Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Pre-Algebra - Integers: Objective: Add, Subtract, Multiply and Divide Positive and Negative Numbers
Pre-Algebra - Integers: Objective: Add, Subtract, Multiply and Divide Positive and Negative Numbers
Pre-Algebra - Integers
Objective: Add, Subtract, Multiply and Divide Positive and Negative
Numbers.
The ability to work comfortably with negative numbers is essential to success in
algebra. For this reason we will do a quick review of adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing of integers. Integers are all the positive whole numbers, zero,
and their opposites (negatives). As this is intended to be a review of integers, the
descriptions and examples will not be as detailed as a normal lesson.
World View Note: The first set of rules for working with negative numbers was
written out by the Indian mathematician Brahmagupa.
When adding integers we have two cases to consider. The first is if the signs
match, both positive or both negative. If the signs match we will add the numbers together and keep the sign. This is illustrated in the following examples
Example 1.
5 + ( 3)
8
7 + ( 5)
12
Example 2.
If the signs dont match, one positive and one negative number, we will subtract
the numbers (as if they were all positive) and then use the sign from the larger
number. This means if the larger number is positive, the answer is positive. If the
larger number is negative, the answer is negative. This is shown in the following
examples.
Example 3.
7+2
5
Example 4.
4+6
2
Example 5.
4 + ( 3)
1
Example 6.
7 + ( 10)
3
Example 8.
46
4 + ( 6)
10
Example 9.
9 ( 4)
9+4
13
Example 10.
6 ( 2)
6+2
4
Multiplication and division of integers both work in a very similar pattern. The
short description of the process is we multiply and divide like normal, if the signs
match (both positive or both negative) the answer is positive. If the signs dont
match (one positive and one negative) then the answer is negative. This is shown
in the following examples
Example 11.
(4)( 6)
24
Example 12.
36
9
4
Example 13.
2( 6)
12
Example 14.
15
3
Our Solution
A few things to be careful of when working with integers. First be sure not to
confuse a problem like 3 8 with 3( 8). The second problem is a multiplication problem because there is nothing between the 3 and the parenthesis. If
there is no operation written in between the parts, then we assume that means we
are multiplying. The 3 8 problem, is subtraction because the subtraction separates the 3 from what comes after it. Another item to watch out for is to be
careful not to mix up the pattern for adding and subtracting integers with the
pattern for multiplying and dividing integers. They can look very similar, for
example if the signs match on addition, the we keep the negative, 3 + ( 7) =
10, but if the signs match on multiplication, the answer is positive, ( 3)( 7) =
21.
Beginning and Intermediate Algebra by Tyler Wallace is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
3
2) 4 ( 1)
3) ( 6) ( 8)
4) ( 6) + 8
5) ( 3) 3
6) ( 8) ( 3)
7) 3 ( 5)
8) 7 7
9) ( 7) ( 5)
10) ( 4) + ( 1)
11) 3 ( 1)
12) ( 1) + ( 6)
13) 6 3
14) ( 8) + ( 1)
15) ( 5) + 3
16) ( 1) 8
17) 2 3
18) 5 7
19) ( 8) ( 5)
20) ( 5) + 7
21) ( 2) + ( 5)
22) 1 + ( 1)
23) 5 ( 6)
24) 8 ( 1)
25) ( 6) + 3
26) ( 3) + ( 1)
27) 4 7
28) 7 3
29) ( 7) + 7
30) ( 3) + ( 5)
32) (7)( 5)
33) (10)( 8)
34) ( 7)( 2)
35) ( 4)( 2)
36) ( 6)( 1)
37) ( 7)(8)
38) (6)( 1)
39) (9)( 4)
40) ( 9)( 7)
41) ( 5)(2)
42) ( 2)( 2)
43) ( 5)(4)
44) ( 3)( 9)
45) (4)( 6)
Find each quotient.
46)
30
10
47)
49
7
48)
12
4
49)
2
1
50)
30
6
51)
20
10
52)
27
3
53)
35
5
54)
80
8
55)
8
2
56)
50
5
57)
16
2
58)
48
8
59)
60
10
60)
54
6
Beginning and Intermediate Algebra by Tyler Wallace is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
0.1
Answers - Integers
1) 2
22) 0
43) 20
2) 5
23) 11
44) 27
3) 2
24) 9
4) 2
25) 3
5) 6
26) 4
6) 5
27) 3
7) 8
28) 4
48) 3
8) 0
29) 0
49) 2
9) 2
30) 8
50) 5
10) 5
31) 4
11) 4
32) 35
12) 7
33) 80
13) 3
34) 14
53) 7
14) 9
35) 8
54) 10
15) 2
36) 6
55) 4
16) 9
37) 56
56) 10
17) 1
38) 6
18) 2
39) 36
19) 3
40) 63
20) 2
41) 10
59) 6
21) 7
42) 4
60) 9
45) 24
46) 3
47) 7
51) 2
52) 9
57) 8
58) 6
Beginning and Intermediate Algebra by Tyler Wallace is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)