PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Noxious
Gases

Viruses

Predisposing factors
Inhalation

Increased mucous
production
Narrowing of airway
Increased no. of goblet
cells
Airflow obstruction
Cigarette smoking

When inhaled, viruses and noxious gases enters the respiratory tract
Initial respiratory response of the body
Because of increased mucous production airway is narrowed
Bronchial walls is thickened
Flow of air is altered because of blockage of increase mucous
Contributing factor that thickens blood vessels in the lungs
Macrophages destroys foreign particles including bacteria and viruses

Altered function of
alveolar macrophages
Increased susceptibility
of respiratory infection

BRONCHITIS
Pneumonia

Because of the absence of macrophages infectious microorganisms is free

to enter the body
When infection reach the bronchial walls
Prolonged infection of the respiratory system may lead to pneumonia