METAMATERIALS

Metamaterials are artificial engineered composite structures that can be designed

to exhibit specific electromagnetic properties not observed in the constituent
materials and not commonly found in nature.

Whats a double negative (DNG) medium

and how does it work?
Backward waves and negative refraction
Applications

Double Negative Media (DNG)

D 0 E

Isotropic and homogeneous

B 0 H

DPS
propagation

ENG

MNG
SNG

DNG
propagation

evanescence

Backward Propagation
DNG medium

DPS medium

E
k

H
Right-handed Medium

Left-handed Medium

S E H

Negative Refraction
ki
r

kr

ki
i

kr

air

air

DPS
, 0

DNG
, 0

t
kt

Regular refraction

kt
Negative refraction

Negative Refraction Index (NRI)

Snells Law

n1 sin 1 | n2 | sin 2
n2 0

V. G. Veselago

Pendry Perfect Lens

The lens focuses all the
planes waves radiated by a
dipole source (even the
evanescent waves), with no
phase or amplitude distortion

n 1

Pendry

t-d

Material Dispersion
DNG metamaterials: can be achieved by frequency resonance of a mixture of
metallic and/or dielectric particles in a host medium.

0 e2p 2 i e
2
ep

2
e0

m2 p m2 0

2
0 m p 2 i m

e p : Electric plasma frequency

e0 : Electric resonance frequency
m p : Magnetic plasma frequency
m0 : Magnetic resonance frequency.
Negative permittivity (effect of wires)
Negative permeability (effect of rings)

The Split Ring Resonator (SRR)

External magnetic field penetrates through the rings and currents are induced.
Gap prevents currents from flowing around the ring, which considerably increases the resonance
frequency of the structure.
SRR provides a resonant structure which is much smaller than the resonance wavelength.
Metamaterial, which response should be homogeneous on the scale of the wavelength.

The Split Ring Resonator (SRR)

Waveguide Experiments
Metallic rectangular waveguide: TE01 mode

Gunn

k02
a

SWR

Waveguide miniaturization

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Array of Metallic Wires

For long wavelengths an array of

metallic wires interacts with
electromagnetic waves as a plasma, and
thus exhibits a negative permittivity
below the plasma frequency:

p2
1 2

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Double Negative Media

D. R. Smith and S. Schultz, UCSD

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DNG Waveguides

DPS

P2

DNG
DPS

P1

DNG
P1

DPS

P2

DNG slab waveguide

P2

DNG/DPS directional coupler

Back propagation

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Applications
Cloaking devices
Metamaterial antennas: increased
performance and miniaturization

DNG

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