreme storm
conditions.
P R IN C IP IA - ISY M O S T v 4.6 8
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4.4.2.2
4.4.2.3
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The FPSO hull also deforms in the horizontal plane under the action of wave loading in oblique
seas. FPSO hull deformations induced loads are taken into account in the design of the different
Topsides modules by introducing appropriately prescribed displacements in the structural analyses.
It has been shown that dynamic deformations can be neglected before static deformations.
Accordingly, only static deformations of the FPSO hull will be considered. In order to reduce the
number of load combinations in the analyses, the most critical load cases have to be selected. The
deformations of FPSO shall be introduced as prescribed displacements at the support points of the
module. The longitudinal/horizontal deformations can also be accompanied in the model by
applying Frictional Forces at the respective supports, due to the sliding of the module on the
supports. This is achieved by multiplying the relevant Coefficient of Friction () with the total vertical
forces.
In the case where a detailed calculation of the displacements is made, several combinations are
using these displacements. If the Installation of the modules is on the integrated deck, and the
module columns are supported at several points on the integrated deck, displacements are
calculated at many places.
In the absence of a rigorous study of project, the following procedure is being used. If the structure
is a Pancake type supported on four stool points, out of this, two supports are considered as
fixed/pinned and two supports are sliding supports. In these FPSO hull deformations induced loads
are taken into account in the design of the different Topsides modules by introducing appropriately
prescribed displacements in the structural analyses. As each module is designed with 4 supports
including 2 fixed/pinned and 2 sliding supports, the prescribed displacements to be applied to the
supports are defined as follows:
- fixed supports
- sliding supports
dL = 0
dL = L* L
; dV = 0
; dV = L* V
Where,
L - Length between the stool support rows (m).
dL - Deformation to be applied in Longitudinal direction (mm).
dV - Deformation to be applied in Vertical direction (mm).
L - Longitudinal deformation (mm/m).
V - Vertical deformation (mm/m).
Sometimes, the hull deformations are not transmitted to the structure by the use of pot
bearings/equivalents, in order to avoid excessive stresses in the main structure of the module.
Attention of the project structural engineers is drawn to the fact that prescribed longitudinal
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displacements have to be applied to sliding supports in the direction where friction at contacts
prevents the sliding.
4.4.3 ACCIDENTAL LOADS
4.4.3.1
4.4.3.2
Where,
DW_LIFT
Dry weight of the Module (Dead weight of Structure, Dry wt of Piping, Equipment,
Electrical & Instrumentation items)
DW_CO
SURGE_IP
SWAY_IP
HEAVE_IP
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HOGGING
HOGG_dZ
SAGGING
SAGG_dZ
4.5 PROCEDURE
The Inplace analysis is a classical static linear three-dimensional space frame analysis, taking into
account the inertial forces due to FPSO motions and hull deck deformations. The dead weight
along with the content weight is combined with various FPSO accelerations and hull deformations.
Wind forces will be applied concurrently with the inertia forces including
o
o
In the motions of FPSO Beam seas, head seas and quartering seas are considered. The most
critical static deformations resulting from the FPSO analyses under situations of ballast/drafts
configurations will be introduced at the supporting points of the module. Critical deformation cases
for the specific location of each module shall be identified.
Structural strength check for the main structural frame members and Tubular to Tubular
connections are performed directly by the software concerns. And other main frame connections
such as wide flange to wide flange, tubular to wide flange or wide flange to tubular and local
reinforcements of main beams shall be checked by local analyses including hand approach or finite
element method, whichever is relevant for the case considered.
4.6 MODULE STRUCTURE
A static 3D space frame analysis will be performed. The computer model of the module structure
will reflect the correct global stiffness of the structure and will include all the main longitudinal and
transverse girders, the horizontal and vertical bracings and the column members. Secondary
structures shall generally not to be modelled except if their presence in the model simplifies the
introduction of loads, in this case they shall not participate to the platform stiffness. However their
weight shall be taken into account in the dead weight of secondary structure. The stiffening effect of
horizontal floor plates shall be simulated by means of 2D stress elements.
A typical module with Pancake is shown below.
P R IN C IP IA - IS Y M O S T v 4 .6 8
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ST R U C T U R E
Y
X
: Release of moment X Y Z
Support beams
h
h
L
8"x0.500"
B
Vendor Equipment
L'(*)
B
Modeled Equipment
(*) : L' is choosen in order to maintain an equivalent bending moment in support beams.
For tank : L' = L (the support beam is generally more flexible than the tank.
Skid equipment will be modelled as a 4 legs frame with a star released at each end on the 3
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moments.
4.7.1.2
4.7.1.3
Horizontal vessels
20"x0.750"
: Release of moment X Y Z
8"x0.500"
B
Support beams
Vendor Equipment
B
Modeled Equipment
Horizontal vessel will be modelled as a 4 legs frame with a star released at each end on the 3
moments, 2 frame legs will released for the sliding direction.
For stacked horizontal vessels, the model shall be adapted with a global cog location.
4.7.1.4
Vertical vessels
: Release of moment X Y Z
, t of vessel
h
Dummy member
h
, t
B
Support beams
B
Vendor Equipment
B
Modelled Equipment
Vertical vessel will be modelled as a single vertical member with a dummy member star released at
each ends on the 3 moments.
Slender vertical vessel should be guided horizontally at one or more levels.
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: Release of moment X Y Z
Guide level B
Release of force X
and vertical shear
at guide levels
, t of vessel
, t
h
Guide level A
Dummy member
(Typ.)
B
Support beams
B(*)
Vendor Equipment
Modeled Equipment
4.7.1.5
Buildings
Buildings shall be modelled as skid equipment with the following considerations:
Building with structural wall:
4 supports point should be considered according the hard point of the support structure
(structural beams should be hung to the building).
Building without structural wall:
X supports point should be considered on the building circumference (building columns
location). The skid that represents building shall be declared as a dummy sub-structure in
order to keep the same reaction distribution irrespective of support structure deformation.
: Release of moment X Y Z
Support beams
Dummy
sub-structure
L
B
Modeled building
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$
PRECOMBINE 'DW_CO'
$
LOAD COMB 'DW_INP' COMB 'DW_LIFT'
1.00 'DW_CO'
1.00
$
PRECOMBINE 'DW_INP'
$
$======================================
$ COMPUTATION OF CENTRE OF GRAVITY
$======================================
$
UNITS MTON METER
RESET MASS
$
LOAD LIST 'DW_LIFT'
GENERATE MASS FROM LOADING ''DW_LIFT'
$
PRINT WEIGHT
$
The above few lines are necessary to get the Weight and COG of a particular load case. It
appears in the output file. RESET MASS command deletes all previously specified masses.
GENERATE MASS command generates mass for the specified loading. PRINT WEIGHT
command prints Weight and COG.
$
PRINT JOINT COORDINATE JOINT 14 43 20 49
$
The above line directs the program to print the joint co-ordinates of the specified joints
$
$ HOGGING AND SAGGING
$
UNIT M KN
LOADING 'HOGGING'
JOINT LOADS
20 FOR X 1.0
49 FOR X 1.0
$
UNIT M KN
LOADING 'SAGGING'
JOINT LOADS
20 FOR X -1.0
49 FOR X -1.0
$
The above commands are used to define loadings 'HOGGING' and 'SAGGING'. These are the
frictional forces given to take care of the longitudinal displacement. For details refer the
combinations attached in Appendix A.
$
LOADING 'SAGG_dZ'
JOINT DISPLACEMENT
20 49 GLOBAL DISP 0 0 +0.01696 $ 0.8mm/m*21.2m
$
LOADING 'HOGG_dZ'
JOINT DISPLACEMENT
20 49 GLOBAL DISP 0 0 -0.01696 $ 0.8mm/m*21.2m
$
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The above are the commands for giving vertical hull deformations due to Hogging and Sagging
effects. For details refer the combinations attached in Appendix A
$
$ Unit Accelerations
$
UNIT M RAD SECOND TON
$
RESET MASS
GENERATE MASS FROM LOADING 'DW_INP'
PRINT WEIGHT
$
LOAD 'SURGE_IP' 'LINEAR LONGITUDINAL ACCELERATION ALONG X'
LINEAR ACC MOTION X 1.000
$
LOAD 'SWAY_IP' 'TRANSVERSAL ACCELERATION ALONG Y'
LINEAR ACC MOTION Y 1.000
$
LOAD 'HEAVE_IP' 'LINEAR VERTICAL ACCELERATION ALONG Z'
LINEAR ACC MOTION Z 1.000
$
The above are the commands that define the unit inplace accelerations
$
$==========================================================
$ OPERATING CONDITION LOADINGS
+Ax, +Ay, +Az & -Ax,-Ay,-AZ
$==========================================================
$
UNIT M RAD SECOND TON
$
GROUP 'OPER' LOADING START
$
$******'SURGE_IP'+0.62& 'WY_OP' -1.0 ADDITIONS******
$
LOAD COMB OP-1' COMBINE DW_LIFT' +1.0000 'DW_CO' +1.0000 'HEAVE_IP -1.36 'SWAY_IP' +2.55 'WY_OP' -1.00 SURGE_IP' +0.62 'HOGGING' 2025.8 HOGG_dZ' 1.0 'WX_OP' -1.00
$
LOAD COMB OP-2' COMBINE DW_LIFT' +1.0000 'DW_CO' +1.0000 'HEAVE_IP +1.36 'SWAY_IP' +2.55 'WY_OP' -1.00 'SURGE_IP' +0.62 'HOGGING' 2025.8 'HOGG_dZ' 1.0 'WX_OP' -1.00
$
LOAD COMB OP-3' COMBINE DW_LIFT' +1.0000 'DW_CO' +1.0000 'HEAVE_IP -1.36 'SWAY_IP' -2.55 'WY_OP' +1.00 'SURGE_IP' +0.62'HOGGING' 2025.8 'HOGG_dZ' 1.0 'WX_OP' -1.00
$
LOAD COMB OP-4' COMBINE DW_LIFT' +1.0000 'DW_CO' +1.0000 'HEAVE_IP +1.36 'SWAY_IP' -2.55 'WY_OP' +1.00 'SURGE_IP' +0.62'HOGGING' 2025.8 'HOGG_dZ' 1.0 'WX_OP' -1.00
$
LOAD COMB OP-5' COMBINE DW_LIFT' +1.0000 'DW_CO' +1.0000 'HEAVE_IP' -1.36 'SWAY_IP' +2.55 'WY_OP' -1.00 'SURGE_IP' +0.62'SAGGING' 2025.8 'SAGG_dZ' 1.0 'WX_OP' -1.00
$
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LOAD COMB OP-6' COMBINE DW_LIFT' +1.0000 'DW_CO' +1.0000 'HEAVE_IP +1.36 'SWAY_IP' +2.55 'WY_OP' -1.00 'SURGE_IP' +0.62'SAGGING' 2025.8 'SAGG_dZ' 1.0 'WX_OP' -1.00
$
LOAD COMB OP-7' COMBINE DW_LIFT' +1.0000 'DW_CO' +1.0000 'HEAVE_IP -1.36 'SWAY_IP' -2.55 'WY_OP' +1.00 'SURGE_IP' +0.62'SAGGING' 2025.8 'SAGG_dZ' 1.0 'WX_OP' -1.00
$
LOAD COMB OP-8' COMBINE DW_LIFT' +1.0000 'DW_CO' +1.0000 'HEAVE_IP +1.36 'SWAY_IP' -2.55 'WY_OP' +1.00 'SURGE_IP' +0.62'SAGGING' 2025.8 'SAGG_dZ' 1.0 'WX_OP' -1.00
$
$******'SURGE_IP' -0.62'WX_OP' +1.0 ADDITIONS*****
$
LOAD COMB OP-9' COMBINE DW_LIFT' +1.0000 'DW_CO' +1.0000 'HEAVE_IP -1.36 'SWAY_IP' +2.55 'WY_OP' -1.00 'SURGE_IP' -0.62'HOGGING' 2025.8 'HOGG_dZ' 1.0 'WX_OP' +1.00
$
LOAD COMB OP-10' COMBINE DW_LIFT' +1.0000 'DW_CO' +1.0000 'HEAVE_IP +1.36 'SWAY_IP' +2.55 'WY_OP' -1.00 'SURGE_IP' -0.62'HOGGING' 2025.8 'HOGG_dZ' 1.0 'WX_OP' +1.00
$
LOAD COMB OP-11' COMBINE DW_LIFT' +1.0000 'DW_CO' +1.0000 'HEAVE_IP -1.36 'SWAY_IP' -2.55 'WY_OP' +1.00 'SURGE_IP' -0.62'HOGGING' 2025.8 'HOGG_dZ' 1.0 'WX_OP' +1.00
$
LOAD COMB OP-12' COMBINE DW_LIFT' +1.0000 'DW_CO' +1.0000 'HEAVE_IP +1.36 'SWAY_IP' -2.55 'WY_OP' +1.00 'SURGE_IP' -0.62'HOGGING' 2025.8 'HOGG_dZ' 1.0 'WX_OP' +1.00
$
LOAD COMB OP-13' COMBINE DW_LIFT' +1.0000 'DW_CO' +1.0000 'HEAVE_IP -1.36 'SWAY_IP' +2.55 'WY_OP' -1.00 'SURGE_IP' -0.62'SAGGING' 2025.8 'SAGG_dZ' 1.0 'WX_OP' +1.00
$
LOAD COMB OP-14' COMBINE DW_LIFT' +1.0000 'DW_CO' +1.0000 'HEAVE_IP +1.36 'SWAY_IP' +2.55 'WY_OP' -1.00 'SURGE_IP' -0.62'SAGGING' 2025.8 'SAGG_dZ' 1.0 'WX_OP' +1.00
$
LOAD COMB OP-15' COMBINE DW_LIFT' +1.0000 'DW_CO' +1.0000 'HEAVE_IP -1.36 'SWAY_IP' -2.55 'WY_OP' +1.00 'SURGE_IP' -0.62'SAGGING' 2025.8 'SAGG_dZ' 1.0 'WX_OP' +1.00
$
LOAD COMB OP-16' COMBINE DW_LIFT' +1.0000 'DW_CO' +1.0000 'HEAVE_IP +1.36 'SWAY_IP' -2.55 'WY_OP' +1.00 'SURGE_IP' -0.62'SAGGING' 2025.8 'SAGG_dZ' 1.0 'WX_OP' +1.00
$
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$==========================================
$
STRUCTURAL CODE CHECK
$==========================================
$
UNITS MM N
$
ACTIVE MEMBER ALL
INACTIVE MEMBER 'STOOLS'
$
INIT REPORT 'API_OP' API MEMBER 'RATIOS API - OPERATING'
LOAD LIST 'DW_INP' 'OPER'
API LO 0.50 WSD NS 11 MEMBERS OPERATING CASE
$
The above lines are the code checking commands for operating case. The member results are
stored in API_0P
$
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FLOW CHART
Not applicable
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source not found
Date: 20/03/2007
Rev.: Error:
Reference
source not found
Date: 20/03/2007