Final Thesis on Inpatient Health and Wellness Center

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Final Thesis
Thesis · April 2021

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TAFEE ‫تعافي‬: INPATIENT HEALTH AND WELLNESS CENTER 1
TAFFEE
Inpatient Health and Wellness Center
Senior Capstone Research, IDSG 4401, Section 2
By
Reem H. Alghamdi
A thesis submitted to the
Faculty of the Interior Design Department
of Dar AlHekma University in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Interior Design
2021
In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

2021
REEM HAMED M. ALGHAMDI
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

This undergraduate thesis entitled “ Inpatient Health and Wellness Center”
prepared and submitted by Reem H. Alghamdi
has been approved for
Capstone I: Interior Design Thesis Course
By
Ms. N.Merve Goknil
Date: 22/4/2021
TABEL OF CONTENTS
Cover Page ...................................................................................................................................... 1
Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 9
List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... 10
List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ 12
Preface........................................................................................................................................... 13
Chapter 1: Synopsis of Final Studio ............................................................................................. 14
Project Statement ...................................................................................................................... 14
Questions: ................................................................................................................................. 14
Objectives: ................................................................................................................................ 14
Rationale ................................................................................................................................... 15
Targeted Audience .................................................................................................................... 15
Client Profile ............................................................................................................................. 16
Site and Shell ............................................................................................................................ 16
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 19
Chapter 2: Literature Review ........................................................................................................ 22
Minor Studies ............................................................................................................................ 22
Major Studies ............................................................................................................................ 23
Color ......................................................................................................................................... 23
Lighting ..................................................................................................................................... 24
Space Planning .......................................................................................................................... 25
Flooring ..................................................................................................................................... 25
Materials ................................................................................................................................... 26
Safety ........................................................................................................................................ 28
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 29
Chapter 3: Research Methodology................................................................................................ 32
Chapter 4: Precedent Studies ........................................................................................................ 35
Introduction ................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Precedent Study #1 International, Trillium Secure Adolescent Inpatient Facility ................... 36
Site Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 37
Programming / Floor Plan Analysis ...................................................................................... 38

Space Planning ...................................................................................................................... 38
Programming / Circulation ................................................................................................... 40
Programming / Zoning .......................................................................................................... 40
Programming / Criteria Matrix ............................................................................................. 41
Programming/ Criteria Matrix .............................................................................................. 42
Programming Schedule ......................................................................................................... 43
Design Approach .................................................................................................................. 44
Interior Analysis .................................................................................................................... 44
Exterior Analysis .................................................................................................................. 44
Functions and Activities ....................................................................................................... 44
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 44
Precedent Study #2 International, Hara Hospital – South building .......................................... 45

Site Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 46
Space Planning ...................................................................................................................... 47
Function List: ........................................................................................................................ 47
Design Approach .................................................................................................................. 50
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 52
Precedent Study #3 Regional, Al Wakrah Psychiatric Healthcare ........................................... 53

Site Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 53
Space Planning: ..................................................................................................................... 55
Functions List: ...................................................................................................................... 56
Programming / Functional Diagram ..................................................................................... 57
Functions and activities......................................................................................................... 59
Design Approach .................................................................................................................. 60
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 61
Precedent Study #4 Local Competitor, Mental Hospital at King Saud University for Health
Sciences..................................................................................................................................... 62
Site Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 63
Market Issues ........................................................................................................................ 63
List of functions: ................................................................................................................... 64
Design Approach .................................................................................................................. 65
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 66
Chapter 5: Details for Interiors ..................................................................................................... 68

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………68
list of functions…………………………………………………………………………………..68
Matrix……………………………………………………………………………………………69
Design Program………………………………………………………………………………….70
Relationship Diagram……………………………………………………………………………71
Finish Schedules…………………………………………………………………………………73
Building Codes………………………………………………………………………………….76
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………82
References ..................................................................................................................................... 87
Abstract
Interior design involves the process of effective planning, designing, constructing buildings and
other structures. The effective interior design makes it easy for the final project to effectively meet
the required standards. In this project, there is a proposed construction of an inpatient health and
wellness center at Jeddah Corniche Towers. A literature review of the factors that affect the mental
health of patients in an interior design. These factors include color, lighting, space planning,
flooring, materials, and safety. A detailed explanation of how the factors affect the mental health
of patients is critically examined in the paper. The research methodology used to collect data on
the opinions of the people on the proposed project was through a qualitative method. The first
way was through the use of online surveys through Google forms. The second way was through
the use of online Zoom interviews. Four precedent architectural studies were conducted to meet
the design demands of the proposed project. Details for for interior that include: relationship
diagram, site analysis, criteria matrix, program schedules, finishes, schedules, Saudi building
codes, and conceptual board.
Keywords: Mental health, wellness, treatment, interiors, planning, materials, safety.

List of Figures
Figure 1: Ministry of Health logo.
Figure 2: Jeddah Corniche Towers.
Figure 3: Map Location.
Figure 4: Site of the Proposed Inpatient Health and Wellness Center.
Figure 5: Floor Plan 1.
Figure 7: Photograph Showing the site for Trillium Secure Adolescent Inpatient Facility.
Figure 8: Photograph Showing Floor Plan Analysis of Trillium Secure Adolescent Inpatient
Facility.
Figure 9: Photograph of Programming Schedule of Trillium Secure Adolescent Inpatient
Facility.
Figure 10: Photograph of Zoning of Trillium Secure Adolescent Inpatient Facility 1.
Figure 10: Photograph Showing the Zoning of Trillium Secure Adolescent Inpatient Facility 2.
Figure 11: Photograph of Criteria Matrix of Trillium Secure Adolescent Inpatient Facility.
Figure 12: Photograph Showing Interior Analysis of Trillium Secure Adolescent Inpatient
Facility.
Figure 13: Photograph Showing Exterior Analysis of Trillium Secure Adolescent Inpatient
Facility.
Figure 14: Photograph Showing Site Analysis of Hara Hospital – South building
Figure 15: Photograph Showing Floor- Plan Analysis of Hara Hospital – South building.
Figure 16: Photograph showing the Circulation of Hara Hospital – South building.
Figure 17: Photograph Showing the Zoning of Hara Hospital – South building.
Figure 18: Photograph Showing Interior Analysis of Hara Hospital – South building.
Figure 19: Photograph Showing Exterior Analysis of Hara Hospital – South building.
Figure 20: Photograph Showing Site Analysis of Al Wakrah Psychiatric Healthcare.
Figure 21: Photograph Showing Floor Plan Analysis of Al Wakrah Psychiatric Healthcare 1.
Figure 23: Photograph Showing Circulation of Al Wakrah Psychiatric Healthcare.
Figure 24: Photograph Showing the Interior Analysis of Al Wakrah Psychiatric Healthcare.
Figure 25: Photograph Showing the Exterior Analysis of Al Wakrah Psychiatric Healthcare.
Figure 26: Photograph Showing Mental Hospital at King Saud University for Health Sciences.
Figure 27: Photograph Showing Site Analysis of Mental Hospital at King Saud University for
Health Sciences.
Figure 28: Photograph Showing Interior Analysis of Mental Hospital at King Saud University
for Health Sciences 1
Figure 28: Photograph Showing Interior Analysis of Mental Hospital at King Saud University
for Health Sciences.
Figure 29: Piechart Showing Level of Awareness of Mental and Emotional Issues.
Figure 30: Piechart Showing Virtual Reality in the Center.
Figure 31: Piechart Showing the Indoor Activities that Should be Offered at the Center.
Figure 32: Barchart Showing the Outdoor Activities that Should be Offered at the Center.
Figure 33: Piechart Showing if Indoor Activities Should be Offered at the Center.
Figure 34: Piechart Showing if Therapy Should be Given Individually or in Groups.
Figure 35: Piechart Showing the Colour Schemes Preferred at the Center.
List of Tables
Table 1: Programing Schedule of Trillium Secure Adolescent Inpatient Facility.
Table 2: Design Program, Source: By Author: Reem Alghamdi. April 22,2021
Table 4: Finish Schedules, Source: By Author: Reem Alghamdi. April 22,2021
Preface
Tafee Inpatient Health and Wellness Centre is a proposed project for the establishment of
a mental health center at Jeddah Corniche Towers, located in Jeddah, KSA. This thesis paper
consists of five chapters. The first chapter discusses the synopsis of the final studio. It explains
the project statement, questions, objectives, rationale, target audience, client profile, site, and
shell. The second chapter discusses the literature review. In the second chapter, minor and major
studies are discussed. There is also a discussion of factors like color, lighting, space planning,
flooring, materials, and safety, which all affect the design of mental health centers. The third
chapter discusses the research methodology used in the collection of data on the opinions of the
people. The fourth chapter discusses the international and local precedent studies. In the fifth
chapter, details for interiors are discussed.
Limitations
During the conduction of the thesis, several limitations were encountered. Few resources
in Saudi Arabia focuses on the mental health and wellness of the people. Few research has been
done on the mental health state of the Saudi people which makes it hard to gather previous
information about the mental health status of the people. Saudi Arabia is a large country with a
high population. Only a limited number of people were interviewed and thus increasing the
chances of the unreliability of the interview results. The lower interviewed number of people
may sometimes not be the true reflection of the opinion of the entire population of Saudi Arabia.
There were no local similar projects in Saudi Arabia.

CHAPTER ONE: SYNOPSIS OF FINAL STUDIO
Project Statement
The thesis topic is in-patient health and wellness center aims to propose a complete service
of exceptional quality with full healthcare, creates personalized treatment, and a path to recovery
for an individual needs in a beautifully designed environment with all opportunities, resources,
and safety measures.
People suffer a variety of mental health problems such as burnout, depression, and anxiety,
or somatic tension and pain. The center will assist with making the circumstance clearer to assist
individuals with understanding that there are arrangements and approaches to free themselves.
Besides, a lot of people go through chaos, negative feelings, and a sense of powerlessness, and
nowadays, these feelings are intensified due to COVID-19, which was declared as a pandemic by
the World Health Organization, WHO in March 11, 2020. The project aims for holistic excellence
from personalized treatment programs to one-to-one counseling, nutrition, wellbeing programs,
and a detailed aftercare plan.
Research Questions:
• How may the interior design of the center promote mental, emotional, physical
wellbeing to the patient?
• How may support provided in the center allow people to be more inclusive members of
society?
Research Objectives:
• To provide thoughtfully designed safe interior spaces, contained, caring, and professionally
conscientious.
• To help people establish and practice personal recovery behaviors, mindsets, and
attitudes to develop their wellbeing over the long term.
• To focus on the advancement of health care services in Saudi Arabia in line with the vision
of 2030.
• To increase the awareness of people that there are solutions and ways to assist people
suffering from mental and emotional issues.
Rationale
The research is significant to Jeddah’s community because it emphasizes designing and
developing a better health environment that will serve, specifically for people who are suffering
from mental or emotional issues with their families. The need for this project is emphasized within
the Vision of 2030 which identifies the certain quality of life targets among which are, establish
centers to provide primary psychological care, nutrition clinics, health facilities in all sectors
(governmental and private) for the construction of hypnotherapy suites and clinics for the reception
of psychiatric patients and to expand the establishment of growth and behavioral disorders centers
in these facilities. Moreover, Expansion of extended health care services (medical rehabilitation,
long-term care, home health care, and psychiatric accommodation).
Targeted Audience
The main targeted audience is the people who are suffering from mental or emotional
issues from young adulthood, like 18 and above. People above 18 years are more likely to suffer
from mental illness compared to people below 18 years.

Client Profile
The Ministry of Health (MOH), is the service regulating the health care and wellbeing
strategy of Saudi Arabia. The service is assigned with forming systems to guarantee general
wellbeing in the country while likewise overseeing vital wellbeing infrastructure. It was founded
on December 14, 1950. The center will help in achieving the Ministry of Health's goals.
Figure 1: Ministry of Health logo.
Site and Shell
The site selection is Jeddah Corniche Towers, located in Jeddah, KSA. It is selecting this
site because it's centered on well-known places. Moreover, it's near to the sea, and there is a
healing power of the sea. Therefore, being close to the sea gives huge physical and psychological
health benefits. Besides, the area is serviced by good road networks that ensure accessibility
from all directions of the city.

Figure 2: Jeddah Corniche Towers
Qibla Direction
Sun Direction
North Direction
Wind Direction
Main Road
Secondary Road
Figure 3: Site Analysis
Figure 4: Site of the Proposed Inpatient Health and Wellness Center.

(This images was used for educational purpose and is blurred due to copy rights)
Figure 5: Site Floor Plan Figure 5: Site Floor Plan
Figure 6: Site Floor Plan
Conclusion
The thesis topic of in-patient health and wellness center focuses on proposing a complete
service of exceptional quality of healthcare, establishing a personalized treatment, and path to

recovery for people’s needs in a beautifully designed environment. The COVID-19 pandemic
has intensified people having negative feelings, undergoing physical chaos, and developing a
sense of powerlessness. The project aims to provide holistic excellence by use of one-to-one
counseling, nutrition, detailed after-care plan, and wellbeing programs.
There are detailed objectives for establishing the center. The center aims at the provision
of designed safe interior spaces that will facilitate reliable caretaking. The center also aims at
helping the people practice norms that will help them recover personally, develop a positive
mindset and attitudes that will maintain their safe mental health over the long term. The center
also aims at increasing mental health awareness among people and show that there are solutions
to the mental issues affecting the people.
The research is important to the people of the Jeddah community as it helps in the
designing and establishment of a proficient health environment that will serve the people mainly
affected by mental health. The need for the center is in line with vision 2030 which identifies the
quality of life aspects that should be part of everyone’s life. The quality aspects include primary
psychological care, nutrition clinics, private and government health facilities, and clinics for
psychiatric patients. Expansion of these psychiatric disorders control centers will help in dealing
with the mental issues that affect people daily.
The main targeted audience is people aged 18 years and above with a history of mental
and emotional issues. There are a higher number of cases of people above 18 years suffering
from mental health issues as compared to those under the age of 18 years. The Ministry of
Health, (MOH), is concerned about ensuring the health safety of the people of Saudi Arabia. The
service is assigned the role of ensuring the functional running of the health system by ensuring
both the infrastructure and all resources are in a good condition.

Many factors were considered before choosing Jeddah Corniche Towers as the site for
the center. The site is centered on well-known places. The site is near the sea and many people
believe in the healing power of the sea. This provides huge physical and psychological health
benefits. The area is also accessible to a good road network. This makes it easier for people to
travel to the center in search of appropriate mental health treatment.

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
Mental Health is a condition of wellbeing where individuals comprehend their capabilities,
handle the ordinary pressures of life, work actively and productively, and impact their society.
Another concern has been why sick people would fail to seek medical attention, mostly those with
psychological and depression-related problems. There is a need to find out how the interior design
of a health care facility can affect health outcomes. This review focuses on central themes about
mental wellbeing and designing an inpatient health and wellness center.
Minor Studies
According to WHO, one out of four people suffers from mental-related health problems
(Almutairi 2015). In developed countries, mental illness accounts for more than 25% of the total
cases of disabilities. However, according to the study by Almutairi, there is limited information
concerning mental illness in Saudi Arabia. Nonetheless, Almutairi (2015) reports on a study done
among the high school students selected from four different schools. The sample size was 354.
This research indicated that 48% of the sample suffered from mental health-related problems.
Additionally, the female had a higher prevalence of 51% than males, whose prevalence stood at
41%. However, this study had several limitations, which affect the validity and reliability of this
study. For instance, the sample size used in this study was too small to represent the whole high
school population.
Another study that is done among the Saudi populations was a cross-sectional
epidemiological study whose objectives were to study the rate of prevalence of mental illness
morbidity among adults. In this study, 609 patients were screened (Al-Khathami, & Ogbeide
2020). The average age of the patient was 33.7 years. Out of the 609 patients screened, 53.4%
were female, while 46.7% were male. Among the 609 patients screened, 18.2% were found to be
suffering from mental illness. The prevalence was higher in women than in men, with 22.2% and
13.7%, respectively. Besides, patients between 15-29 years had the highest prevalence of 23.2%,
17.8% for people aged between 31-44 years, while those between 45-65 years had a prevalence
rate of 7.1%. Al-Khathami & Ogbeide concluded that younger people are more likely to be affected
by mental illness than older people. Also, women are more affected than men.
Although there are disparities between the two studies conducted in Saudi Arabia in terms
of figures in prevalence, it is clear mental illness is a huge concern that should be addressed with
immediate effect. Both studies have also indicated that mental illness is higher among young
people than among older people. This shows that the country's future is at stake if these issues are
not addressed immediately.
Similarly, the WHO article about "Mental health and COVID-19" revealed that 2020 had
been a year of uncertainties when COVID-19 hit the world and caused so many problems. Some
of these are losing jobs by a significant population, working from home, children studying from
home, and many businesses' closures, among other pressing problems. These problems and the
fear of contracting the disease have been causing mental health problems to the population. World
Health Organization partnering with other stakeholders has been doing its best to reach out to the
most affected, offering them guidance. Having good mental health is very crucial for an
individual’s wellbeing. In an article about "Mental health problems - early care helps," the authors
indicate that mental health is an essential aspect of a human being. There is a need to seek medical
intervention for any symptoms of being mentally disturbed or mild depression. The seeking of
mental attention before the condition becomes severe will help ensure one is mentally healthy.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a favorable place where people with mental health problems
can receive treatment.

Major Studies
Many studies have established a positive correlation between interior design and mental
health. The general architectural design, lighting, color, space, and floor plan, the material used
has a significant effect on the mental health of patients (Connellan et al., 2013). Connellan and
colleagues conducted a study through a comprehensive review of studies related to interior design
and mental Health and found persuasive evidence that shows a positive relationship between the
two variables. According to Connellan et al. (2013), interior design has a significant effect on
mental health and should be done in a way that enhances comfortability and relaxation.
Studies have demonstrated the need to come up with an appropriate design for facilities
that take care of people with mental problems. In the book "Sustainable Design," David (2013)
discusses spaces and design structures useful in preserving our natural resources like harvesting
rainwater, wind energy, gray water, indoor air quality, and a green roof. Surprisingly, there is a
massive connection between sustainable designs and human Health, for example, bedridden
patients with nervous conditions recovering with a dog's help. Indoor plants that filter air have also
been found very useful to people battling mental health problems. Giving them hospital rooms that
they can beautiful scenery has also been said to help them recover faster.
In a similar book, Robin Wilson (2015) writes offers the perspective of an interior designer
in her work. The author brings the idea of using eco-friendly substances in flooring, roofing, and
painting and says that it will preserve the environment and work well for the people's wellness to
live in that house. The author provides practical ways of reducing smoke, dust, puppy dander,
asthma triggers, and allergens. From her work, it is clear that using eco-friendly substances will
ultimately reduce asthma attacks and allergies; on the larger picture, the people will end being
healthier. In the book "Color Play," Joen Wolfrom (2014) brings our color and colorful drawings
to have physical and emotional effects; she brings in color combination basics to how to use natural
light and tricks to create beautiful color patterns. She also brings out the emotional meanings of
colors. She further says that colors are mood lifters; when one comes across their favorite color,
they tend to show better moods. This reflects positively on their Health.
Color
According to Feltz (2020), color is the most impactful part of interior design on mental
wellbeing. Feltz argues the moods of a person can easily change depending on the color of the
room. For instance, the color blue is known to enhance relaxation by slowing the rate of
metabolism and blood pressure, resulting in a relaxation effect on the body (Feltz 2020). In the
article by Andriotis (2020), the conclusion is similar to that of Feltz (2020). According to
Andriotis, color and lights are significant factors that affect our moods. Further, Andriotis suggests
that light colors bring a feeling of openness and freedom, while dark colors make people feel
enclosed. Although colors are always associated with different aspects, for instance, nature is
always depicted as green and water as blue, Andriotis (2020) argues that these ideas are not
universal. The color choices may also trigger old memories; some of them might not be unhappy
childhood memories which might trigger psychological problems, hence affecting people's mental
health. Therefore, color choices in interior designs should be treated uniquely and used as per the
need of the users (Andriotis 2020). Therefore, while doing the interior design of the mental
hospital, it is important to consider the colors to use. This is because some colors enhance
tranquility and calmness, which results in relaxation. On the other hand, warm colors such as
yellow, orange, and red create a sense of uneasiness, stress, and anxiety, which are toxic to mental
health. It is also important to note and acknowledge the color psychology of people. Warm colors
such as red and orange may be interpreted as a danger, while white, blue, and green may be used
interpreted as peaceful or harmony. However, the color psychology of people is also not universal
worldwide. For instance, in Asian countries such as India, and China the color red is interpreted
as warmth and joy, while in western civilization, the same color red can be interpreted as danger
or error, which will cause some anxiety (Singh & Srivastava 2011).
Lighting
Several studies have indicated that lighting affects the general moods of a person, reduces
depression, and increases productivity in work areas (Sun et al., 2019). According to Sun and
colleagues, lighting influences the emotional state of a person. A poorly-lit room causes stress,
while a well-lit room improves the relaxations of the occupants. A similar conclusion is made by
Daniella (2019) in an article about interior design and mental health. According to Daniella, natural
lighting tends to improves relaxation, as well as reducing the rate of depression, and boost
happiness. In line with this, Daniella recommends that lighting in the houses should maximize the
use of natural light; that is, the sun (Daniella 2019). Therefore, the design of health related facilities
should ensure that it capitalizes on natural light. It also should consider lighting systems that mimic
the sun, as this has been found to reduce anxiety and improves happiness. The recommendations
by Daniella (2019) are similar to the study by Piotrowski & Rogers (2010). According to
Piotrowski and Rogers, sunlight motivates people to work and makes them feel energized. It also
states that lack of sunlight for has can trigger stress, anxiety, and depression.
Space Planning
Studies have indicated that space affects the subconscious perception of the environment.
Rooms with relatively higher ceilings create a sense of freedom among the occupants of the room.
On the other hand, a room whose ceiling is slightly above the head creates a sense of confinement,
which causes stress and bad moods (Opus 2020). Besides, a higher ceiling is known to foster
creativity, as compared to shorter ones. People who are used to shorter ceiling shows general mood
increase while in higher ceiling rooms.
Similar to vertical space, floor space is also important in ensuring good mental health. In
some instances, the floor size may limit the number of spaces between the objects therein. To
minimize this, effective floor planning is essential. Floor space should ensure ease of movement
from one point to another, as well as the free circulation of air. According to (Webster 2012), good
floor design should minimize dead spaces. According to Webster, dead spaces occur when objects
such as furniture are placed against the walls, which creates some negative energy. Further,
Webster argues that floor space should facilitate a seamless circulation of elements in the room,
allowing energy to flow around objects, which encourages mental wellbeing.
While doing floor space planning for the mental health facility, the interior design should
consider the size of the space and the size and number of objects to be placed. A clustered floor
space limits the flow of elements and creates a 'chaotic' environment that causes stress.
Additionally, the objects should be well-organized within the flow space (Webster 2012). Webster
argues that a disorganized, messy, and cluttered space can makes an individual belligerent, which
leads to stress and depression.
Flooring
Flooring in interior design is among the most important things one should keep in mind.
Flooring is the first physical contact we get when we enter a certain place or even our houses.
Therefore, our minds will perceive the flooring of a building, which may affect our mental health
and evoke happiness, anger, or sadness (Harris, 2015). The floor should promote a sense of safety;
a slippery floor can increase tension among the room occupants. Besides, flooring for the mental
facility should be durable. This is because the floor is exposed to many abrasive activities such as
dragging objects such as furniture (Shepley 2017). According to Shepley, floors in mental facilities
should be able to sustain those activities without wearing out faster. Shepley further argues that it
is highly likely that frequent spills that cause permanent stains can occur on the floor. The floor in
mental health facilities should be easy to clean to avoid permanent stains to handle this possibility.
Seamless floors are recommended as the most preferred flooring materials in the mental hospital
(Shepley 2017).
Materials
When deciding the material to be used in designing, one should consider things like; what
color to paint on the wall, the kind of couch in the sitting room, and how to position your floor.
Some materials, such as wooden materials, promote relaxation, while others, like steel, increases
tension and anxiety (Tsunetsugu et al. 2010). The conclusion by Tsunetsugu is similar to that of a
study done by Curtis et al. (2013), which suggests that wooden materials bring about an aesthetic
and homely atmosphere, which encourages relaxation. According to Curtis, patients suffering from
depression, stress, and anxiety are likely to relax in rooms with an object such as furniture made
of wooden materials.
Safety
Interior designers should consider how safe it is before designing. (Guerin & Martin, 2010).
For instance, mental hospitals have a ceiling with more privacy, and the occupants' safety is
assured. The designed building should consider the welfare of the occupants by using the right
material, and this will help people relax. In addition, some safety measures are specifically fit for
the in-patient mental health facility. To reduce the possible risks, the interior design should entail
secure, durable, and built-in desks and shelves. These shelves can be used in story patients’ items,
and since they are fixed, there is a low possibility of accidents while moving them (Curtis et al.,
2013). In addition, the doors should be designed so that they can swing on both sides. According
to Curtis and colleagues, this will help reduce cases of patients barricading themselves in the
rooms.
Conclusion
It is vital to establish how the interior design of a health care facility can impact the
mental health of these people. In developed countries, mental illness accounts for more than 25%
of the cases of disabilities. There is limited information concerning the mental illness state of
Saudi Arabia. A study in Saudi Arabia among high school students indicated that around half of
the students had mental health-related problems. The study also indicated that the female
students were more predisposed to mental health problems compared to the boys.
Another study aimed at studying the prevalence of mental illness morbidity among Saudi
Arabian adults. The study established that younger people are more likely to suffer from mental
health-related issues. The women were also observed to be more predisposed to mental health
illnesses as compared to the men. In Saudi Arabia, mental health is a vital issue that requires
immediate intervention. The future of the country depends on addressing the mental illness
issues affecting the people.
The mental health of many people across the world was heavily affected by the COVID-
19 pandemic. People lost their jobs, they were forced to work from their homes, the children
were forced to studying from their homes, and many businesses were closed as a result of the
COVID-19 pandemic. The fear of contracting the disease also aggravated the mental health
problems among many people. Having the best mental health status is a crucial component of
everyone's life. People need to seek earlier medical intervention for any depression or mentally
disturbed conditions.
Many studies have established a relationship between interior design and its effect on
mental health. The color, architectural design, space, material used, lighting, and the plan of the
floor all affect the mental health of the patients. Interior design should be done in a way that aims
at the promotion of positive mental health of the patients. Giving patients hospital rooms with
beautiful scenery has been said to boost their recovery process. There is a study that has
indicated that an eco-friendly environment is crucial in ensuring the safe health of the people.
There has been a study to show that the use of color and colorful drawings influence
emotions. People exposed to their favorite colors tend to show better moods. It influences how
the mood of a person can easily change. Blue color has been proposed to cause emotional
relaxation by decreasing both the blood pressure and the rate of metabolism. Light colors bring a
sense of openness and freedom while dark colors are responsible for making people moody.
Color selection may also trigger some memories, which can either be bad or good. It may affect
patients' mental health status when they remember the memories. Choosing the appropriate color
while doing interior design is crucial. The cultural backgrounds should be considered as color
psychology varies in different parts of the world.
Lighting influences the emotional state of a person. A poorly-lit room increases stress
while a well-lit room promotes positive mental health. Studies have indicated that proper lighting
causes relaxation, reduces depression, and boosts the level of confidence. The interior design for
mental health-related centers should make maximum use of natural light. Studies have indicated
that sunlight motivates people to work and makes them feel energized. Lack of sunlight has been
shown to trigger anxiety, stress, and depression.
Space is another crucial component that should be considered when designing mental
health facilities. It affects the subconscious perception of the environment. Well-spacious rooms
are crucial in the promotion of the positive mental state of the occupants. Poorly spaced rooms
create a sense of confinement in the occupants which generally harms their mental health. Lower
ceiling height creates a sense of confinement. People who use shorter ceilings show an increased
general increase compared to those who use higher ceiling heights. Good floor space makes it
easier for people to move from one place to another. A clustered floor space creates a chaotic
environment that increases the level of stress.
Flooring is a crucial thing that should be put into consideration. It plays a role in
controlling the mood of the people. It should promote a sense of safety for the occupants. A
slippery floor can increase the sense of tension among the people. The materials selected for
flooring should be durable. The floor in mental health facilities should be easy to clean and avoid
permanent stains. The materials used in designing mental health facilities also influence the
nature of the mental health of the people. Studies suggest that wooden materials bring about
relaxation by creating an aesthetic and homely atmosphere.
The safety of the building should be considered by the designers of mental health.
Materials used in the building of the mental health center should not be a danger to the
occupants. The interior design should require secure durable, and built-in desks and shelves. It
reduces the possibility of accidents when trying to move the equipment. The doors should swing
on both sides. This will help reduce the congestion and obstruction of the patients in the rooms.
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGHY
The research aims to increase awareness among people and to provide thoughtfully
designed safe interior spaces, contained, caring, and professionally conscientious. Besides, to
create an atmosphere of respect and therapeutic interpersonal interactions to enhance individual
strength. It’s also a really important message sent to patients and their families in the community
is that people with mental or emotional issues are valued members of society and the organizations
have invested to provide warm and comfortable environments.
The type of approach used to collect data is the qualitative method. The method used was
purposive sampling with a structured form because it is instituted to observe general public
opinions and experiences. Besides, this method gives people freedom and flexibility to answer the
questionnaire. So, by using different type questions it allows collecting in-depth insights into the
research topic.
Two methods were used to facilitate the collection of more accurate data for the research.
The first one was an online survey done by using google forms. Social media platforms were used
to state and spread the survey. The total responses were from 108 people. A percentage of 48%
person described their level of awareness by answering well, 30% poor, and 16% extremely well.
The majority preferred to have a virtual reality experience in the center. 90% percent of people
selected art therapy, 63% mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and 60% music therapy liked to
be offered in the center. More than half preferred to receive treatment for both individually and
with groups. While 33% preferred to receive treatment individually. People suggested having
indoor plants and few solid colors mixed with pastels. See appendix A.
The second method used was an online interview via Zoom Meeting with a clinical
psychologist, whose expertise was focused on adolescent and adult psychotherapy. The interview
included questions like: "what are the procedures taken and how individuals are diagnosed with
mental or emotional issues?”, “What services do you provide in the center?”, and “what features
have been used in the center to ensure the patient’s security, privacy, and safety?”. It qualitative
method was used to collect accurate data based on studies and professional experiences.
After transcribing the interview information into written text, first of all, the first session is a
clinical interview, the period time for the first session is from 50 to 60 minutes. Usually, they call
them clients, not patients, especially in the mental health sectors. The first session is the assessment
session, they know why the clients came and ask them several questions. After the first session the
therapist work on the client’s thoughts, emotion, and behavior. In the second session, the therapist
decides how many sessions the client needs and the goals. The center provides individual therapy,
group therapy, family therapy, behavioral therapy, play therapy, and counseling. Clients under age
18 come with their families, most of the clients come individually because they know that there a
psychological problem they cannot deal with.
When clients book an appointment, they make sure that it’s confidential because some clients
are VIP. The psychologist mentioned that it’s important to pay attention to the sound so is not
going out to the next rooms, and no one is going to hear anything from the session especially in
the therapy rooms. The lighting must be not very bright, cozy, and warm in addition to the color
schemes and the furniture. The center colors are white, turquoise, and beige. Moreover, When the
client arrives, they first go to the reception, then to the waiting area, then the therapist will go to
the waiting room and call the client to come inside the clinic. The therapy spaces must be comfy
and cozy including comfortable and flexible furniture. During the therapy session, the furniture
included is not office desks and chairs, but more likely to be sofas and calm environment. Most of
the sessions are talking sessions. The size of the therapy rooms doesn’t have to be very wide and
not very small, medium size is fine because some people have a phobia from small or tight spaces
in mental health. There are important security issues in the addiction centers and the inpatient
centers because sometimes patients try to escape. For example, a small hidden button under the
desk for any emergency cases, the therapist presses it and the security enters the room, this is for
the therapist's safety. The psychologist suggested having an outdoor area where clients can have
their sessions and be exposed to fresh air. Also, to include an isolated smoking area because clients
do smoke, so it’s preferable to be outside.
Under the conducted in-depth research methodologies, several aspects were discussed.
Awareness was gained around propositions such as the community need for an inpatient health
and wellness center that focuses on the treatment of people suffering from mental or emotional
issues. Furthermore, information gathered from Jeddah’s community will help in designing out a
professional space in line with the needs and wants of the patient’s treatment journey.
CHAPTER FOUR: PRECEDENT STUDIES
Precedent studies are crucial in solving problems in a design process that have been
previously solved by other designs (First in Architecture, 2018). The site selection criteria, the
material used, the floor plan analysis, the space planning, criteria matrix, program zoning,
functions, and activities are crucial in the designing of inpatient and wellness centers. These
precedent studies give a better understanding of the problem that is to be tackled in the proposed
design. They help in developing an interior design that is appropriate to the context. The
structure, size, aesthetic appearance, access, materials, and context of the building should be
analyzed to solve the design problem appropriately.
The precedent studies also help to communicate the vision of the project. The use of the
precedent studies boosts the client's confidence in the architect on the nature of the proposed
project that the client wants. The use of the precedent studies makes the proposed architectural
building more relevant to the client. They help in a better understanding of the architectural
language of the client. The client can understand better how the architectural building will be
designed. It helps to communicate the meaning of the project to the client. The clients can even
suggest the improvements from the precedent studies they want on the proposed project.
In this project, Jeddah Corniche Inpatient Health and Wellness Center, four precedent
architectural studies were considered. There was ensuring that the precedent architectural studies
met the standard of the proposed structure. There was ensuring that the architectural buildings
chosen for the study had matching similarities with the proposed building. This was in line with
ensuring that the quality of demand for mental health was to be met by the proposed inpatient
health and wellness center. The architectural designs of the four buildings were critically
analyzed to ensure the demands of the project were to be met.
The first precedent study done was based on an International, Trillium Secure Adolescent
Inpatient Facility. The second one was based on International, Hara Hospital – South building.
The third one was based on Regional, Al Wakrah Psychiatric Healthcare. The final one was
based on Local Competitor, Mental Hospital at King Saud University for Health Sciences. In the
cases, there was a critical analysis of the site, list of functions, floor plan analysis, space
planning, program schedule zoning, approach design, interior analysis, and conclusion.
Precedent Study #1 International, Trillium Secure Adolescent Inpatient Facility

• TVA Architects
• Client: Not mentioned
• Address: Corvallis, United States
• Year built: 2015
• Client:
• Area: 1200 m2
• Targeted audience: adolescents suffering from substantial behavioral and mental health
issues.
The facility was selected as a precedent study due to its design elements that are in line with
the researcher’s objectives in the project, that is; providing thoughtfully designed safe interior
spaces, contained, caring, and professionally conscientious. Moreover, according to Fortis, A.
(2015) this project aims to create a warm, welcoming, recuperative atmosphere that respects the
dignity of the patient while appealing to a teenage clientele, as the researcher plans to implement
these goals on the project.

Site Analysis
Sun direction
Site
North direction
Wind direction
Main road
Figure 7: Photograph Showing the site for Trillium Secure Adolescent Inpatient Facility.
Programming / Floor Plan Analysis
Figure 8: Photograph Showing Floor Plan Analysis of Trillium Secure Adolescent Inpatient
Facility.
Space Planning
Space is mainly made using a diagonal and orthogonal grid with straight edges. In addition to
the rectangles and squares, creating intersecting layout. Moreover, the corridors are wide and
accessible in considerations of people with disabilities

Programming / Circulation
Figure 9: Photograph of Programming Schedule of Trillium Secure Adolescent Inpatient Facility.

Programming / Zoning
Public
Private
Figure 10: Photograph of Zoning of Trillium Secure Adolescent Inpatient Facility 1.
Programming / Criteria Matrix
Figure 10: Photograph Showing the Zoning of Trillium Secure Adolescent Inpatient Facility 2.
Programming/ Criteria Matrix
Figure 11: Photograph of Criteria Matrix of Trillium Secure Adolescent Inpatient Facility.
Programming Schedule
Table 1:
Programing Schedule of Trillium Secure Adolescent Inpatient Facility
Design Approach
All interior spaces have been analyzed in detail, showing the integration of natural elements in
the space. Moreover, the overall space has both organic and sustainable materials as well as
lighting. Neutral colors combined with colorful furniture. Recessed rectangular LED is used as
ambient lighting for the whole space, as well as skylights and clerestory windows
Interior Analysis
Figure 12: Photograph Showing Interior Analysis of Trillium Secure Adolescent Inpatient
Facility.
Exterior Analysis
Figure 13: Photograph Showing Exterior Analysis of Trillium Secure Adolescent Inpatient
Facility.
Functions and Activities

Space includes sleeping pods, therapy activities, learning activities, and play activities.
Conclusion
The building is designed to combine the qualities of a luxurious mental health facility with
modern vernacular forms, recognizing the rustic area and providing residential imagery.
Classrooms, staff areas, and common areas joined with the sleeping pods surrounded by two
enclosed courtyards. The exterior color scheme is a contemporary play on the farm home, with
rich tree siding, warm metallic cladding, and brilliant emphasize colors.
Precedent Study #2 International, Hara Hospital – South building

• Architects: Aya Sato, K+S Architects, Nobuya Kashima
• Area: 7559 m²
• Year: 2020
• Client: not mentioned
• Address: Isesaki, Japan
• Targeted audience: people suffering from mental health issues.
Al Hara Psychiatric Hospital was selected by the researcher due to its design concept
that is similar to the researcher’s future concept in the project, that includes; environment with
hospitality, an open for the community, and Various comfortable spaces. The building has
courtyards, which creates tranquility, comfortableness of the sunlight and fresh air, and pleasure
of variations in the four seasons. Besides, the patients with different conditions can choose from
several areas to socialize and have a conversation next to the courtyard, to stay alone by watching
beautiful views, to reduce stress after bathing, and to be relaxed in the enclosed space.
Site Analysis
Sun direction
Site
North direction
Wind direction
Main road
Figure 14: Photograph Showing Site Analysis of Hara Hospital – South building
Figure 15: Photograph Showing Floor- Plan Analysis of Hara Hospital – South building.
Space Planning
Space is mainly made using the diagonal and orthogonal grid. In addition to two courtyards and
two small yards with rectangular forms. Moreover, the corridors are inclusive and accessible in
considerations of people with disabilities
Function List:
1. Nurse station
2. Hall
3. Elevators
4. Bathroom
5. Dressing room
6. Lounge
7. Dayroom
8. Occupational therapy room
9. Small yard
10. Courtyard
11. Laundry
12. Isolation room
13. Semi isolation room
14. Emergency
15. 4 beds room
16. Single room
17. Terrace
Figure 16: Photograph showing the Circulation of Hara Hospital – South building.
Public
Private
Figure 17: Photograph Showing the Zoning of Hara Hospital – South building.
Design Approach
The project’s interior shows the extensive use of natural wood to make the interiors
homely and warm. Besides, connecting garden, courtyards, and the small yards to space softly to
give patients an enjoyable view of the mountains and the gardens from their rooms. The exterior
façade has an attractive expression by the white huge “Border” with different depths and lengths.
Also, the random arrangements of the windows and borders.

Interior Analysis
Figure 18: Photograph Showing Interior Analysis of Hara Hospital – South building.
Exterior Analysis
Figure 19: Photograph Showing Exterior Analysis of Hara Hospital – South building.
Conclusion
Based on the conducted analysis of the precedent study, Hara Hospital provides various
treatment spaces which makes it certainly accessible to patients. The extensive use of wood in the
interiors creates a sense of warmth alongside neutral colors which highlight each zone.
Furthermore, the day room and treatment areas have floor-to-ceiling windows which visually
integrate into the outdoor views allowing the patients to feel relaxed.
Precedent Study #3 Regional, Al Wakrah Psychiatric Healthcare

• MAAP Architects, Medical Architecture Australasia Pacific
• Client: Hamad Medical Corporation & Private Engineering Office of Emir (PEO). It’s a
government agency of the State of Qatar. Effectively starting in 2004, the agency falls under
the sponsorships of the Emiri Diwan of Qatar and receives its directives from H.H. the Emir
• Year built: 2016

• Address: Qatar, Doha
• Area: 2000 m2
• Targeted Audience: people with mental illnesses
Al Wakrah Psychiatric Healthcare was selected by the researcher due to the variety of
functions that relates intensely to the researcher’s aim. Besides, it is an awards-winner center
according to the article. Moreover, the center was designed with careful consideration to patients
and their needs, which will be emphasized through the precedent study analysis. Furthermore, the
strong connection with nature and publicity to the striking surroundings of this building is one of
the major goals of the researcher, as the researcher believes that a therapeutic environment should
be wide-open to the beautiful surroundings so that the powerful healing can increase the wellbeing
of the patients.
Site Analysis
Sun direction
Site
North direction
Wind direction
Main road
Figure 20: Photograph Showing Site Analysis of Al Wakrah Psychiatric Healthcare.
Space Planning:
The space is mainly made using an orthogonal grid with straight edges. In addition to the
courtyards are established into a repetition element that allows connectivity with the adjacent
elements. A tiling system based on diﬀerent selections and using square (orthogonal) geometry.
Functions List:
1. Reception
2. Waiting area
3. Patient Courtyards
4. Raised buffer gardens
5. Inpatient Courtyards
6. Inpatient bedrooms
7. Seclusion Suite
8. Storage
9. Visitor Room
10. Prayer Room
11. Seating area
12. TV room
13. Therapy rooms
14. Offices
15. Smoking area
16. Staff area
17. Dining room
18. Interview room
19. Public WC
Programming / Functional Diagram
Figure 22: Photograph Showing Functional Diagram of Al Wakrah Psychiatric Healthcare.
Figure 23: Photograph Showing Circulation of Al Wakrah Psychiatric Healthcare.

Functions and activities
The design incorporates spaces that permit the patient to progress from "home" to a
"neighborhood" of carefully observed activity and a “downtown” atmosphere that is shared by all
patients.
Design Approach
The project’s interior shows a protective inpatient healthcare center, balancing the need
for privacy and safety, surrounded with courtyards and gardens, using familiar architecture and
urban form approachable to the local climate. The design for the center depends on the central idea
that architecture can stimulate healing. The plan layout and form show a belief that the design
itself can assist the staff in supporting the patient’s return to society through a thoughtful
arrangement of space and design elements. The facility provides a serene for a noisy mind and
gradually proceeds that mind to a progressively interactive world.
Interior Analysis
Figure 24: Photograph Showing the Interior Analysis of Al Wakrah Psychiatric Healthcare.
Exterior Analysis
Figure 25: Photograph Showing the Exterior Analysis of Al Wakrah Psychiatric Healthcare.
Conclusion
The building supports this deliberately arranged and separately supervised residential
atmosphere. While the materials and the architectural forms show the calming scale of a small
town. The design visualizes a noninstitutional environment of eight courtyards to support healing.
Inpatient spaces are within separate two- or three-level courtyard “homes” organized along a
curving outdoor atrium.
Precedent Study #4 Local Competitor, Mental Hospital at King Saud University for Health
Sciences
• Dar Alhandasah Architects
• Location: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jeddah
• Client: The Ministry of National Guard-Healthcare Affairs, a government-funded health
system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, was founded in 1983.
• Year built: Under constructions
• Area: 6000 m2
• Targeted Audience: psychiatric and addiction patients
The facility was selected by the researcher due to its approach which is to design a space
for people suffering from mental or emotional issues based on their needs, as they focus on
designing an enthusiastic pleasant environment for the patients, which is the same approach that
the researcher has. Besides, the researcher found this project very stimulating due to its
incorporation with nature in parallel with modernism, which is in the same design direction as the
researcher.
Figure 26: Photograph Showing Mental Hospital at King Saud University for Health Sciences.
Site Analysis
Figure 27: Photograph Showing Site Analysis of Mental Hospital at King Saud University for
Health Sciences.
Market Issues
Market issues facing the project include mental health education and awareness,
physical injuries and disorders are usually distinguishable. If someone is not feeling well,
something hurts, the clinical tests indicate the abnormality. Mental issues, however, it is often hard
to identify. Besides, the social stigma around mental health illnesses. Various studies have
established that the stigma related to mental illness often inhibits people from accessing treatment.
List of functions:
1. 96 inpatient rooms
2. 40-room outpatient
3. Secure entries
4. Diagnostic and treatment areas
5. Administration areas
6. Main kitchen
7. Staff cafeteria
8. Logistics and support area
9. Therapy and recreation zones
10. Indoor and outdoor landscaping features
11. Electromechanical services
12. Infrastructure utilities
Administration, Mosque, and Education
Public Zones:
• The ground floor of the Administration/Education building contains spaces for post-
graduate and general education including a 100-person lecture hall that can be divided into
two large classrooms, an electronic medical library, and support spaces.
• Two additional 30-person classrooms and five shared offices for two staff each.
• A two-story atrium and elevator lobby lead visitors to the upper floor housing executive
administration suites for the CEO, CFO, their assistants and staff, the human resources
unit, and a faculty offices suite.
The Psychiatric Building includes four main services:
• Outpatient psychiatric clinics with 33 treatment/therapy rooms,
• Daycare center for 20 to 25 occupants,
• Residential recovery motel with 20 bedrooms for men and women

• An outpatient pharmacy
Design Approach
The project design has a variety of glass walls and partitions that allows daylight incorporation
as well as an organic style in the space. It has natural colors, organic finishes, and large windows
for natural light integration. Yellow is used as an accent color in some furniture pieces and
bedroom walls to give patients an optimistic feel. Besides, linear LED stripes as ambient lighting
are applied in the transitional spaces. Furthermore, the patient’s room, cozy and comfortable wood
application in addition to the floor-to-ceiling windows which gives them a unique experience with
wonderful views.
Interior Analysis
Figure 28: Photograph Showing Interior Analysis of Mental Hospital at King Saud University for
Health Sciences 1.
Interior Analysis
Figure 28: Photograph Showing the Interior Analysis of Mental Hospital at King Saud University
for Health Sciences 2.
Conclusion
In conclusion, all four precedent studies are emphasized healthcare and mental health
specifically, they allow the patients to experience the space securely and comfortably through
applying accessible design, yet are aesthetically appealing to the users. These projects are a great
example of what the researcher aims to achieve, as well as the direction of the researcher, which
is to provide a space that restores patients psychologically and physically through the design and
focuses on the incorporation of nature. Moreover, the functions are very similar to the researcher’s
project, as they all target people with mental or emotional issues. Having these precedent studies
allows the researcher to envision the upcoming project, have a great idea to design the project
established from international values, and achieve knowledge resulting from a present example.
CHAPTER FIVE: DETAILS FOR INTERIORS
Details for interiors are discussed in chapter five. In this chapter, the detailed required
specification of each part of the space is defined, through tables. This chapter includes: matrix,
design program, relationship diagrm, finish schedules, and Saudi Building codes. Therefore, they
are going to be explained through visuals in the coming pages. Furthermore, including those
details will provide the researcher a path that makes the deaign process obvious and applied for
the next phases.
Function List:
1. Reception
2. Waiting area
3. Nursing
4. Diagnostic room
5. Staff central station
6. Lounge
7. Kitchen
8. Day room
9. Therapy room
10. Art therapy studio
11. Music therapy room
12. Family / visitor room
13. Classroom
14. SPA
15. Housekeeping
16. Public wc
17. . Courtyard
18. Prayer room
19. . Inpatient bedrooms
20. Dining room
21. Administration
Matrix
Figure 36. Matrix, Source: By Author:

Reem Alghamdi. April 22. 2021
Design Program


Relationship Diagram
Figure 37. Relationship Diagram, Source: By Author: Reem Alghamdi. April 22. 2021
Finish Schedules
Table 4: Finish Schedule, Source: By Author: Reem Alghamdi. April 22,2021



Saudi Building Codes 4. The space is arranged so as not to obstruct

access to the required exits.
SECTION 407 GROUP I-2
407.2.2 Care providers’ stations. Spaces for care
407.1 General. Occupancies in Group I-2 shall providers’, supervisory staff, doctors’ and
nurses’ charting, communications and related
comply with the provisions of Sections 407.1
clerical areas shall be permitted to be open to
through 407.10 and other applicable provisions of
the corridor, where such spaces are constructed
this code.
as required for corridors.
407.2 Corridors continuity and separation.
407.2.3 Psychiatric treatment areas. Areas
Corridors in occupancies in Group I-2 shall be
wherein psychiatric care recipients who are not
continuous to the exits and shall be separated
capable of self-preservation are housed, or
from other areas in accordance with Section 407.3
group meeting or multipurpose therapeutic
except spaces conforming to Sections 407.2.1
spaces other than incidental uses in accordance
through 407.2.6.
with Section 509, under continuous supervision
407.2.1 Waiting and similar areas. Waiting areas by facility staff, shall be permitted to be open to
and similar spaces constructed as required for the corridor, where the following criteria are
corridors shall be permitted to be open to a met:
corridor, only where all of the following criteria
1. Each area does not exceed 140 m2
are met:
2. The area is located to permit supervision by
1. The spaces are not occupied as care
the facility staff.
recipient’s sleeping rooms, treatment rooms,
3. The area is arranged so as not to obstruct any
incidental uses in accordance with Section 509, or
hazardous uses. access to the required exits.
2. The open space is protected by an automatic 4. The area is equipped with an automatic fire
fire detection system installed in accordance detection system installed in accordance with
with Section 907. Section 907.2.
3. The corridors onto which the spaces open, in 5. Not more than one such space is permitted
the same smoke compartment, are protected by an in any one smoke compartment.
automatic fire detection system installed in
6. The walls and ceilings of the space are
accordance with Section 907, or the smoke
constructed as required for corridors.
compartment in which the spaces are located is
equipped throughout with quick-response
sprinklers in accordance with Section 903.3.2.
407.3 Corridor wall construction. Corridor walls 407.4.2 Distance of travel. The distance of travel
shall be constructed as smoke partitions in between any point in a Group I-2 occupancy
accordance with Section 710. sleeping room, not located in a care suite, and an
exit access door in that room shall be not greater
407.3.1 Corridor doors. Corridor doors, other than than 15 m.
those in a wall required to be rated by Section
509.4 or for the enclosure of a vertical opening or 407.4.3 Projections in nursing home corridors. In
an exit, shall not have a required fire protection Group I- 2, Condition 1, occupancies, where the
rating and shall not be required to be equipped corridor width is a minimum of 2400 mm,
with self- closing or automatic-closing devices, projections shall be permitted for furniture where
but shall provide an effective barrier to limit the all of the following criteria are met:
transfer of smoke and shall be equipped with 1. The furniture is attached to the floor or to the
positive latching.Roller latches are not permitted.
Other doors shall conform to Section 716.5. wall.
407.4 Means of egress. Group I-2 2. The furniture does not reduce the clear width of
occupanciesshall be provided with means of the corridor to less than 1800 mm except where
egress complying with Chapter 10 and Sections other encroachments are permitted in accordance
407.4.1 through 407.4.4. The fire safety and with Section 1005.7.
evacuation plans provided in accordance with 3. The furniture is positioned on only one side of
Section 1001.4 shall identify the building
components necessary to support a defend-in- the corridor.
place emergency response in accordance with 4. Each arrangement of furniture is 4.5 m2
Sections 404 and 408 of the SBC801.
maximum in area.
407.4.1 Direct access to a corridor. Habitable
rooms in Group I-2 occupancies shall have an exit 5. Furniture arrangements are separated by 3 m
access door leading directly to a corridor. minimum.
Exceptions: 6. Placement of furniture is considered as part of
1. Rooms with exit doors opening directly to the the fire and safety plans in accordance with
outside at ground level. Section 1001.4.
2. Rooms arranged as care suites complying
with Section 407.4.4.
407.5 Smoke barriers. Smoke barriers shall be 2. Corridor smoke detection is not required where
provided to subdivide every story used by persons sleeping room doors are equipped with automatic
receiving care, treatment or sleeping and to divide door-closing devices with integral smoke
other stories with an occupant load of 50 or more detectors on the unit sides installed in accordance
persons, into no fewer than two smoke with their listing, provided that the integral
compartments. Such stories shall be divided into detectors perform the required alerting function.
smoke compartments with an area of not more
407.9 Secured yards. Grounds are permitted to be
than 2000 m2) in Group I-2, Condition 1, and not
fenced and gates therein are permitted to be
more than 3700 m2 in Group I-2, Condition 2, and
equipped with locks, provided that safe dispersal
the distance of travel from any point in a smoke
areas having 2.8 m2 for bed and stretcher care
compartment to a smoke barrier door shall be not
recipients and 0.56 m2 for ambulatory care
greater than 60 m. The smoke barrier shall be in
recipients and other occupants are located
accordance with Section 709.
between the building and the fence. Such
407.6 Automatic sprinkler system. Smoke provided safe dispersal areas shall be located not
compartments containing sleeping rooms shall be less than 15 m from the building they serve.
equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler
407.10 Electrical systems. In Group I-2
system in accordance with Sections 903.3.1.1 and
occupancies, the essential electrical system for
903.3.2.
electrical components, equipment and systems
407.7 Fire alarm system. A fire alarm system shall shall be designed and constructed in accordance
be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.6. with the provisions of Chapter 27 and NFPA 99.
407.8 Automatic fire detection. Corridors in SECTION 801 INTERIOR FINISHES

Group I-2, Condition 1, occupancies and spaces
801.2 Interior wall and ceiling finish. The
permitted to be open to the corridors by Section
provisions of Section 803 shall limit the allowable
407.2 shall be equipped with an automatic fire
fire performance and smoke development of
detection system.
interior wall and ceiling finish materials based on
Exceptions: occupancy classification.
1. Corridor smoke detection is not required where 801.3 Interior floor finish. The provisions of
sleeping rooms are provided with smoke detectors Section 804 shall limit the allowable fire
that comply with UL 268. Such detectors shall performance of interior floor finish materials
provide a visual display on the corridor side of based on occupancy classification.
each sleeping room and an audible and visual
801.4 Decorative materials and trim. Decorative
alarm at the care provider’s station attending each
materials and trim shall be restricted by
unit.
combustibility, fire performance or flame
propagation performance criteria.
shall
be flood-damage-resistant materials.
801.6 Application. Combustible materials shall
be permitted to be used as finish for walls,
ASTM C635 and ASTM C636.

801.6 Application. Combustible materials shall
be permitted to be used as finish for walls, 808.1.1.2 Fire-resistance-rated construction.
ceilings, floors and other interior surfaces of Acoustical ceiling systems that are part of fire-
buildings. resistance-rated construction shall be installed in
the same manner used in the assembly tested and
801.7 Windows. Show windows in the exterior shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 7.
walls of the first story above grade plane shall be
permitted to be of wood or of unprotected metal SECTION 1105 ACCESSIBLE ENTRANCES
framing.
1105.1 Public entrances. In addition to accessible
801.8 Foam plastics. Foam plastics shall not be entrances required by Sections 1105.1.1 through
used as interior finish except as provided in 1105.1.7, at least 60 percent of all public
section 803.4. Foam plastics shall not be used as entrances shall be accessible.
interior trim except as provided in Section 806.5
Exceptions:
or 2604.2. This section shall apply both to
exposed foam plastics and to foam plastics used 1. An accessible entrance is not required to areas
in conjunction with a textile or vinyl facing or not required to be accessible.
cover.
2. Loading and service entrances that are not the
SECTION 807 INSULATION only entrance to a tenant space.
SECTION 808 ACOUSTICAL CEILING 1107.5.4 Group I-2 rehabilitation facilities. In

SYSTEMS hospitals and rehabilitation facilities of Group I-2
occupancies that specialize in treating conditions
808.1 Acoustical ceiling systems. The quality,
that affect mobility, or units within either that
design, fabrication and erection of metal
specialize in treating conditions that affect
suspension systems for acoustical tile and lay-in
mobility, 100 percent of the dwelling units and
panel ceilings in buildings or structures shall
sleeping units shall be Accessible units.
conform to generally accepted engineering
practice, the provisions of this chapter and other SECTION 1203 VENTILATION
applicable requirements of this code.
1203.1 General. Buildings shall be provided with
808.1.1 Materials and installation. Acoustical natural ventilation in accordance with Section
materials complying with the interior finish 1203.4, or mechanical ventilation in accordance
requirements of Section 803 shall be installed in with SBC 501. Ambulatory care facilities and
accordance with the manufacturer’s Group I-2 occupancies shall be ventilated by
recommendations and applicable provisions for mechanical means in accordance with Section
applying interior finish. 407 of SBC 501.
808.1.1.1 Suspended acoustical ceilings.

Suspended acoustical ceiling systems shall be
installed in accordance with the provisions of
ASTM C635 and ASTM C636.
808.1.1.2 Fire-resistance-rated
construction. Acoustical ceiling systems that are
1.2. Has a ceiling height of not less than 2.1 m.

SECTION 1205 LIGHTING
1.3. Has a longer side at least 65 percent open and
1205.1 General. Every space intended for human unobstructed.
occupancy shall be provided with natural light by
means of exterior glazed openings in accordance 2. Skylights are not required to open directly onto
with Section 1205.2 or shall be provided with a public way, yard or court.
artificial light in accordance with Section 1205.3. 1205.3 Artificial light. Artificial light shall be
Exterior glazed openings shall open directly onto provided that is adequate to provide an average
a public way or onto a yard or court in illumination of 107 lux over the area of the room
accordancewith Section 1206. at a height of 760 mm above the floor level.
1205.2 Natural light. The minimum net glazed 1205.4 Stairway illumination. Stairways within
area shall be not less than 8 percent of the floor dwelling units and exterior stairways serving a
area of the room served. dwelling unit shall have an illumination level on
tread runs of not less than 11 lux. Stairways in
1205.2.1 Adjoining spaces. For the purpose of other occupancies shall be governed by Chapter
natural lighting, any room is permitted to be 10.
considered as a portion of an adjoining room
where one-half of the area of the common wall is 1205.4.1 Controls. The control for activation of
open and unobstructed and provides an opening the required stairway lighting shall be in
of not less than one-tenth of the floor area of the accordance with SBC 401.
interior room or 2.3 m2 , whichever is greater. 1205.5 Emergency egress lighting. The means of
Exception: Openings required for natural light egress shall be illuminated in accordance with
shall be permitted to open into a sunroom with Section 1008.1.
thermal isolation or a patio cover where the SECTION 1206 YARDS OR COURTS
common wall provides a glazed area of not less
than one-tenth of the floor area of the interior 1206.1 General. This section shall apply to yards
room or 1.86 m2, whichever is greater. and courts adjacent to exterior openings that
provide natural light or ventilation. Such yards
1205.2.2 Exterior openings. Exterior openings and courts shall be on the same lot as the building.
required by Section 1205.2 for natural light shall
open directly onto a public way, yard or court, as 1206.2 Yards. Yards shall be not less than 900
set forth in Section 1206. mm in width for buildings two stories or less
above grade plane. For buildings more than two
Exceptions: stories above grade plane, the minimum width of
1. Required exterior openings are permitted to the yard shall be increased at the rate of 300 mm
open into a roofed porch where the porch meets for each additional story. For buildings exceeding
all of the following criteria: 14 stories above grade plane.
1.1. Abuts a public way, yard or court. 1206.3 Courts. Courts shall be not less than
way
or yard. For buildings more than two stories
above
grade plane, the court shall be increased 300 mm
900mm in width. Courts having windows opening tested, for air-borne noise when tested in
onopposite sides shall be not less than 1800 mm accordance with ASTM E90. Penetrations or
inwidth. Courts shall be not less than 3000 mm in openings in construction assemblies for piping;
length unless bounded on one end by a public way electrical devices; recessed cabinets; bathtubs;
or yard. For buildings more than two stories soffits; or heating, ventilating or exhaust ducts
above grade plane, the court shall be increased shall be sealed, lined, insulated or otherwise
300 mm in width and 600 mm in length for each treated to maintain the required ratings. This
additional story. For buildings exceeding 14 requirement shall not apply to entrance doors;
stories above grade plane, the required however, such doors shall be tight fitting to the
dimensions shall be computed on the basis of 14 frame and sill.
stories above grade plane.
1206.3.1 Court access. Access shall be provided
to the bottom of courts for cleaning purposes.
1206.3.2 Air intake. Courts more than two stories
in height shall be provided with a horizontal air
intake at the bottom not less than 0.93 m2 in area
and leading to the exterior of the building unless
abutting a yard or public way.
1206.3.3 Court drainage. The bottom of every
court shall be properly graded and drained to a
public sewer or other approved disposal system
complying with SBC 701.
SECTION 1207 SOUND TRANSMISSION
1207.1 Scope. This section shall apply to
common interior walls, partitions and
floor/ceiling assemblies between adjacent
dwelling units and sleeping units or between
dwelling units and sleeping units and adjacent
public areas such ashalls, corridors, stairways or
service areas.
1207.2 Air-borne sound. Walls, partitions and
floor/ceiling assemblies separating dwelling units
and sleeping units from each other or from public
or service areas shall have a sound transmission
class of not less than 50, or not less than 45 if field
tested, for air-borne noise when tested in
accordance with ASTM E90. Penetrations or
openings in construction assemblies for piping;
Conclusion
Contribution
This thesis paper has provided crucial information to the interior design field. It critically
examines the considerations one should put in before establishing a mental health care center.
These important considerations are the color, floor design, the availability of space, appropriate
lighting, and materials. Putting these into consideration makes it easier for one to design an
appropriate interior design to meet the desired health needs of the population. The paper has
shown the crucial components in the field of interior design which should not be exempted from
the interior designs of the mental health care center. The paper has also shown that in case it is a
public project, it is important to survey to find out the people’s opinions. This also improves the
precision of the designs to meet the health needs of the population. The thesis project has also
helped to show the significance of carrying out precedent studies to improve the accuracy in the
design of the desired project.
Observation
The thesis paper has improved my knowledge in the field of interior design. I have been
able to learn the various factors appropriate in setting up an inpatient health and wellness center.
I have gained a deep understanding of how these factors affect mental health if no appropriate
design interventions are considered. I have learned more about the importance of the use of
precedent studies in interior designs. The relevance of their use has been observed in making
designs that meet the health demands of the people. I have learned more interior designs that I
can apply in Capstone II. I am more knowledgeable about healthcare designs through this thesis
paper.
This inpatient health and wellness center has a bright future. The completion of this
project will lead to an ultimate decrease in the cases of adults affected by mental health among
the Saudi Arabian population. People will be able to receive treatment for their mental health
conditions in the center. The completion of the project will place the inpatient health and
wellness center among the best ones in the world. The future of this project is in conjunction
with Vision 2030 aiming at the promotion of mental health among Saudi Arabians. It will
encourage the ministry of health to open more branches of similar centers in different parts of the
world. The project will encourage the people of Saudi Arabia to develop positive mental health.
Appendix A
Survey results:
Figure 29: Piechart Showing Level of Awareness of Mental and Emotional Issues.
Figure 30: Piechart Showing Virtual Reality in
the Center.
Figure 31: Barchart Showing the Indoor Activities that Should be Offered at the Center.
Figure 32: Barchart Showing the Outdoor Activities that Should be Offered at the Center.
Figure 33: Piechart Showing if Indoor Activities Should be Offered at the Center.
Figure 34: Piechart Showing if Therapy Should be Given Individually or in Groups.
Figure 35: Piechart Showing the Colour Schemes Preferred at the Center.
Figure 38.Conceptual Board, Source: By Author: Reem Alghamdi. April 22. 2021
References
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Thesis · April 2021

N.Merve Goknil Reem Alghamdi

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Inpatient Health and Wellness Center

Senior Capstone Research, IDSG 4401, Section 2

A thesis submitted to the

Faculty of the Interior Design Department

of Dar AlHekma University in partial fulfillment

of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Interior Design

In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

REEM HAMED M. ALGHAMDI

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

This undergraduate thesis entitled “ Inpatient Health and Wellness Center”

prepared and submitted by Reem H. Alghamdi

has been approved for

Capstone I: Interior Design Thesis Course

Ms. N.Merve Goknil

Programming / Floor Plan Analysis ...................................................................................... 38

Space Planning ...................................................................................................................... 38

Programming / Circulation ................................................................................................... 40

Programming / Zoning .......................................................................................................... 40

Programming / Zoning .......................................................................................................... 41

Programming / Criteria Matrix ............................................................................................. 41

Programming/ Criteria Matrix .............................................................................................. 42

Programming Schedule ......................................................................................................... 43

Design Approach .................................................................................................................. 44

Interior Analysis .................................................................................................................... 44

Exterior Analysis .................................................................................................................. 44

Functions and Activities ....................................................................................................... 44

Precedent Study #2 International, Hara Hospital – South building .......................................... 45

Programming / Floor Plan Analysis ...................................................................................... 47

Space Planning ...................................................................................................................... 47

Function List: ........................................................................................................................ 47

Programming / Circulation ................................................................................................... 48

Programming / Zoning .......................................................................................................... 50

Design Approach .................................................................................................................. 50

Interior Analysis .................................................................................................................... 51

Exterior Analysis .................................................................................................................. 52

Precedent Study #3 Regional, Al Wakrah Psychiatric Healthcare ........................................... 53

Programming / Floor Plan Analysis ...................................................................................... 54

Space Planning: ..................................................................................................................... 55

Functions List: ...................................................................................................................... 56

Programming / Floor Plan Analysis ...................................................................................... 56

Programming / Functional Diagram ..................................................................................... 57

Programming / Zoning .......................................................................................................... 57

Programming / Circulation ................................................................................................... 58

Functions and activities......................................................................................................... 59

Design Approach .................................................................................................................. 60

Interior Analysis .................................................................................................................... 60

Exterior Analysis .................................................................................................................. 61

Market Issues ........................................................................................................................ 63

List of functions: ................................................................................................................... 64

Programming / Zoning .......................................................................................................... 64

Design Approach .................................................................................................................. 65

Interior Analysis .................................................................................................................... 65

Interior Analysis .................................................................................................................... 66

Chapter 5: Details for Interiors ..................................................................................................... 68