CHAPTER 3: ELECTROMAGNETISM

3.1 Analysing the magnetic effect of a current-carrying conductor.

[ ../ 36 x 100 = .% ]
A student is able to :
State what an electromagnet is.
Draw the magnetic field pattern due to a current in a :
i)
straight wire,
ii)
coil,
iii)
solenoid.
State the factors that affect the strength of the magnetic field of an electromagnet.
Describe the application of electromagnet in an electric bell.

A.

Magnetic field due to a current in a straight wire

1. Right-hand Grip Rule states that the thumb of the right hand points to the direction of
(1) and the other four curled fingers points to direction of its
(2) ..

2. Using the right hand grip rule, draw (3) the direction of current flow and (4) pattern
of magnetic fields lines formed.

Magnetic Field due to a Current in a Circular Coil

1. Draw (5) the direction of current flows and (6) pattern of magnetic fields lines formed.

2. The direction of magnetic field lines can also be determined using the (7)
.
C

Magnetic Field due to a Current in a Solenoid

1. A solenoid is a (8) .of wire. When a current flows in a solenoid, a magnetic
field similar to that of a (9) .is produced.

Q Q
P
P
_
2.

Draw (10) the direction of current flow. To check the poles formed:
i.

Look from end P of the solenoid, the current flow is (11)., the polarity
at end P is (12) .

ii. Look from end Q of the solenoid, the current flow is (13).., the polarity
at end Q is (14) .
iii. Now draw the direction of the compass needle in the space
provided.

P (15) , Q (16)

Factors that affecting the strength of an electromagnet

1. Based on the apparatus shown below, the higher the number of paper clips attracted
to the iron rod, the (17) .the strength of the electromagnet.

Factors

Condition

Number of paper clips

attracted

Number of turns of wire in a solenoid

Magnitude of electric current
Presence of a normal iron-core
Presence of a soft-iron core

increases
increases

(18)
(20)
(22)
(24)

-nil-

The strength of
electromagnetic field
(19)
(21)
(23)
(25)

Application of Electromagnet in an electric bell.

1. Label the diagram of an electric bell as shown below. [ spring, contact adjusting
screw, electromagnet, switch, iron armature, hammer ]

i. When the switch is closed and current flows in the solenoid, the soft iron core of the
electromagnet is(32).
ii. The iron armature is (33) .towards the electromagnet and the hammer hits
the gong.
iii. At the same time, the contact is (34).. and the electromagnet
(35)

its magnetism.

iv. The (36) ..brings the armature back to its original position.
v. The contact is restored and the process is repeated.
2.2 Understanding the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field.

[ / 39 x 100 = % ]
A student is able to :
Describe how a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field experiences a force.
Draw the pattern of the combined magnetic field due to a current-carrying conductor
in a magnetic field.
Explain the factors that affect the magnitude of the force on a current-carrying
conductor in a magnetic field.
Describe how a current-carrying coil in a magnetic field experiences a turning force.
.Describe how a direct current motor works.
State factors that affect the speed of rotation of an electric motor.
A

Force Acting on a Current-carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field

1. If a current-carrying conductor AB is placed in a magnetic field as shown in the
experiment below, the conductor AB will experiences a (1) .

2. Draw the catapult field ( combination of the two magnetic fields) below and show the
direction of force, F acting on the conductor.
3.
(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) F

4. Flemings left-hand rule(16) can be used to determine the direction of the force

acting on the conductor.

Thumb

(8).

( (7). )

First Finger (

Centre Finger (9)

(
)

5. The factors that affect the magnitude of the force on a current-carrying conductor in a
magnetic field are:
i.

.........(10)

ii.

.(11)

iii. .(12)

Turning Effect of a Current-carrying Coil in a Magnetic Field

1. Consider a current-carrying coil ABCD placed between the poles of a magnet as
shown in the figure below. As the current flows through the coil from A to B, a
(13) force acts on the arm AB whereas an (14) ...
force acts on the arms CD according to Flemings Left Hand rule.

commutator
Carbon brush

2. Draw the (15) catapult field formed and show with arrows the direction of the forces

acting on arms (16) AB and (17) CD.

AB

CD

3 Direct Current Motor

Complete and draw the four stages of the motion of a DC motor in the table below

A
current

Angle of rotation : 00

Coil

1 B
3

Current flow through carbon brushes:

S

(18) Yes / No
Arm AB : (19) upwards / downwards

Arm CD : (20) upwards / downwards

Rotation : (21) direction

Angle of rotation : (22)

Current flow through carbon brushes :
(23) Yes / No
Arm AB : (24) right / left
Arm CD : (25) right / left
Rotation : (26) ..due to inertia

Angle of rotation : (27) ..

Current flow through carbon brushes :

(28) Yes / No
Arm AB : (29) upwards / downwards
Arm CD : (30) upwards / downwards
Rotation : (31) ..

Angle of rotation : (32) ..

Current flow through carbon brushes :
(33) Yes / No
Arm AB : (34) right / left
Arm CD : (35) right / left
Rotation : (36) anticlockwise due to inertia

The speed of rotation of an electric motor can be increased by:

1. ...(37)
2. ..(38)
3..(39)

3. 3 Analysing electromagnetic induction.

[ ./ 36 x 100 = ..% ]

A student is able to :
Describe electromagnetic induction.
Indicate the direction of the induced current in a:
i) straight wire,
ii) solenoid
Explain the factors that affect the magnitude of the induced current.
Describe applications of electromagnetic induction.
Compare direct current and alternating current.
A

Electromagnetic Induction
1. When a conductor is moved to cut through a magnetic field, an (1)
..is produced.
3. It requires a (2) .motion between the magnet and the
coil to produce an induced current.
3. The production of electric current by a changing magnetic flux is called
(3).

Induced e.m.f by a moving conductor in a magnetic field

Action

Observation

Inference

The wire is moved

Galvanometer pointer is

..flows in the wire

upwards
The wire is moved

deflected to the left

Galvanometer pointer is

(4)

downwards
The wire is move

deflected to the... (5)

.(6)

horizontally
Magnet is moved upwards

(7)
Galvanometer pointer is

(8)

deflected to the..

..

(9)
..(10)
(11) can be used to determine the direction of the induced emf
/current produced

Thumb (12) (... )

(13)
First finger ( )

(14)
Center finger (.. )
C

Induced e.m.f by coil of wire / solenoid

1. Fill in the blanks to explain what happens when the bar magnet is moved in
and out of the solenoid

Magnetic field lines

are being cut by coil,
(15)..
is induced

No deflection shown on
the galvanometer.
(16)..
is induced

Moving the coil towards

a magnet also induces
a (18)...
(17). induced
in the opposite direction

2. Lenzs Law states that the (19).. of the induced emf / current
is such that its magnetic effect always (20)the change producing it.

3. Faradays Law of electromagnetic induction states that the (21)

of the induced e.m.f. is (22)... to the rate of change of magnetic
flux linkage with the solenoid

The magnitude of the induced current in:

a straight conductor increases when:
(a) the length of conductor is

in a coil increases when:

increased

(a) ..
(23)

(b) the strength of the magnetic

(b) ......................

field is increased

(24)
(c)

(c) the relative motion between the

magnet and the coil is increased

. (25)

Applications of electromagnetic induction

1. The d.c generator and a.c generator make use of electromagnetic induction to
produce (26).
2. Comparison between alternating and direct current (a.c / d.c)
Complete the table of comparison below.
Alternating current

Direct current
Graphs

Current, I/A
Current, I/A

Time, t/s

Time, t/s
(27)

1.

2.
3. 4 Transformer

(28)

Direction
(29)
Magnitude
(31)
Examples of sources
(33)
1.
(34)

2.
[ ./ 28 x 100 = .%]

A student is able to :
describe the structure and the operating principle of a simple transformer.
compare and contrast a step-up transformer and a step-down transformer.
Vp
Np
state that
=
for an ideal transformer.
Vs
Ns
state that VpIp = VsIs for an ideal transformer.
describe the energy losses in a transformer.
describe ways to improve the efficiency of
10a transformer.
solve problems involving transformers

(30)
(32)
(35)
(36)

A.

Operating principle of a transformer

1. Label the diagram below which shows the parts of a transformer.
(3)

(1)

9(
(2)

(4)

9(

(5)
(6)

2. When an alternating current flows in the primary coil, an induced changing

(7) . is produced in the soft iron core which is linked to secondary coil.
3. The changing magnetic flux cut by the secondary coil (8) ..an alternating
emf / current in the secondary coil.
4. The induced alternating emf has the same (9) ..as the input emf.
B.

Step-up and step-down transformers

1. The output voltage depends on the (10) ... of the number of turns of
primary and secondary coils.
2. The relationship between the voltages and the number of turns in primary and
secondary coils is given as follows:

11

Input voltage,Vp
= Number of turns in primary coil,Np
Output voltage, Vs
Number of turns in secondary coil, Ns

3. Np is greater than Ns

4. Np is less than Ns

Np

Ns

Input voltage

(11)

Np

Ns

Output voltage

(12)

... transformer

transformer

5. In an ideal transformer, there is (13).of energy.

Power supplied to the
primary coil
(14)

Power used in the

secondary coil

(16)

Comparing with the

transformer equation

C.

(15)

Energy losses in a transformer

1. An ideal transformer has(17) .. ..efficiency.
2. But in practice, the efficiency of a tranformer is (18) .than100%.
3. The efficiency of a transformer is expressed as follows:

12

Efficiency =

___________________ x 100%

(19)

4. Complete the table below to show the factors affecting the efficiency of a transfomer
and the ways to improve it:

Causes of energy loss

The (20).. is magnetized and

Way to reduce

Used (21) ..

demagnetized alternately due to a.c

which can be magnetized and demagnetized

current in primary coil

easily

Energy lost as heat is known as

hysterisis loss.
Changing magnetic field in the soft iron

core induces (22)

Energy is lost through (23)...

Used (24). ..

core

generated.
Current flowing through the primary and
secondary coil produces heat due to

Use (26)..

(25.. of the wire.

(27) of magnetic

flux in the primary coil

(28)..is

wound over the primary coil

3.5 Understanding the generation and transmission of electricity

[ ./ 33 x 100 = .% }
A student is able to :
list sources of energy used to generate electricity.
describe the transmission of electricity.
describe the energy loss in electricity transmission cables and deduce the advantage of
high voltage transmission.
state the importance of the National Grid Network.
solve problems involving electricity transmission
explain the importance of renewable energy
explain the effects on the environment caused by the use of various sources to generate
electricity.

13

A. Sources of Energy
1. The generation of electricity comes from many sources such as :
i. (1)
ii (2)
iii (3)
iv (4)
v. (5)
vi (6)
vii. .(7)
viii (8)
B. Transmission of Electricity
1. Complete the diagram below which shows the transmission of electricity to
consumers.

transmission
132 kV
33 kV
Heavy
industry

11 kV

450 V

Light
industry

240 V
My house

Building
s

(9). transformer

(10) ...transformers

33 kV
Power plant
2. The (11) ...is a network of underground cables and
pylons connecting all the power stations and substations in the whole country to the
consumers.
3 . The advantages of the National Grid Network are:

Efficient (12)..distribution according to requirements when demand

is high/ low

good energy management when there is a (13) breakdown/ interruption of supply

14

4. Electrical energy is transmitted from the power station to the consumer using long
transmission cables will cause power loss as (14) ..energy which can
be calculated as follow:

Pheat =I2R

I = current flows in the cable

R = resistance of the cable

The power loss can be reduced by:

i.

Reducing the (15) .of the cables

ii. Reducing the current or (16) the voltage in the cable

5. (17) .play an important role in the transmission of electricity at a
higher voltage.
C.

Renewable energy
1.

Energy plays a very important role in economic development but the reserves of
(18) such as oil and gas are very limited.

2.

Hence, there is a modern trend of nations harnessing sources of (19) ...

...which are continuously replenished naturally and they are sustainable.

3.

Give the example of renewable energy:

i. .(20)
ii.

(21)

iii. .(22)
iv.

(23)

v. .(24)
vi. .(25)
vii. .(26)
4.

Give the example of non-renewable energy:

i.

Fossil fuels
a) ..(27)
b)

.(28)

c) ..(29)
5.

Give the benefits of using renewable energy in our nation:

i.

Avoid (30) of fossil fuels

ii. Cleaner sources for little (31) .

iii. Avoid harming (32) ..and fauna

15

iv. Avoid the disruption of (33) ..l balance

16