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Tugas :
Jenis :
Menetralisasi sisa H2SO4 yang masih terdapat dalam campuran keluar Reaktor
Tangki silinder tegak berpengaduk
Kondisi Operasi :
Suhu
=
Tekanan =
60 oC
1.5 atm
Reaksi :
Neraca Massa
Input
Komponen
Arus 7
Arus 8
C3H4O2
37878.788
H2O
428.08123 1454.3323
H2SO4
1356.5911
NH4OH
969.55483
(NH4)2SO4 (s) 34727.417
74390.877 2423.8871
76814.764
Output
Arus 9
37878.788
2380.8006
36555.176
76814.764
76814.764
A. Dimensi Tangki
Diketahui :
Fw = 76814.76 kg/jam
= 1643.454 kg/m^3
t = 0.416667 jam
Diambil :
Volum cairan dalam tangki
Dirancang :
Kapasitas tangki
Dirancang :
10 %
10 %
D=H
D H D3
4
4
D3
4V
H=D=
= 3.1078776 m
3.1078776 m
Tebal Reaktor
Dipilih :
Bahan konstruksi Stainless Steel SA 167 tipe 316
Spesifikasi :
Max.Allowable Stress, f =
17900 psia
Efisiensi sambungan, E =
0.85
22.79476
9.250332
32.04509
344.9305
m^2
m^2
m^2
ft^2
Corrosion Allowance, C =
Tekanan Perancangan
Pd = 1.2 Poperasi =
0.125
1.8 atm
in
26.46 psia
0.020833
7.186053
8000
57488.42
Tebal Shell
ts
Diketahui :
Diperoleh :
Dipilih :
Tebal Head
Jenis :
Spesifikasi :
ri = ID/2 = 1.5539388 m
= 61.178693 in
ts = 0.2315054 in
Ukuran standar, ts =
0.25 in (1/4 in)
=
0.00635 m
Torispherical Dished Head
r = ID = 3.1078776 m
= 122.35739 in
th
Diperoleh :
Dipilih :
Pd ri
C
fE 0.6Pd
0.885Pd r
C
fE 0.1Pd
th = 0.3133505 in
Ukuran standar, th =
0.3125 in (5/16 in)
= 0.0079375 m
a = ID/2 =
AB = a - icr =
BC = r - icr =
AC = (BC^2 - AB^2)^0.5 =
b = r - AC =
OA = b + sf + th =
61.178693
53.83725
115.01594
101.63768
20.719708
23.032208
Vhead
ID sf
0.000049 ID
4 12 12
Vhead =
103.36321 ft^3
2.92692 m^3
in
in
in
in
in
in
ft
ft^3
lb/ft^3
lb
VL = 19.47493 m^3
Vls = VL - Vhead = 16.54801 m^3
A = phi/4 ID^2 = 7.582239 m^2
Hls = Vs / A = 2.182471 m
VT = 23.56467 m^3
Volume shell
B. Perancangan Pengaduk
Jenis :
Spesifikasi :
1. Diameter impeller :
Da = Dt / 3 = 1.035959 m
E = Da = 1.035959 m
3. Lebar impeller :
W = Da / 5 = 0.207192 m
4. Kedalaman baffle :
J = Dt / 12 =
0.25899 m
L = Da / 4 =
0.25899 m
Putaran pengaduk untuk cairan agak kental besarnya sekitar 140 rpm (Coulson, 1986)
6. Putaran pengaduk :
N=
140 rpm
= 2.333333 rps
Bilangan Reynold
D a2 N
Re
Re =
8421918
0.2
P N p N 3 D 5a
Tenaga pengadukan
P = 4982.3137 J/dtk
= 6.7740534 Hp
Efisiensi Motor :
em =
Power Motor
Pm =
90 %
7.526726 Hp
10 Hp
Produk
Tp
Hd, T
Umpan
Tf
Qh
Qc
Hr, Tb
Tb = 25 oC
Komponen
H2O
H2SO4
NH4OH
(NH4)2SO4 (s)
Hf0
J/kmol
-2.42E+08
-7.35E+08
-3.61E+08
-1.18E+09
H r0 =
produk
Hr0 =
v i H f 0
reak tan
v i H f 0
-2.07E+08 J/kmol
Komponen
C3H4O2
H2O
H2SO4
NH4OH
(NH4)2SO4 (s)
Cp
J/kg.K
2153.2787
4181.5148
1472.743
251.9992
67.3295
Fm1
Fm2
Fm1.Cp
Fm2.Cp
kg/jam
kg/jam
J/jam.K
J/jam.K
37878.788
81563587
0
477.78448 1454.3323 1997863 6081312
1356.5911
1997910
0
969.55483
0
244327
34727.417
2338180
0
74440.581 2423.8871 87897540 6325639
60 C
Q c Fmi C pi (Tb Tf )
Qc1 =
-3E+009 J/jam
35 C
Q c Fmi C pi (Tb Tf )
Qc2 =
-6E+007 J/jam
-3E+009 J/jam
Hr,Tb) =
Fwa =
BM =
Fma =
Hr =
60 oC
Q h Fmi C pi (Tp Tb )
Qh =
3.29E+009 J/jam
2715.194
-2.07E+08
1356.5911
98.0734
13.832406
-2.86E+09
J/kmol
kg/jam
kg/kmol
kmol/jam
J/jam
2.57E+06 Btu/jam
Medium Pendingin
Dipilih :
Air pada suhu 35 oC dan tekanan 1 atm
Tc1 = Suhu air masuk koil =
35 oC
=
Tc2 = Suhu air keluar koil
=
45 oC
=
Tc,avg = suhu air rata-rata = 1/2 (Tc1 + Tc2)
=
40 oC
=
=
313.2 K
Sifat fisis air pada suhu rata-rata :
Berat molekul
BMc =
18.015
Konduktifitas panas
kc = 1.240241 W/m.K =
c = 991.0014 kg/m^3 =
Densitas
Kapasitas panas
Cpc = 75242.47 J/kmol.K =
c = 0.000677 Pa.dtk =
Viskositas
95 oF
113 oF
104 oF
0.716598
74.23948
0.997578
1.638119
Btu/jam.ft^2(oF/ft)
lb/ft^3
Btu/lb.oF
lb/ft.jam
Tlm
Tlm =
(TR Tc1 )
(T Tc1 )
ln
ln R
(TR Tc 2 )
(TR Tc 2 )
19.57615 oC
67.23707 oF
Spesifikasi Koil
Umumnya koil dengan ukuran 2 dan 2 1/2 in paling ekonomis untuk "shop fabrication" dan ukuran
1 1/2 dan 2 in untuk "field fabrication".
Spesifikasi tube standar untuk koil :
Bahan
Diameter luar
Birmingham Wire Gage
Diameter dalam
Luas permukaan dalam
Luas permukaan luar
Luas tampang
Kebutuhan Medium Pendingin (wc)
Qc = Q H
Qc = wc.Cpc.Tc
wc
Qc
Cp c Tc
= Stainless Steel
OD =
2.5 in
BWG =
9
ID =
2.204 in
Ai =
0.577 ft^2/ft
Ao =
0.654 ft^2/ft
Af =
3.815 in^2
wc
Dengan :
Qc
Cp c Tc
Tc = Tc2 Tc1 =
Diperoleh : wc =
10 oC
1.43E+05 lb/jam
18 oF
= 6.48E+04 kg/jam
G c , tot
wc
Af
Gc,tot =
5.39E+06 lb/jam.ft^2
365.3518 lb/dtk.ft^2=
1315266 lb/jam.ft^2
Nc
G c , tot
Gi
Nc =
Dipakai :
4.100084
Nc =
5 set koil
G i ,kor
G c , tot
Nc
Gi,kor =
1.08E+06 lb/jam.ft^2
v c , cek =
Gi
c
vc,cek =
4.035516 ft/dtk
1.230025 m/dtk
Q ci=
Qci =
Qc
Nc
5.13E+05 Btu/jam
Ud =
125 Btu/jam.ft^2.oF
A ci
Q ci
U D Tlm
Aci =
61.04766 ft^2
rhe
Jsp
dhe
Diameter heliks (dhe)
Besarnya diameter heliks koil berkisar antara 70 - 80 % Dt.
Dipilih :
dhe =
75 % Dt
Diketahui : Dt =
Diperoleh : dhe =
3.107878 m
2.330908 m
=
=
10.19645 ft
7.647337 ft
=
=
0.208333 ft
0.416667 ft
2 OD,koil
2.5 in
5 in
L ci
A ci
Ao
Lci =
93.34505 ft
N pc =
Npc =
Lci
Lhe
3.884449
Dipakai :
Npc =
3 putaran
72.09134 ft
6.25 ft
1.905 m
12.28118 ft^3
0.347764 m^3
h L=
V (cair )+ V ( koil )
2
D
4 R
Diketahui : V(cair) =
Diperoleh : hL =
Kesimpulan :
( )
1.905 m)
vc
ID0.2
1377.937 Btu/jam.ft^2.oF
ID
h i h 'i 1 3.5
d he
hi =
1493.766 Btu/jam.ft^2.oF
Dengan :
=
=
Diperoleh : Go =
234236.7 lb/ft^2.jam
Re o
OD.G o
f
= 1.002955 lb/ft.jam
Untuk 100 <= Reo <= 100000, maka h'o dapat dicari dengan persamaan berikut (Chopey, 1984) :
3
k f 4 0.53
h 'o C pf G o
C Re 12
pf f
o
Dengan :
Diperoleh : ho =
0.9257 Btu/lb.oF
0.3008 Btu/jam.ft.oF
223.7328 Btu/jam.ft^2.oF
Koefisien Perpindahan Panas di dalam Koil dengan Dasar Diameter Luar (hio)
h io h i
hio =
ID
OD
1316.904 Btu/jam.ft^2.oF
UC
h o h io
h o h io
Uc =
191.2421 Btu/jam.ft^2.oF
RD
UC UD
UC UD
Rd =
Cek Pressure Drop
Syarat :
P < 10 psi
Re i
Rei =
ID.G i
c
120926.5
f 0.0035
f=
0.264
Re i0.42
0.005436
Pressure Drop
P
P =
4fG i2 L i
2gc2 ID
2.7968 psi < 10 psi (memenuhi syarat)
5 - 2.5 m/dtk.