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Assignment V Requirement Analysis Suriyah M Roll
Assignment V Requirement Analysis Suriyah M Roll
REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
SURIYAH M
Roll no: 2009263008
I M.E., C.S.E (SPLN IN
KE&CL)
ELECTION SYSTEM
USING
BIOMETRIC VOTER'S IDENTIFICATION
&
ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINES
CONTENTS
In a democratic country like ours, it is a privilege and the duty of every citizen to take part in
the government formation by casting his / her vote. In such a political milieu, electoral reforms have
been spearheaded by a number of key players, including nongovernment organisations (NGOs), the
independent Election Commission, and the judiciary.
The past few decades, however, have witnessed a rapid deterioration in India’s democratic
way of life. All over the country, democratic processes and institutions have come to be
characterised by a lack of transparency and accountability.
2 CURRENT SYSTEM
Most of the citizens of our country, who are eligible to vote have been issued ELECTORAL
PHOTO IDENTITY CARDS (EPIC) by the Election commission of India (ECI). It is a sufficient
proof of identity enabling the individual to cast his / her vote on producing it to the polling booth.
The Election Commission will permit voters who have not been issued with the EPIC (Electors
Photo Identity Card), to vote provided their identities are established by production of any of the
17 alternative documents ( like passport, ration card etc., ) prescribed by it.
In this procedure, there are chances of a person impersonating another individual preventing
hiim / her to exercise his / her franchise.
The EVM has two units – one ballot unit and a control unit. The ballot unit will be used by
the voter for casting vote. The control unit will be under the supervision of the presiding officer.
Upon the official's verification of the voter's identity, he / she presses a button in the control unit
enabling the voter to cast his / her vote.
Though the EVM is an efficient way of preventing invalid votes and facilitating the fast and
fair conduct of elections, the voter's identity verification is done entirely by human beings, bringing
about chances of errors.
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3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
3.1 OVERVIEW
The limitations of the present day electoral process result entirely from the inefficient
voter id verification system. Though the voting process has been revolutionised by the EVMs , voter
id verification system has not been automised, making it liable to errors.
No two human irises are alike, not even those one's own left and right eye. The iris is
the contractile membrane of the pupil and its random patterns are unique to each individual. Iris
recognition technology identifies people by their unique iris patterns. This is what makes iris
recognition the most accurate form of biometric measurement. IRIS SCAN traces the characteristics
that makes each iris unique the trabecular meshwork, a tissue that gives the appearance of dividing
the iris in a radial fashion, furrows in the cornea . It is much safer than retinal scan and does not
cause any harm to the eyes.
IRIS SCAN – When one looks into an iris scanner, the eye is 3 to 10 inches from the
camera. When the camera takes a picture, the computer connected to it locates:
• The center of the pupil
• The edge of the pupil
• The edge of the iris
• The eyelids and eyelashes
These features, unique to every eye, are turned into a simple, 512digit number called
an IrisCode that is stored, alongside the individual's name and other details, in a computer database.
The enrollment process is completely automatic and usually takes not more than a couple of
minutes.
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3.2 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
The enrolment process (scanning of iris and its code being entered into the database)
has to be completed before the election for every citizen.
The iris scanner will be integrated with the EVM enabling an individual to cast his /
her vote if only her identity has been verified by the biometric voter id verification system. The
block diagram of the system is given below.
IRIS CODE
DATABASE
ENROLLMENT
CAMERA
CAMERA
PRE
PROCESSING
IRIS CODE
GENERATOR
IRIS CODE
MATCHER
EVM
CAMERA :
This device captures the image of the human eye. The camera is
usually a charged coupled device.
PRE PROCESSING DEVICE :
This part uses image processing to identify the limbus ( the outer edge of the iris) and the
dark pupil at the center. This involves eliminating obstructions such as eyelashes or light reflections.
FEATURE EXTRACTION :
The tracebular meshwork of the iris studied in this component and the features of this radial
tissue are recorded.
IRIS CODE GENERATOR :
The 512 bit code corresponding to the image of the eye obtained is generated.
IRIS CODE MATCHER :
The 512 bit code obtained from the former component is compared with the millions of data
found in the iris code database. If only the iris code obtained at the polling booth matches with any
one of the codes in the database, the person is allowed to cast his vote. Else he / she is not allowed to
exercise his / her franchise. Once a person has voted, the database has to be updated to prevent him /
her from voting again. 4
There are two types of users – administrator and the end user.
The system is expected to allow the administrator to insert into, delete from and update the
iris code database in the case of enrollment. During the polls, the administrator has to just monitor
whether the system is functioning properly.
The end users are the citizens of the country. They just need to get their iris scanned during
enrollment and get verified by the system to cast their votes.
The EVMs will be similar in design and functionality to the present day EVMs. The only
modification in the system is that the EVM will allow a person to exercise his / her franchise if only
his / her iris code has been verified by the biometric voter id verification system.
3.3 NONFUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
3.3.1 USER INTERFACE AND HUMAN FACTORS
The user interface to the administrator has to be a GUI in order to aid easy insertion,
deletion and updation to the database.
The UI in the case of end users need not be very user friendly – the person
simply has to stand in front of the camera for a couple of minutes to get his / her eye scanned and
wait till the iris pattern matches with an entry in the database. So there is no need of GUI.
3.3.2 DOCUMENTATION
The documentation is done in various forms – requirement analysis document (in
natural language), use cases, process specification etc.
3.3.3 HARDWARE CONSIDERATIONS
Dimensions (W x H x D): 16.9" x 16.5" x 6.4" (430mm x 420mm x 163mm)
Weight: 25.4 lbs. (11.5kg)
Power Input: 100~240VAC, 60/50Hz
Power Consumption: 25W
CPU: More than Pentium? III633Mhz
Memory: 128Mb SDRAM
Camera Control: RS422 (Standard: 2 channel, Max: 4 channel)
Video Input: Composite 1 Vpp 75 BNC Connection (Standard: 2 channel, Max: 4
channel)
Capture Capability: 15 fps for each ROU3000
Operating Temperature: 32?F 104?F (0?C 40?C)
Storage Temperature: 4?F 140?F (20?C 60? )
Humidity: 0% to 95% Noncondensing
Required LAN Cable: CAT5 8Pin RJ45 Cable 328'(100m) Max.
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3.3.4 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
• Failure to enroll rate (FTE or FER) – The rate at which attempts to create an iris code
from an input image is unsuccessful. This is most commonly caused by low quality
inputs.
• Failure to capture rate (FTC) – Within automatic systems, the probability that the system
fails to detect the image of the iris even when presented correctly.
• False accept rate or false match rate (FAR or FMR) – The probability that the system
incorrectly matches the input pattern to a nonmatching template in the database. It
measures the percent of invalid inputs which are incorrectly accepted.
• False reject rate or false nonmatch rate (FRR or FNMR) – The probability that the
system fails to detects a match between the input pattern and a matching template in the
database. It measures the percent of valid inputs which are incorrectly rejected.
The abovementioned probabilities have to be minimal.
3.3.5 ERROR HANDLING AND EXTREME CONDITIONS
The system must be sensitive to input errors.
Input errors occur when the person whose iris is to be scanned is not in proper alignment
with the camera. In this case, an alarm has to be generated and alert the person to be in proper
position.
3.3.6 SYSTEM INTERFACING
The input (image of the iris) has to come from the outside medium only.
The output (positive when the iris code of the image matches with an entry in the database
or negative otherwise) is sent to the EVM module for it to allow or block the individual from
exercising his / her franchise.
There are two formats for iris image. The first is a rectilinear format in which the image is
either raw or compressed and can vary in size based on teh field of view and compression or color.
The second format utilizes a polar image specification with specific preprocessing and
segmentation steps for the image, which can be raw or compressed.
3.3.7 QUALITY ISSUES
• The system must have an error rate of one per 104 million comparisions.
• After a failure, the system has to restart within a couple of minutes to ensure that polling
takes place promptly.
• There is no hard and fast rule that the system must be portable since it is being operated
in a single platform.
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3.3.8 SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS
The iris code generator, pre processor and iris code comparator are liable for change in
the future. The changes may be made to incorporate high speed of operation, very low error
rate and the database being optimized for faster access.
3.3.9 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
The system will have a centralised database of iris codes with it being connected to the
biometric voter id verification system installed in each and every polling booth.
Operating Temperature: 32?F 104?F (0?C 40?C)
Storage Temperature: 4?F 140?F (20?C 60? )
Humidity: 0% to 95% Noncondensing
3.3.10 SECURITY ISSUES
The access to the iris code data is of the controlled data access. Only the administrator
and the scanners in all the polling booths can access the data in the centralised database.
Physical security is not a crucial issue in this system.
3.3.11 RESOURCES AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES
• The system has to be backed up and updated once in a year.
• The ECI along with its technical crew will be responsible for this back up,
installation and maintenance.
3.4 CONSTRAINTS (PSEUDO REQUIREMENTS)
• The system needs to have an acceptable speed and a high degree of accuracy.
• The database has to be designed such that response time is within a couple of
seconds.
3.5 SYSTEM MODELS
3.5.1 SCENARIOS
1 The data (iris code) to be inserted is already present in the database.
2 The database access operation (like insertion, deletion, updation) is not completed and
terminated in the middle.
3 The person whose iris is to be scanned is not in proper alignment with the camera of the
iris scanner.
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3.5.2 USE CASE MODEL
IRIS CODE
INSERTS, UPDATES, DATABASE
DELETES RECORDS
IRIS CODE
( FOR ENROLLMENT)
IRIS CODE
IRIS SCANNER
IRIS SCANNED BY
IRIS CODE
(FOR VERIFICATION)
ADMINISTRATOR
END USER
IRIS CODE
MATCHER
OUTPUT
EVM
IRIS SCANNER – (CAMERA, PRE PROCESSOR, IRIS CODE GENERATOR
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3.5.3 OBJECT MODEL
3.5.3.1 DATA DICTIONARY
Data dictionary is the repository which has metadata i.e., data about data (like
size, relationships between data, meaning etc). In this case, the data dictionary has entries like the
number of tables in the database, fields and size of each table, primary key in each table etc).
3.5.3.2 CLASS DIAGRAM
State
Person Name
Constituency no
Name
Sex
Age
Address
IrisCod
getDetails()
putdetails()
1
getDetails(
)
update(
*
Constituency
*
Name
Population
No of
getData()
putData()
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3.5.5 USER INTERFACE
The user interface need not be GUI based in the case of end users. The administrator
can be provided with a GUI based user interface to facilitate the easy insertion, deletion and
updation of data.
3.6 PSEUDO REQUIREMENTS
Refer section 3.4
4. GLOSSARY
EPIC Electoral photo identity card
ECI Election commission of India
EVM Electronic voting machine
Iris Circular, colored curtain of the eye. Its opening forms the
pupil. The iris helps regulate the amount of light that enters
the eye
5. REFERENCES
• http://eci.nic.in
• http://www.indianelections.com
• http://www.jaagore.com
• http://www.encyclopedia.com
• http://www.rspa.com
• http://irisscanner.blogspot.com/
• http://www.biomedicalengineeringonline.com
• http://www.britannica.com
• http://www.bredemeyer.com/
• htttp://www.findbiometrics.com/
• http://www.csee.umbc.edu/
• http://www.umlgraph.org/
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