English - Nepali Glossary

NEPALI-ENGLISH
&
ENGLISH-NEPALI
GLOSSARY
Shambhu Oja
Banu Oja
Mark Turin
Elisabeth Uphoff
second edition
South Asia Program

Cornell University
June 2004
ii
Introduction to the Second Edition

The Nepali language is spoken by around 20 million people in the Kingdom of Nepal, where it is
the national and official language. About 11 million of these speakers use Nepali as a mother
tongue. Outside of Nepal, Nepali is also spoken in north-east India and in much of Bhutan. On
account of its widespread use in the states of West Bengal (particularly in the district of
Darjeeling) and Sikkim, the Indian Constitution recognizes Nepali as a major language of India.
While Dzongkha is the national language of Bhutan, Nepali is widely spoken by many of its
citizens and used as a lingua franca across the country. In short, Nepali is a major regional
language used in numerous South Asian countries.
Nepali is an Indo-Aryan language, and thus part of a linguistic grouping which includes
other South Asian languages such as Hindi, Bengali, Marathi and Gujarati. Modern Indo-Aryan
languages are related to Sanskrit, much as modern European languages are related to Latin.
Nepali is written in the Devangar (or Nagari) script, which is also used for Hindi, Marathi and
Sanskrit. Nepali Devangar has 12 vowels and 36 consonants. The script is essentially phonetic,
meaning that the pronunciation closely resembles the written form. The script is written from left
to right, with a top line indicating the word boundaries.
This volume is made up of two discrete glossaries, first Nepali-English and thereafter
English-Nepali. While similar, the lexical corpora which make up the two glossaries are actually
quite distinct. The Nepali-English Glossary closely follows the content of Shambhu and Banu
Ojas Nepali Beginners Primer, and the lesson number in which a word is first used is given in
the penultimate column. This 51-page glossary is organised according to the Nepali alphabetic
order. The English-Nepali Glossary does not map directly onto the content of the lessons in the
primer, but rather provides an extensive corpus of terms which Cornells Nepali language
instructors have been asked to translate over the years. The content of this glossary reflects the
interests of generations of Cornell students who have studied anthropology, ecology, economics,
politics and sociology in Nepal and through Nepali.
Shambhu Oja, Department of Asian Studies
Mark Turin, Digital Himalaya Project
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
June 2004
Acknowledgements to the Second Edition

The production of the second edition of this Nepali-English and English-Nepali Glossary has
relied on the generous support of many individuals. First and foremost, without the financial and
administrative support of the Department of Asian Studies at Cornell University, and specifically
Professor Edward M. Gunn, Ann VanDeMark and Kim Steber, this revised and reworked
glossary would never have seen the light of day. We are grateful for your trust and help. Second,
the Nepali Unicode font team at Madan Puraskr Pustaklaya in Kathmandu have been a pleasure
to work with. In particular, we would like to thank Amar Gurung and Pawan Chitrakar. Finally,
we would like to express our appreciation to members of the Cornell community, in particular to
Anne Stengle and Durga Bor at the South Asia Program for their help with the printing, Professor
Kathryn March for her unflagging support and Sara Shneiderman for her careful editorial eye.
Thanks to Ajay Rai of Wandering Spirits for the front cover photo. Needless to say, any
remaining errors or typographical lapses are our responsibility.
iii
Introduction to the First Edition

The Nepali language program at Cornell faces several challenges that are likely to characterize
similar programs elsewhere. The number of students taking Nepali changes every year, each
student has a different level of ability and there is a scarcity of published Nepali texts and
dictionaries. Most importantly, most Nepali language students have specific but widely diverse
fields of interest. Some students come from the Peace Corps, some come after study or travel
abroad, and increasingly some come from Nepalese-American families. This means that they
have very different language backgrounds and very different reasons for wanting to learn Nepali.
Some want to work in development on irrigation or healthcare; others want to do PhD research on
questions of religious change or womens issues; others simply want to be able to talk to older
members of their families.
It has been our goal at Cornell to teach not only basic skills in spoken and written Nepali
but to try to make our students linguistically competent in their chosen fields of specialization as
well. Because of the difficulties in locating texts and reference books to suit all their varying
needs, we have tried to create new kinds of instructional materials for Nepali which could:
(a) teach increasingly complex grammatical structures
(b) tailor additional vocabulary and dialogues to individual students professional
directions
(c) wherever possible utilize material from Nepalese school books, folk stories,
literature, songs, proverbs, Radio Nepal/Nepal TV, taped conversations, or other
sources not created solely for the classroom
We began the Nepali Computer Project in 1988 with support between 1988 and 1992
from the Northeast Consortium for Language Teaching and Learning, Cornell South Asia
Program, and the Department of Modern Languages and Linguistics. Our objective has been to
develop an integrated system to provide Nepali language instructors with flexible teaching
materials that can be readily adapted to suit their students varying numbers, abilities, and wide
range of interests. For this reason we chose a computer-based system because it offered the
flexibility of organization and presentation that we needed.
At present, the project consists of a Beginners Primer, a Beginning Reader, an
Intermediate Reader, and this Glossary which has been compiled from the vocabulary contained
in the other materials using a computer database. All of the words in this glossary are coded by
subject and by the chapter or story in which they are first introduced, so that it would be possible
to print out specific vocabulary lists according to topic of interest and/or level of study.
It has been a long and informative voyage from our first days, trying to produce new
materials for each level of students. These volumes represent the effort not only of the language
instructors and their main assistants, but also the cumulative questions, problems, and needs of
students in Nepali language classes at Cornell for almost ten years. We hope that these volumes,
and those that will follow, will continue to serve them in all of their diverse needs.
Professor Kathryn March
Department of Anthropology
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York
1992
iv
Acknowledgements to the First Edition

The Nepali Computer Project at Cornell owes thanks to many people. First, of course, is the
Cornell South Asia Program which is making this publication possible and which has backed the
Nepali language offerings at Cornell since 1984. We would like to thank the Northeast
Consortium for Language Teaching and Learning for their financial support of this project. The
Department of Modern Languages and Linguistics at Cornell, too, provided invaluable support
both in the basic support of the Nepali language program and in the person of Ann VanDeMark,
without whose administrative savvy any of this work would have been unthinkable. Professor
James Gairs Sinhala glossary provided an important early model and inspiration for our efforts.
And Professor Kathryn March was ever behind the project with constant advocacy and support.
But above all, we are indebted to all the students through the years of Nepali teaching at Cornell
who have read, revised, and added to this work. And of those students we are especially grateful
for the special assistance of Christopher Scott and Bhushan Tuladar.
We are glad to be able to offer this printed version of our Nepali language materials.
However, please bear in mind that this is a first edition and may contain spelling or other errors.
We would deeply appreciate feedback both on technical and methodological presentation so that
we can make the second edition better.
Banu Oja, Shambhu Oja, Elisabeth Uphoff
Ithaca, New York
1992
Technical Notes
Work on the first edition of this glossary started in 1988 using an early Apple Macintosh
computer, a database package called FileMaker+ and the Knchi NR Devanagari font. The
glossary was subsequently published in 1992.
The second edition was prepared in May 2004 by Shambhu Oja and Mark Turin, using the Nepali
Unicode environment devised by the Madan Puraskr Pustaklaya library in Kathmandu, Nepal.
The original glossary was retyped as a tabulated Microsoft Word document, checked and then
sorted according to the Nepali and English alphabetical orders. We have used a Unicode Nepali
font called Kalimati, which is freely downloadable from the Madan Puraskr Pustaklaya website
along with the keyboard layout <www.mpp.org.np>. The updated version of this bilingual
glossary is currently being formatted as a searchable database for online delivery.
List of Abbreviations
an
anthropology (words dealing with kinship or religion)
ag
agriculture
general (basic glossary)
household (food, utensils, parts of houses)
politics
Nepali - English Glossary
Nepali
part
English
hug
adj
English
L-8
cupped hands
adj
dark
L-24
darkness
adv
suddenly
letter (alphabet)
arena, station, base
newspaper
L-28
g, p
<
leader, guide
sitting place around a hearth
adj
tall
L-8
, @
adv
before, ago
L-12
number (numeral)
L-23
adv
surprise
L-7
spicy pickle, chutney
L-3
g, h
adv
these days, nowadays
L-5
adj
more, yet
L-24
adv
yet, still
L-19
zone
L-17
F@
Zone Commissioner
IJ
to be stuck
conj
therefore
adj
very
L-31
@KL
adj
additional, besides
<, N
conj
or
L-5
court, court house
adj
exceeding, excess, more
p, g
lesson
subject
g
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
authority, right, power
@+
an authority, official
@P
kingdom
adj
incomplete, half-finished
p, g
-7
president, chairman (of a committee)
ordinance
grain (wheat, corn, rice, etc)
ag
drought
adj
then
famine
ag, p
adj
favorable, opportune, convenient
p, g
grant, subsidy
g, p
experience
p, g
to experience, realize
p, g
approval, permission
g, p
guess, estimate
g, p
adj
estimated
g, p
adj
analogous, similar, resembling
g, p
request
g, p
directive, punishment, discipline, order
L-13
g, p
research
L-14
adv
according (to)
L-31
schedule, a list
g, p
adj
strange, odd, peculiar
L-7
adj
ignorant
difference, gap, interval
p, g
X[
adj
international
p, g
JS
ag
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
X[
international unity
p, g
X[
international law
p, g
adj
last, final
L-23
guess
adv
approximately
L-3
X@<
superstition
an
to follow, observe
p, an
_`
adj
uncomfortable, difficult
L-24
office
L-26
adv
now, now then
L-9
adv
certainly
L-5
condition, situation
adj
late
L-16
adj
sour
L-2
adj
precious
adj
other
L-5
adj
next, another
L-5
Nd
economics
L-8
adj
apart, separate
g, p
@@
adj
@@
adj
a little (when the amount can't be

measured)
a little (measurable)
L-5
bf
adj
lazy
L-7
to inform, notify
adj
unable
result, effect
adj
good, pure
L-26
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
adj
uncommon, unusual
third month in the Nepali calendar
L-17
@ N
to hail (weather)
L-13
g, ag
adj
unlimited
sixth month of the Nepali calendar
L-17
the day before yesterday
adv
some time in the far past
L-9
hospital
L-15
adv
no
L-5
now
L-5
eye
L-14
courtyard
L-37
to have amoebic dysentery
L-13
Sunday
L-9
to arrive
L-26
to come
L-1
telegram
L-1
adj
next year
L-30
, J`l
back (of a person)
conduct, behavior
g, p
today
L-4
adv
nowadays
L-4
adj
nowadays
L-4
to be nervous, be worried
model, ideal
p, g
phr
exchange, giving and taking of things or

ideas, correspondent
et cetera
()
g
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
order, instruction
base, support
L-33
adj
modern
p, g
adj
happy, joyful
L-37
self (himself, herself, ones self)
L-24
adj
ones own
L-2
adj
necessary, essential
necessity
, <
sound, noise
income (general)
mother
L-1
g, an
income
income source
fixed income (from a tenant farming

land)
beginning
g, p
to rest
L-2
adv
with ease, leisurely, comfortably
@N
adj
financial, economic
potato
L-13
g, h
hope
L-37
adj
amazed
debtor
p, g
wish, desire, aim, interest
prestige, honor, self-respect, status
F@
engineer
p, ag
history
g, p
up
adv
et cetera
water well
ag
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
God of Rain, King of Heaven (Hindu)
justice, judgment
Xw
adj
just
p, g
adj
honest
intention
area, region
p, g
name of a district in eastern Nepal
p, g
estimate
pron
he (singular familiar)
L-4
adj
the above (written, said)
to split, tear, unravel
adj
height
L-8
to raise, lift, take up
adj
appropriate
)
(+
compliant(s)
adj
light
L-24
to stand up, get up
L-1
north; reply
L-16
example
goals, aims
industry, enterprise, effort
{X
industry, enterprise, craft
g, p
pron
L-8
pron
s/he, less formal than wahaa, more

formal than u
they (familiar)
L-4
progress, advancement
g, p
adj
improved (i.e. improved wheat)
favor, help, benevolence, welfare
novel
an
g
L-12
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
use, utilization, usage
adj
worth, fitting, suitable, useful
usefulness, utility
adj
above-said, mentioned
adj
available, obtainable, attained
< ,
to fast
adj
ready at hand, present
means, method, plan
means, way out, scheme
adv
in the future, subsequently, hereafter,

henceforth
to jump
|, |
produce, crop, yield
g, ag
to come up, be produced, yield
g, ag
to be left over, be surplus
to boil
L-14
to germinate, sprout, grow, spring up
L-14
translation
adj
alike
L-13
adj
same
L-13
unity, unanimity, oneness
adj
absolutely, a lot, very, quite
L-8
unit (i.e. administrative unit)
unification
adj
same
L-13
adj
alone
L-7
aerogram
L-7
an
g
g
g
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
law, act
dry
interj
oh
L-9
tools, equipment
p, ag
adj
very much
malaria
p, an
medicine
class, grade in school
g, p
turtle
adv
where? (usually used for directions)
L-16
adv
how much?
L-1
story
L-12
miser, stingy
L-37
hair
L-14
coffee
L-5
g, h
control, possession; hinge
adj
weak
L-13
adj
at least
L-24
earnings
to earn
shirt
L-1
tax, excise, duty
to tax, insist, force
sorrow, grief
debt
N|
duties
machine
p, ag
pen
L-1
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
adv
how? (by what means)
L-4
pron
whose?
L-1
adv
how? (color, quality, shape)
L-2
adv
when?
L-4
adv
sometimes
L-5
fork
L-18
uncle (fathers brother)
g, an
aunt (fathers brothers wife)
g, an
paper
L-3
paper
L-3
lime (fruit)
L-2
g, h
work, duty; button hole
ag
village corral where stray cattle are kept

as penalty
to cut, chop
L-34
seventh month in the Nepal calendar
L-17
ear
adv
two days after tomorrow
L-9
fast for Kali
copy, notebook
L-1
work
L-5
to work
L-5
work, occupation, business
adj
established, settled
factory
activity, act, deed
NN
official, employee, staff member, worker
program, schedule
L-19
N+
action
JJ
an
10
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
N@
procedure
NX< N
to carry out, execute
office
L-26
g, p
adj
black
L-3
black market
L-19
g, p
conj
or
L-5
book
L-1
Jn
division, section, item (of land)
Jn
cadastral survey
adv
why?
L-7
conj
because
L-5
JX
to buy
L-6
nail, stake
ag
farmer, peasant
ag, p
J@
kind, sort, type
L-16
installment, pay
p, ag
chicken
L-37
g, ag
broom
L-24
g, h
to run
pron
which?
L-3
pron
which? (plural)
L-5
pron
which one?
L-3
adj
certain, some
L-31
phrase
I dont know (colloquial)
things, talk, chat
L-16
to talk, speak with
L-2
superstition (negative sense), bad custom
p, an
to wait
L-33
+@

N
11
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
original capital (wealth)
family god, lineage deity
irrigation ditch
ag
water-hole, shallow well
ag
adv
please (formal)
agriculture
L-8
a, ag
pron
what?
L-1
children (male and female)
L-31
center
adj
central
banana
L-2
g, h
adj
some (things)
L-27
scissors
remarks
adj
grey
L-3
pron
who?
L-4
adv
about
L-24
coat
L-23
quota
room
L-3
g, h
unit of distance (two miles)
try, effort, endeavor
L-23
adj
some (people)
L-27
order, series
adv
in order, step by step, serially,

respectively
area, constituency, region
7-
area tour, field trip
to appoint, depute
an
12
Nepali
part
English
part, section
loss, harm, damage
to be finished (slang)
L-12
to dig
ag, g
news
L-27
g, p
head clerk
ash
adj
bad
rabbit
purchase
expense
N N
to spend (money)
consumable supplies
castrated goat
L-34
g, ap
to slip, fall, be dropped
L-28
snack
L-4
g, h
register book
food
L-4
g, h
to eat
L-2
things to eat, edibles (food)
L-27
g, h
to dismiss, abolish, expel
adj
empty, vacant
L-32
adj
special, actual, real
adv
especially, actually
chili pepper (hot)
L-2
g, h
adj
open, frank
L-17
adj
pleased, happy
L-7
adj
very, extremely
L-13
+

N
lesson
subject
g
g
L-26
g
g
13
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
field (irrigated)
ag
cultivated property
ag
cultivation, farming
ag
farmer
ag
game
L-10
sports, athletics
playing fields
to play
L-18
adj
brown
L-3
cough
L-7
to look for
L-37
cage
L-37
to open
L-1
to snatch
L-24
crab
L-17
name of a river in Nepal, also name of a

zone
last year
speed, condition
date (Nepali calendar)
L-9
to count
L-1
to chat, gossip
L-11
adj
poor
L-35
to do
L-1
adj, n
hot, summer
L-7
carpet
h, g
adj
deep
L-8
wheat
ag
marijuana
L-17
<
14
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
festival honoring cows in Kathmandu
L-32
g, an
cattle, livestock
L-31
ag
village
L-8
to sing
L-12
adj
dark (color)
L-3
@ N
to scold, curse
L-36
adj
difficult
L-7
song
L-12
quality
multiplication
L-15
secret, confidential matter
to lose, miss
teacher
L-2
g, p
adj
sweet
L-2
an
religious or cultural association, land

owned by cultural association
arch, archway
-X
Home Ministry
rhinoceros
L-6
cow shed
ag
to weed
ag
planet
v (tr.)
L-15
to subtract, decrease, reduce, diminish

something
to be decreased, be reduced
L-23
watch
L-9
hour
L-7
bell
L-9
pride, arrogance, ego
house, home
_

C
g
L-1
g, a
15
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
throat
L-14
grass, fodder
L-3
g, ag
sun, sunlight
L-24
to drag, pull
to travel, walk, revolve
wheel
magician
an
to climb, ride
donation
an, g
spoon, yes-man, sycophant (slang)
L-12
g, h
bird
L-24
g, h
to graze
L-31
g, ag
custom, use, manner
g, an
to run, drive, stir, pick on someone
L-16
adj
clever, sharp or quick minded
L-9
cleverness
to dispatch, consign
adj
early
L-13
silver
L-37
adj
interesting
L-8
small change, ordinary, insignificant

(slang)
rice (husked, uncooked)
g, ag, h
manner, behavior, conduct
L-13
an, g
adj
running, functioning, outgoing
to be needed
L-12
cheese
g, h
letter
L-14
China
L-31
g, p
g
L-11
16
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
sugar
L-2
g, h
to recognize, know, be acquainted with
L-22
to slip, slide
L-23
adj
slippery
L-23
tea
L-3
g, h
to peep, peer
to saw, chop
L-37
adj
cold (used for things)
L-7
things
L-11
election
to be quiet
L-18
to sit quietly, remain quiet
L-26
cigarette
L-6
g, h
twelfth month in Nepal calendar
L-17
time
L-26
a resting place under tree
L-36
ag
to sow (seeds), spread (things), scatter,

broadcast grain
umbrella
L-6
pupil
student hostel
scrutiny, close examination
to choose, select
official stamp, seal
skin, leather, animal hides
g, ag
adj
fast
L-9
moment
L-9
vacation, day off, break
to separate
17
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
knife, dagger
L-37
vicinity, neighborhood, close at hand
adj
short (length)
L-8
to leave, quit, give up
adj
intermingled, made of many things
sparkle
mane, short stiff hair on an animals neck
land
ag
jungle, forest
L-34
g, ag
adv
about, approximately
L-26
city in southern Nepal, also the name of a

zone
democracy, peoples rule
people, the people
population
<
public health
suf
suffix used for counting people
L-3
<
animal
L-25
g, ag
animal
L-25
g, ag
birth
answer
L-2
gathering, meeting
L-29
g, p
land
ag
ag, p
adj
landowner, usually one who employs

tenant workers
total
L-6
C N
to collect, gather
L-37
W+
adj
important, urgent
aquatic animals
water resources
18
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
watershed
adj
full of water
youth, young man
adj
like, similar to
L-13
J@
adv
whenever, at any time
L-25
test, exam, inspection
p, g
to examine, test
L-30
to attack
adj
cold (used only for weather)
adj
good, well
magician
an
information, knowledge
to go
L-1
to know how, have a skill
L-10
adj
Japanese
L-10
conj
whereas
L-32
adj
apparent, manifest, noted, known,

obvious
curiosity, inquest
L-28
commodity, property
C,
responsibility, charge
p, g
district
L-26
g, p
livelihood
life
L-25
-@
biology
L-8
g, ag, p
adj
impure (food)
L-16
shoe(s)
L-1
g, h
adj
whichever, any
g
L-7
C+
19
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
district in the Western part of Nepal
L-16
second month in the Nepali calendar
L-17
phr
in any case, anyway
L-16
addition, sum; force, pressure; joint
L-13
to add, join
L-15
to plow
ag
name of a town in northwestern Nepal
knowledge, wisdom
jacket
L-23
adj
in excess, too much
day-laborer
p, ag
P@
astrologer
quarrel, lawsuit
adj
fast, instantly, at once
adv
almost
L-10
adv
one day before, the day before yesterday
L-9
to sparkle, glitter
bush
L-34
g, ag
to take out
L-37
brick tile
ag
cottage, hut
adj
false
bag
L-1
suspension bridge
ag, g
jail
, !
window
L-1
g, h
head
L-14
ticket, stamp
L-7
an
-
g, p
g
20
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
L-34
g, an
Tikaa, auspicious mark (frequently red)

worn on the forehead
to wear a Tikaa
L-34
g, an
piece
tourist
L-16
table
L-1
g, h
Western-style hat
L-3
Nepali hat, cap
L-3
ward (of a city or big town), street, for

example Thamel Tol
place
L-25
to assume
place
adj
right, okay, correct
L-7
adj
big
L-8
contract, lease
g, p
to make certain
adj
actual, solid
to call, summon, invite
adj
one and a half (measurement)
L-31
apartment
L-7
methods, manner, style
an, g
to cover, conceal, hide
backbone, spine
adj
late, slow
L-9
stone, rock
L-19
door, gate
L-1
g, h
adj
rush, jostle, keen competition
adv
immediately, all at once
u+
adj
contemporaneous, of that time, then
21
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
conj
and (formal, literary)
L-31
statistics, census
g, p
pron
you (formal)
L-1
conj
but
L-5
Terai, the southern part of Nepal
L-11
g, p
N+
vegetable(s)
L-3
side, towards
salary
L-36
g, p
floor, level (i.e. first, second, etc)
lake
adv
thus, therefore, on account of that
layer, stratum, arrangement
strength, energy
reminder, pressure
adj
hot (for things)
L-7
loom
to pull
L-37
heat
L-24
to bask, warm oneself
bamboo shoot
L-37
g, ag
finished, accomplishment, completion
to finish, complete, accomplish
date (Western calendar)
L-9
lake, timing in music, rhythm
L-10
g, ag
training
L-17
pron
she (singular familiar)
L-8
pron
you (familiar)
suf
about (time), towards (direction)
L-4
N
K
22
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
@N
adj
thirsty
L-7
L-30
g, an
adj,
pron
adv
festival of brothers and sisters

(in November)
those
L-3
immediately
L-21
WX
frost
L-13
g, ag
adj
smart, bright
L-25
conj
although, even though, even so
L-26
duty, assigned work
to depute, appoint, decide, allocate
cannon
mustard
h, ag
weight
u@X
prep
until then
L-30
adj
that much, so much
L-10
adv
therefore, for that reason
L-5
adv
that is why
L-5
u, u
adv
there
L-3
adj,
pron
adv
that
L-1
quarterly
fatigue, exhaustion
L-7
addition, increment
adv
quietly, calmly
to give more, add more
slap
to be trembling with fear
to be tired, be exhausted
to start, begin
g
L-26
L-37
23
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
knowledge
L-5
kind of Nepali bag
L-31
things, type, kind
L-29
south
L-16
number of a section (in a document)
g, p
adj
kind
petition, application
cupboard
L-28
h, g
entry (in office accounts or registers)
view, vision, appearance
an, p, g
N N
an, p, g
to view, inspect, pay homage,

ceremonially visit
bad condition, state, bad days
L-30
g, an, p
important Hindu festival, usually in

October
yoghurt
L-7
to compare
teeth
L-14
older brother
L-2
g, an
firewood
L-37
g, ag
gift (religious), contribution
an
price, money
daal and rice (Nepali meal)
L-3
g, h
beard
afternoon
L-4
adj
bored
L-7
p+
older sister
L-2
g, an
day
L-5
p-p
adj, n
daily
L-12
to give
L-1
24
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
diarrhea
L-7
pain, grief, suffering, trouble
L-7
adj
painful, sad
milk
L-3
society, public, people, the world, subject
adj,
pron
adj
both
L-10
weak, thin (for people and animals)
L-13
adj
exact, accurate, correct
adj
cruel, wicked, immoral
to show
L-18
prep
from
L-1
to see
L-18
Devi, a Hindu goddess
L-34
g, an
country
L-8
g, p
adv
daily
adj
undecided, in a dilemma (literally: on

two edges)
to repeat
L-26
prep
by, through (the agency of)
n+
interj
oh no, whoops
L-9
adj
rich
L-336
g, p
thank you
L-13
g, p, an
religion, duty, virtue, justice
L-31
g, p, an
to possess, adopt
water tap
-W
W
W
to weep (bitterly)
adj
very, many
L-7
adv
usually, mostly
L-14
copy, imitation
g, p
ag, an, p
-
25
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
adj
artificial, counterfeit, not genuine, fake
g, p
map
L-15
p, ag, g
adj, adv
close by, nearby
result, effect, consequence
L-27
adj
attached, file (of papers) threaded

together
river
L-8
g, ag
example, sample, model
p, g
adj
politely
adj
new
L-6
adj
unpleasant
L-5
adj
not good, bad
L-2
pipe, tube, tobacco pipe
ag, h
destruction
leader, chief, master, foreman
nose
L-14
to exceed, overcome, step over
p, g
to dance
L-12
L-39
term of affection (fem.), dear (for

youngsters)
measurement
p, ag
survey
p, ag
profit
p, ag
name
L-1
destruction, ruin, loss
@@

export commodities
exports
to be cured, be healed
L-12
to come out
L-30
@

@
26
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
pron
self (himself, oneself, etc)
policy
L-31
g, p
@u
adv
always
@X
adj
sleepy
L-7
adv
one day after, the day after tomorrow
@C @
adj
the following
@X
control, restriction, limitation
to control, restrict
@@
adj
rule, principle (as distinguished from

law)
prescribed, assigned, regular
adj
appointed, designated
N
@L
to appoint
adj
near, close
L-1
@+7
inspector, supervisor
@+7
inspection, supervision, observation
@N
decision
g, p
director
L-11
g, p
guidance, direction, supervision
@N
election
@N
construction
p, ag, g
@N N
to construct
p, ag, g
adj
blue
L-3
request, application
g, p
adj
sure knowledge, resolution,

determination
fixed, certain
@X
adj
without doubt
salt
L-2
g, h
to bathe
L-7
@X N
@L
27
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
leader
leadership
service
loss, damage, harm
p, g, ag
adj
warm
L-13
justice, law
X@
judge
to cook
L-3
g, h
to fall, be thrown down
prep
after, later, afterwards
L-4
F-JN
five year plan
to teach
L-5
g, p
to read, study
L-1
g, p
to investigate, find out
letter
@,
newspaper, magazine
g, p
<
rank, title, honor
adv
also
L-2
hand, glove (anything with five fingers)
L-1
abroad, a foreign country
care, concern
acquaintance, introduction
result, outcome
KN
change, alteration
assembly, council, member of council
atmosphere, conditions, circumstances,

situation
@u
<
28
Nepali
part
English
<
pigeon
@N
the day after tomorrow
L-4
domestic animal
ag
animal husbandry
ag
store, shop
L-7
adj
yellow
L-3
to be available
L-6
lesson
L-2
g, p
kid (baby goat), sheep
leaf
L-3
g, ag
water
L-3
g, ag
to irrigate
L-19
g, ag
support, maintenance, respect, nurture
to support, maintain, obey, follow,

respect, practice, nurture
turn
to tame, domesticate, grow, raise
mountain
L-8
g, ag
to drink
L-6
Jt
suf
each, every, individually
flour
L-7
J`
back (of a person)
sadness, sorrow, worry
L-7
adj
hot (spicy)
L-2
g, h
capital (money)
capitalism
capitalist
to wipe
dwarf
<

lesson
subject
g, ag
ag
g
ag
29
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
adv
again
adj
old
L-6
man, male
book
library
to submit
advance (money)
a city in western Nepal
L-10
last year
adv
quarter to, 3/4
L-9
adj
purple
L-3
kind(s), sort(s)
adj
published
nature
adj
famous
g, p
progress
p, g
publicity
people
reaction
@@@
representative
@@
competition
g, p
adj
defense, reply (of a lawsuit), counteragreement

copy, number (of paper), towards (people
only)
each
L-34
N N
to present, display
big fair, exhibition
to display, exhibit
act of giving (a gift or donation)
w
, w
30
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
adj
chief, prime, main
Prime Minister
influence, effect
g, p
adj
influential
g, p
adj
chief, main
to attempt, endeavor (formal)
to use
speech, lecture
to praise, appreciate
adj
adj
plenty, sufficient, abundant, more than

enough
administrative
administration
practical education or training
questionnaire
p, ag, an
extension (i.e. agricultural extension),

spreading
maternity hospital
proposal
p, g
to present, show, exhibit, declare
departure, going away
question
L-2
living beings
zoology
L-3
priority
adj
received, obtained, acquired
@@
adj
technical
p, ag
@@
technician
p, ag
adv
often
L-5
adv
frequently, generally
L-5
u N
31
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
adv
usually
L-5
-N
love-talk
to return
L-10
to send back, restore
adj
wide
L-8
fruit
L-6
g, h, ag
so and so, such and such (person or

things)
iron (metal)
L-37
section, division, a wide open space of

land (usually cultivated)
eleventh month of the Nepali calendar
L-17
to brush off, throw
adj
light (color)
L-3
JN
return, refund
adj
independent, free
p, g
adj
little, tiny (boy or girl)
to break, smash, cause dissention
free time, leisure
L-21
egg
h, g, ag
to lay an egg
L-37
ag
to bloom
adv
again
L-26
adj
dirty
L-8
time
pocket
v (tr.)
L-9
to ring (a bell), play musical instrument,

cause others to quarrel
bazaar, market
L-6
budget
, t

, N

N
g, ag
g, h
32
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
to strike, ring
L-9
to collect, gather
pack
L-6
to sweep
adj
excess, more than enough or needed
<
promotion
adj
more, excess
replacement
+ N
to replace
forest
L-33
g, ag
battery
L-8
g, p
to make
L-3
X N
to close
L-1
arrangements, management
prep
phrase
n
in accordance with
type of berry
account, description, explanation
p, g
adj
regular, equal
g, p
social class
@N
class organization
year
L-4
N, N
monsoon
L-29
g, ag
b-b
adv
by hook or by crook, at last, finally
bus
L-11
domestic animals, goods, objects
g, ag
to sit
L-1
to mislead, tempt, beguile
younger sister
ag
g
L-2
g, an
33
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
remaining, left over
L-9
adj
uncultivated, fallow, barren
dam
ag
to be tied
bamboo
ag, h
father
L-2
g, an
goat (in general)
she-goat
ag, h
prep
from
L-6
road, trail, path, way
L-11
to distribute
habit
g, an
prep
for, in place of, instead of
interj
wow
L-9
fence
g, h, ag
Childrens Organization
name of an area in Kathmandu
L-35
crops, harvest
ag
fact, actually
g, p
phrase
in fact
adj
factual, actual
g, p
prep
outside
L-8
seed
@@
adj
developed
development
@X
decentralization
@J
sale
@J
sales tax
ag
g, p
ag
34
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
@@
to be broken, not functioning
L-11
unit of land measurement, 5/8 acre
ag
adj
poor, unfortunate
thought, opinion
L-3
@ N
to think
L-3
science
L-5
adj
past (time, events)
education, learning
student
L-2
g, p
@
@{
Power Department
widow
@X
request, urge
detailed description, procedure
argument, dispute
department
allocation, division
tragedy
@W
adj
opposed, against
@W<
seedling
ag
@W
plant
L-24
g, ag
opposition, contest, protest
adj
antagonistic, hostile, opposed
to forget
L-11
@J{
university
L-23
@<
adj
faithful, sure, reliable
@<
confidence, faith, trust, belief
g, an
to convince
g, an
morning
L-4
@{
@{
@N
an
35
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
@J
Thursday
to explain
to understand
L-24
Wednesday
L-8
daughter-in-law, younger brother's wife
profession, occupation
growth
insult
to sell
L-37
adj
meaningless
g, p
inopportune time, untimely
an, g
adv
phrase
n
description in all its details

evening
L-4
adj
fine, good
adv
excessively, amply
meeting
frustration, depression
plant, tree
ag
circular
sack
to speak
|n
individual (person)
administration, arrangement,
management, authorization
use, manner, treatment, practice
|+
adj
practical, in common use, routine
|,
points, details, body of writing
interest (financial)
trade, occupation, business
g, p
@@
an
36
Nepali
part
English
|_
adj
full, widespread, extensive, pervasive
God
an, g
allowance (i.e. for travel)
fifth month in Nepali calendar
L-17
to tell, say
L-1
future
g, p, an
adj
fearful, dreadful, ferocious
adj
terrible
L-36
adj
later on, afterwards
to fill
adj
good, fine
adv
sincerely
g, p
building
Building Department
utensil (general)
L-31
younger brother
L-2
g, an
part, section
L-2
g, an
rent, hire
kitchen
L-15
g, h
sisters son
an
+,
load, burden
g, ag
bear
male (for animals)
ag
attitude, way of thinking or feeling
p, an
speech, lecture
g, p
language
L-4
language school
g, p
prep
inside
L-8
lesson
subject
g
37
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
pineapple
L-6
g, h
geography
L-5
g, p
fur
land reform
p, ag
@
N
Ex-Soldiers Organization
meeting, visit, interview
to meet
L-1
sheep
ag
to pierce, make a hole in; bewitch
adj
hungry
L-7
famine
p, ag, an
party
L-7
adv
tomorrow
L-4
@ d
physics
L-8
frog
tour, field trip
p, ag
pron
L-1
purpose
joy, happiness; Mars
Tuesday
eighth month of the Nepali calendar
L-17
kerosene
h, g
group or bunch of people, orbit,

congregation
aim, intention, meaning
to help
L-34
- N
middle-class
mind
L-5
an
38
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
to like
L-5
to feel like
L-5
intention, desire
, +
ban, prohibition
g, p
to celebrate
L-36
entertainment
Ministry
Minister
temple
L-17
g, an
repair(s)
to repair
L-36
manure
adj
miscellaneous
last day of the month
ink
draft (of a paper)
adj
expensive
L-10
u<
importance, value
adj
important
tax, rent, duty, excise, fee
realization, feeling
to realize
continent
L-8
g, p
month
L-10
Womens Organization
g, p
sir, gentleman
g, p, an
prep
in, on, at
L-1
mothers brothers wife
L-2
an
u<N
ag
39
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
minute book (of meetings)
demand
to ask, demand, beg
L-27
tenth month in the Nepali calendar
L-17
fish
L-35
g, h
fish pond
ag
middle
L-31
soil
L-20
g, ag
adj
only
L-6
intoxicating substance
respect, rank
anthropology
L-8
g, an, p
name of a lake in Tibet
L-22
person
L-3
person
L-3
L-36
to agree, obey, respect, follow or practice

(a religion)
to excuse, pardon
L-10
mothers brother
L-2
g, an
to love
L-36
avenue, road
to kill
L-36
prep
care of, through, via
goods, freight
L-26
Revenue Office
meat
L-6
adj
tasty
L-2
date (general)
L-9
friendship
L-31
40
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
adj
friendly
L-8
to bring together, join, adjust, reconcile,

fix
to mix
L-16
mechanic, wood worker, mason
ag, p, g
to work hard
L-25
adj
diligent
L-25
name of a religious site in western Nepal
L-22
mouth, face
L-14
p, ag
adj
headman of a village, patriarch, senior

clerk
wrinkled
handful, palm
adj
in accordance with
court-case, law-suit
profit
adj
stupid
statue
L-20
country, state
national laws, legal code
value, worth, price
evaluation
adj
difficult
L-23
a district in northern Nepal
L-16
elements, rudiments
deer
chair
L-1
g, h
agreement, accord
open field
socks
L-1
g, h
@d
@J
N
@J
g
g
g
g
g
41
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
adj
fat, healthy
L-13
pearl
price, cost
tenant or sharecropper
g, p
chance, opportunity, occasion
weather
L-17
due date, time limit
conj
if
L-18
adv
for this reason, so
L-5
adv
this is why
L-5
adv
here
L-3
yak
L-6
transportation
to memorize, remember
L-26
adj
here (also very polite for you)
L-22
pron
these
L-3
pron
this
L-1
pron
this one
L-3
qualification
written plan, project
conj
and
L-2
sum, amount, kind, sort, item
protection
rakshi, alcohol, hard liquor
L-10
g, h
to be drunk
L-16
color
L-3
J-J
adj
multicolored
L-3
u N
name of a park in Kathmandu
L-36
42
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
adj
pleasant
L-5
chemistry
L-8
g, p
receipt
to be found, remain
L-22
desire
L-29
to put, keep
L-3
ambassador
capital
L-17
g, p
politics
@ d
political science
L-8
g, p
adj
political
night
L-4
red
L-3
adj
good, beautiful
L-2
opinion, idea
[@
president
J[
adj
national
L-18
g, p
KL
vacancy (place)
Kn
adj
vacant
tree
L-25
g, ag
cold (sickness)
L-7
to cry
L-36
form, appearance, shape
WJ
rupee (primary unit of currency in Nepal)
L-5
particle
used at the end of a phrase or sentence

when information is second hand or
reported
to supervise, look after
radio
L-18
43
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
disease
L-31
bread
L-34
g, h
ferris wheel
L-34
land measurement common in the hills
ag
interj
well, okay
L-9
aim, target, goal
millionaire
g, p
cost, price
to wear, put on (clothes); grow grain
L-19
g, h
to take with
L-27
prep
for
L-12
to apply, implement
to feel like, assume
L-7
gain, advantage, profit
adj
long
L-8
adj
written
gender
g, an
@ J
long rope swing tied to four bamboo

trees
to take
L-5
writer, author
to write
L-1
g, p
to bring with, carry away
L-27
people, world, planet, universe
public service
adj
greedy
L-37
interj
well, okay
L-9
to bring
L-26
<
suf
used for counting inanimate objects
L-3
g, p
44
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
to sweep
L-24
pron
s/he (formal)
L-1
doubt, suspicion
Saturn (planet)
Saturday
branch (of a Department or Ministry)
peace
Peace Corps
teacher
L-17
g, p
adj
educated
L-21
g, p
adv
at once, immediately, soon
Venus (planet)
Friday
adj
clear, pure, correct
adj
good, auspicious
L-22
labor, toil
voluntary labor
g, p
Mrs, wife
Mr, husband
emergency
L-33
sign, code, gesture, hint, symbol
numbers
L-1
prep
with
L-3
organization
director, conductor
p, g
directing council, executive committee
use, direction
to direct, conduct, execute
@@
45
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
adj
fine, well, good
L-4
adj
combined, united, joined
United Nations
world
L-8
culture
L-29
g, p, an
institution, organization
to be finished
L-37
to be able, can
L-9
to help, assist
music
L-18
secretary
to be decorated
adj
easy, simple
L-7
prep
instead of
L-37
road
L-6
Department of Roads
reality, truth
capital, place of control; approval,

sanction
headquarters
member
membership
adv
always
L-5
Saturday
L-9
X, X
satisfied, satisfaction
prep
face to face
adj
clean
L-8
quarter
L-9
early morning, dawn
L-37
n
[W
g, p
46
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
adj
all
L-7
time
L-12
adj
powerful, capable, able
support, corroboration, ratification
problem
sociology
L-8
g, p
to catch, grab, hold
L-36
@@
council, committee
community
adj
community
adv
including, together
to remind, counsel, convince
L-36
g, p
wealth, property
adj
CN
completed, accomplished, well-off (i.e. a

family)
contact, relationship
CN
adj
complete, all, whole
CX
adj
the concerned
CX
concerning, related to
CJ
adj
probable
prep
up to, up until
L-1
approval
meeting, conference
correction, amendment, revision
hundred
L-3
adv
without asking permission
adj
without stopping
W<
adj
transferred, contagious
government
L-22
g, p
47
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
to transfer, shift, move (to a new house)
supervision, survey, inspection
matches (to light a fire)
g, h
advice
L-36
adj
cheap
L-10
to help, assist
L-34
g, p
adj
bearable
cooperation, assistance
L-34
city
L-8
adj
narrow
L-8
evening
L-4
adj
cultural
an, p
bicycle
fourth month in the Nepali calendar
L-17
adj
literate
L-21
g, p
vegetable garden
ag
half, half past (time)
L-9
friend
L-2
resources, aids, means, equipment
adj
ordinary, simple
adj
little, small
L-8
power, strength, ability, vigor
prep
in front
adj
collective, group
communism
adv
perhaps
L-12
adj
all
g
g, p
48
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
N@
adj
public
breath
L-25
to breathe
L-25
shopkeeper (male)
L-5
shopkeeper (female)
L-6
sir
L-12
adj
very
L-33
carpenter
to teach
L-1
to learn
L-1
@7
education
L-10
g, p
irrigation
ag
sitaar (a musical string instrument)
dew
L-13
adj
straight, fair
@X
principles, doctrines, ideology
@@
to be finished
L-13
cinema, movie, film
L-10
skill
adj
skilled, skillful
@K
recommendation
@@
adj
limited
sewing, needlework
L-26
glass, lead (material)
injection
person without land, homeless
ag, p
Friday
L-9
adj
happy
49
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
=
, =+
adj
neat, clean
L-25
information, notice
notice board
L-12
to sleep
L-2
adj
correct
L-24
improvement, reform
g, p
to improve, reform, correct
L-33
g, p
gold
L-37
orange (fruit)
L-2
g, h
to listen, hear
L-4
convenience, comfort, facility
N
W
highest rank of civil officer, also a

respectable term of address
to start, begin
L-13
adv
immediately, without stopping
adj
informed
to inform
catalog, index
suggestion
adj
white
L-4
army, corps
g, p
share (i.e. financial), partnership
g, p
a donut-like bread
L-34
service
g, p
to think
L-37
adj
straight, fair, honest
to ask
L-2
Monday
L-9
adj
same
+
u
-W
50
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
level, standard
L-34
place, position
adj
local
situation, conditions, circumstances
adj
clear, plain, evident
apple
L-2
g, h
account book, book keeping
g, p
source
native country, homeland
g, p
native (for a country)
g, p
nature, disposition
L-25
<C
g, p
<N
largest Buddhist temple in the world,

located in Kathmandu
heaven
g, an
<
taste
<p
adj
tasty
L-34
<J
adj
natural, inherent
<N
self-interest
<
adj
selfish
<, <
health
L-24
thousand
L-3
adv
yes please (formal), excuse me
L-1
grandmother
L-2
g, an
grandfather
L-2
g, an
n+
interj
oh no, whoops
L-9
adj
green
L-3
suf
used to make nouns plural
L-3
adj
every
L-34
noise
L-18
<
<
<
51
Nepali
part
English
lesson
subject
<
airplane
L-4
, <
adv
okay (polite affirmative)
L-6
branch
to drive
bone
elephant
L-10
pron
we
L-4
condition
to set, place, put into
L-23
<
wind, air
L-24
to laugh
L-36
snow
L-13
yesterday
L-4
adj
nowadays
L-5
adv
by foot (walking)
L-16
JX+
Hindi language
L-10
JX
adj, n
Hindu
L-17
diamond
n, adj
mud, muddy
L-23
g, ag
math, account, sum
L-5
g, p
to be
L-5
postman
L-31
to look, watch
L-3
adj
short (height)
L-8
adv
maybe
L-5
g
L-21
g
g
52
53
English - Nepali Glossary
English
part
Nepali
abandon
#, &)
able (to be)
about
prep
above
prep
1, 1
above (said)
adj
absolutely
adv
accept
accomplish
accomplished (successful)
adj
according (to)
, , I
account (description)
account (financial)
account-book
, M
acknowledge
E, =, N,
Q
act
=,
act (law)
g, p
acting
adj
-
, =M
actions
=M, =, 1
activities
actual
adj
actually
adv
add
#, V
addition
additional
adj
1X7, I
adjust
administration
Y,
p, g
administrative
adj
, =
>
, 1:
, =
=,
=
=
DE, ), 1, G
subject
g
g
g
g
54
English
part
Nepali
admit
E, =
, =
admit in
= =
advance (of money)
Z
,
advantage
adversary
advertisement
I`
advice
advise
: Q
aerogram
after
prep
afternoon
again
adv
against (opposed)
prep
1>b, Ic
ago
adj
, 1
agree
agreement
agriculture
g, ag
aim
air
airplane
alcohol (liquor)
g, h
all
adj
allocate
+, =
almost
adv
alone
adj
also
adv
although
conj
always
adv
M
,
k , 1&
subject
g
55
English
part
Nepali
amaze
= ), D E
ambassador
amendment
amount
, D,
and
conj
animal (domestic)
ag, g
animal (wild)
E,
ag, g
animal husbandry
ag, g
another
adj
answer
anthropology
any
adj
anyway
adv
apart
adj
apartment
g, h
apparent
adj
appearance
>, ,
apple
g, h
application (put into use)
, r :
application (request)
appoint
=
, +, 17
appointed
adj
M, Z
appropriate
adj
approval
approximately
adv
arch, archway
area
, c
arena
, 7
q,
I`, I`

1
,
, &c
, 1
7
,
1
, h1
, 1
E, 1,
, = c,
subject
g
g
g, an
g
g
g
g
g
56
English
part
Nepali
argument
1,
army
, 1
g, p
arrange
1, Q =
arrangement/s
E, Y, E
arrive
artificial
adj
tM, M, 1
ash
ask
u, )
ask (for)
assembly
assistance
, ,
assistant
assume
E, =
astrologer
v1
an
at
prep
atmosphere
attach
attack
), =, =
attempt (formal)
&,
auspicious
adj
authority
1, 1, & h
authorization
available
adj
, V
r,
available (be available)
back (of a person)
bad
adj
bag
bamboo
,
)
X1, , j
w =, #, x
, G, I,
-=

, I{,
subject
g
g
g, ag
57
English
part
Nepali
bamboo shoot
g, ag
ban
M, , 1E
g, p
banana
g, h
barren
adj
base, basis
bask
bathe
bazaar
be
bear
bearable
adj
beard
beautiful
adj
, ,
, E
because
conj
I, II
bedroom
before
prep
, 1, I
beg
begin
beginning
,
D, >
behavior
, Y
belief
Ih
bell
jM
beside
prep
, 1, E
besides
adj
bicycle
big
adj
biology
-1`, q
g, p
black
adj
,
,
V, +

subject
ag
g
g
, )
}, M
&
=, :
>
g, h
g
g
58
English
part
Nepali
black market
bloom
blue
adj
boil
bone
book
I,
boredom
Qt
botany
1 1`
both
adj
branch (of a Ministry,

Department or bank)
branch (of a tree)
, 1
bread
g, h
break
break (shatter)
break (time off)
breath
breathe
bring
bring (away)
broadcast (media)
broken (to not function)
broom
brother (older)
g, an
brother (younger)
g, an
brown
adj
budget
building
Building Department
=

:
1 ,
=
11
, Y I
subject
p
g
g
g
p
g
g, p
59
English
part
Nepali
bus
bush
g, ag
business (trade)
Y, , Y
busy
adj
but
conj
buy
IE
by (through the agency of)
prep
cage
call
, +
can (be able)
capable
adj
=, ),
capital (city)
g, p
capital (economic)
capital sum (as opposed to

interest)
capitalism
capitalist
, 1
, =
car
1,
care
carpenter
carpet
case (legal)
, ,
catch
&
cattle
p, ag
celebrate
g, an
cement
1E
center
central
adj
certain
adj
E
, 1
EM
1, t
subject
g
g
g
60
English
part
Nepali
certainly
adv
, 1
certificate
chair
g, h
chairman
uc,
chance
change
X=
chat
cheap
adj
cheese
chemistry
chicken
chief
chief
adj
children
g, an
choice
choose
E, v
cigarette
g, h
cinema
circumstances
X1, , 1
city
clash
t, I
class (school)
class (set)
I7
class (social)
clean
adj
clear
adj
,
b
clerk
clever
adj
,
,
subject
g
h, ag, g
p
61
English
part
Nepali
cliff
climb
close
E =
close
adj
1,
cloud
coat
code (legal)
-
, I
coffee
g, h
cold (sickness)
>, >
cold (things)
adj
cold (weather)
adj
collect
color
combine
1, 1
come
come out
1+
comfortable
adj
I
,
commentary
, c, M-IV
p, g
committee
11
communal
adj
g, ag
communism
community
compare
comparison
competition
11, 1=,
complaint
complete
adj
, =
,
D=
completed
adj
,
:
=, D =
v,
=
, M
subject
p, an
g
62
English
part
Nepali
comply
E,

concerning
prep
DE, DE
condition
, X1, 1,
conduct
,
,
conduct
confidence
Ih,, &,
connection
DE
constituency
1= c, 1= j
construction
1=
consult
: 1, Q
contemporary
adj
1,
continent
contract
control
r, 1E
g, p
control
g, p
convenience
convenient
convince
cook
g, h
cooked (to be)
cooperation
1, X, 1
g, p
cooperative
M, ,
p, ag
copy
t,
copybook
corn
ag
correct
adj
correct
correction
, 1
, 1
,
, D
, Q
b
,
=
subject
g
g, p
g, p
g
g
g
g
g
g
63
English
part
Nepali
cost
= =,
cottage industry
cottage, shack
cough
council
X, 11
counsel
: Q, = Q
count
country
court (law)
courtyard
cow-shed
ag
crab
creditor
, X
crop
r, r,
ag
crops
ag
cruel
adj
, 1=, =
cry
>
cultivated property
-M
ag
cultivation
cultural
adj
culture
cupboard
cured (to be)
curiosity
custom
, X1X
g, an
cut
daily
adv
QQ
daily
adj
, X1X
1

, 1

subject
g
p
g, p
g, p
ag
g, p, an
g, p, an
h
g, an
64
English
part
Nepali
dam
g, ag
damage
1, +
dance
danger
g. h
dangerous
adj
dark
u
, E
dark (color)
adj
date (general or official

correspondence)
date (Nepali calendar)
11
date (Western calendar)
daughter-in-law
an
day
day after tomorrow
adv
day before yesterday
adv
day-laborer
v,
g, ag, p
dear
I, V
debt
=, X
g, p
debtor
, X
g, p
decentralization
IE
decide
decision
declare
decorate
decrease
deep
adj
deer
demand
),
demand
+, 1 =, 1= =
1=, 1
=
, I
=,
=
subject
g
g
g
g
65
English
part
Nepali
democracy
E, E
department
Department (of a Ministry)
departure
, 1
depute
description
, I
desire
, ,
destruction
details
developed
adj
I1
g, p, ag
development
g, p, ag
diamond
diarrhea
die
difference
E, , 1E
difficult
adj
p,
dig
diligent
adj
1
, X
direct
director
dirty
adj
discipline
disease
dismiss
dispatch (mail)
display
= =
dispute
1,
dissent
1 ,
, 1 ,
=, =
, 1
subject
g
g, p
g
g
g
g
g
66
English
part
Nepali
distribute
#, 1 =
district
g, p
divide
division
, I
doctrine
1E
domesticate
ag
donation
p, an
doubt
draft (of a paper or budget)
drink
drive
, +
dropped (to be)
drought
dry
adj
duty
=Y
duty (tax)
each
adj
ear
early
adj
earn
east
easy
adj
eat
economics
= q
g, p
education
g, p
effect
effort
, &
egg
, M
subject
p, g
ag
h, g
67
English
part
Nepali
elect
E , E
election
1=,
elephant
emerge
emergency
employee
=M, 1
employment
1, 1
empty
adj
M, X7
energy
, 7
engineer
English
adj
enlarge
enough
, =V, , Z
)
entertainment
, E
entitlement (to land)
ag, p
entry (in an official

account)
equal
g, p
adj
equipment
especially
adv
essential
adj
, >M
establish
estimate
estimated
adj
etcetera
conj
&M
evaluation
evening
every
adj
evident
adj
1,

1
, 1
=, I =
, E
, &c
subject
p
g
g
ag, g
g
g
g
g
68
English
part
Nepali
exact
adj
>
, Q
exam
, Xc
examine
example
exceed
, I
excellent
adj
excess
excessive
adj
1, &1
excuse
exhibit
= =
exhibition
expense
expensive
adj
experience
, M,

expert
I`
g, p
explain
, =, r =
explanation
, r
export
extensive
adj
, r
1
extremely
adv
&1, 1
eye
face to face
phr
fact
, &
factory
factual
adj
fair
fair
adj
h, E
faith
Ih, 1
, Xc =
=, c =
1 =, 1= =
=,
, E
subject
g, p
69
English
part
Nepali
faithful
adj
Ih, 1h, u
fall
=, =,
fallow
adj
ag
false
adj
famine
1, M
g, ag
famous
adj
farmer
1
, I
ag
fast
adj
1,
fast
an
fat
adj
fat
g, h
father
,
, I
,
g, an
fatigue
, h
favorable
adj
, I
, IM
fearful
adj
, )
fee
feel (to)
, = =, ,
),
=
feel like
feeling
, I
fence
fertilizer
ag
field (irrigated)
ag
field-trip
fill
final
adj
E, M
financial
adj
financier
, 17-r
find
-Y DE, 1=
subject
g
g, p
70
English
part
Nepali
fine
adj
, X
E , , c
finished
adj
N,
finished (to be)
firewood
g, h, ag
fish
g, ag, h
fish-pond
ag
floor (first, second, etc)
flour
g, h
flower
follow
food
for
prep
forbid
foreign country
foreigner
foreman
forest
forget
1=
fork
g, h
form
, ,
>, 1
formerly
adv
I, 1
found (to be)
free
adj
, E, 1
t
frequently
adv
XX,
Friday
friend
friendly
adv
friendship
7
, I, 1u
, E
,
1,
=, 1
=
, I
I
,
, G
, 1, 1
subject
g, ag
g
g, h
g
g
p, g
g, p
g
g, ag
g
g
71
English
part
Nepali
frog
from
prep
frost
fruit
g, ag, h
frustration
full
adj
function
funny
adj
furthermore
adv
future
game
gap
E, 1
gate
gather

D =, :
gathering (of people)
g, p
gender
1G
gentle
adj
gentleman
geography
germinate
gesture
get
gift
, , M
, M
g, an
give
give up
#, &)
glass
go
goal
X, E

, = D =, :
v, 1
>, ,
,

,

subject
g, ag
g
g
g
g
g, p
g, ag
g
72
English
part
Nepali
goat (castrated)
g, ag
goat (female)
g, ag
goat (uncastrated)
g, ag
god
g, an
god (family)
goddess
gold
good
adj
, , ,
good (health)
adj
goods
, , 1
government
g, p
grab
&,
grain
, E
ag
grandfather
grandmother
grant
, 7
grass
g, ag
graze
g, ag
great
adj
, , I
greedy
adj
green
adj
grey
adj
grow (intransitive)
grow (plants)
growth
guard
guess
, E
guest
, v
1, =,
Ib
subject
an
g, an
g, an
g, an
g
g, ag
g
g
73
English
part
Nepali
guidance
= 1
habit
hail
g, ag
hair
half
hand
happy
adj
, E,
harm
+, 1
hat (Nepali)
g, h
hat (Western)
g, h
he (familiar)
he (formal)
head
headman
headquarters
g, p
health
hear
heat
heaven
an, g
height
help
=,
here
adv
hereafter
adv
highway
)
(
Himalaya
Hindu
n, adj
hint
hire
IE
subject
74
English
part
Nepali
historical
11
history
hold
&
holiday
1,
home
g, h
homeland
g, p
honest
adj
honor
v, D
hope
hospital
hospital (maternity)
hostile
adj
I, c
hot (spicy)
adj
g, h
hot (things)
adj
hot (weather)
adj
hour
house
g, h
housework
, =
g, h
how (by what means)
adv
how (much/many)
adv
how (quality)
adv
human being
hundred
hunger
hurry
77,
pron
i.e.
abbr
idea
, I
, I&

subject
g
g
75
English
part
Nepali
if
conj
ignorance
`,
illiterate
adj
g, p
immediately
adv
implemented
adj
, =Eh X
importance
&h
important
adj
>M
improve
, =, =
=
improved
adj
improvement
, E, X
in
prep
include
including
adj
income
D,
g, p
income tax
incomplete
adj
, 1Ib
increase
independent
adj
indicate
individual
Y7
industry
, X
g, p
influence
influential
adj
information
informed
adj
inherent
adj
injection
ink
>E
, &
, I
, E, h1
t
1 =,
, =
1I, E=, I
subject
g
g
p, g
g
g
g
76
English
part
Nepali
inopportune (time)
adj
, I
inside
prep
inspect
X= =, 1Xc =, =
inspection
X=, 1Xc, c,
inspector
1Xc, c
instead
adj
institution
g, p
insult
intention
interest (financial)
interesting
adj
interim
EX
international
adj
g, p
interview
E=
introduction
invite
+, , 1D =
iron
irrigate
irrigation
irrigation ditch
ag
item
, , -
jacket
jail
Japanese
adj
job
, 1, r, E
join
joint
adj
journey
v
,
, , , 1
X, 1
,
, 1
=
, 7
,
, ,
subject
g
g
g
g
g, ag
ag
g
g
g
77
English
part
Nepali
judge
E1
judgment
E, E,
jump
just
adj
EZ, E
justice
E, E
kerosene
g, h
kind
I1, ,
kind
adj
kingdom
1v
g, p
kitchen
E, E
g, h
know (be acquainted)
know (to have skill)
knowledge
known
adj
labor
g, ag
lake
land
, )
g, ag
land reform
landless (person)
ag
landowner
1E
ag
language
last
adj
E, M
late
adj
I, ,
later
adv
1,
laugh
law
lawsuit
layer
subject
ag
g, p
78
English
part
Nepali
lazy
adj
lead
1, X
leader
,
, =-=
an, g, p
leadership
leaf
g, ag
learn
1+
leather
g, h
leave
leave (from work)
lecture
, r
g, p
left over
1, Z
legal code (national law)
leisure

=, =
lesson
, c,
letter
letter (alphabet)
level (standard)
library
license
life
lift
:,
light
light (color)
adj
It
like
like (similar to)
prep
lime
g, ag, h
limited
adj
link
DE,
&

, 1
I
, 1
1
, E
subject
an, p
g
g, p
79
English
part
Nepali
list
listen
literate
adj
g, p
literature
I&
little
adj
little (measurable)
adj
11
little (unmeasurable)
adj
11
living standard
1
,
g, p
load
local
adj
long
adj
look
loom
loss
, +
love
love-talk
-=
machine
, E
magazine
g, p
magician
, Z
g, an
maintenance
, I, 1, I
majority
1,
,

g, p
make
malaria
g, h
male (animal)
g, ag
male (human)
) E
an, g
management
E, Y
manner
, , ,
manure

, , E
subject
g
g
g
g
g
ag
80
English
part
Nepali
many
adj
, , 1
, 1t ,
map
g, p
Mars
math
matter
mature
adj
t, X+h
maximum
adj
maybe
adv
meaning
meaningless
adj
means
measurement
meat
g, h
mechanic
1q, M
g, ag
medicine
1,
g, h, an
meet
meeting
member
g, p, h
membership
memorize
mentality
, 1
, 7
method
, G
, X, M
middle
military
1
,
g, p
milk
millionaire
mind
, Q, 7
minister
, =
, , ,
=, D
subject
g
g
g
g, h, an
81
English
part
Nepali
ministry
miscellaneous
adj
miser
,
,
mix
model
modern
adj
moment
1, c
Monday
monkey
monsoon
=, =
g, ag
month
more
adj
, ,
morning
mostly
adv
mother
g, h
mountain
mouth
move
Mr
Mrs
mud, muddy
n, adj
multiplication
mustard
g, h
nail
g, h
name
narrow
adj
national
adj
g, p
natural
adj
11,
=,
1
, hI
subject
p
g
82
English
part
Nepali
nature
nature (character)
near
adj
1,
nearby
adj
neat
adj
need, to be needed
nephew (brothers son)
1,
an
nephew (sisters son)
an
new
adj
news
g, p
newspaper
, 1
g, p
night
no
adv
noise
north
nose
notice
notice board
novel
now
adv
nowadays
adv
1, I,
number
adv
obey
occupation
offering
office
officer
1M, =M
often
adv
)M
,
I,

,
E
,
, 7
,
, 1, M

,
subject
g
g
g
g
g
g, an
83
English
part
Nepali
okay (agreement)
interj
E
,
okay (polite)
interj
old
adj
on
prep
only
adj
open
open
adj
, :
opinion
1,
opponent
opportune
adj
opportunity
opposed
adj
I>b, Ic
opposition
1, I, 1c,
or
conj
orange
order (command)
ordinance
ordinary
adj
, I, M
organization
organizer
, Y
original
adj
D, 1
other
adj
>
outside
overcome
own (ones)
adj
pack
, M, D
,
paper
pardon
, h
I, h
, `,
u
, X, 1, 1
`
I
, =
subject
g
g
g
g, h, ag
g, p
p
g
g
84
English
part
Nepali
subject
parents
g, an
part
, j, I
partnership
, I
, 1
party
party (political)
, c
past
adj
1
,
pay
1=
pay
, v, X1
peace
Peace Corps
peasant
peculiar
adj
, D
pen
people
>, , ,
pepper (hot)
percent
perhaps
adj
permission
person
E , 1
persuade
, Ih ,
petition
, , 1E
physics
1 q
picture
+,
piece
pineapple
place
plain
adj
, , D, ,
plan
, 1,
I, 1h
, E
, I,
g
ag, p
g
g, h, ag
85
English
part
Nepali
planet
, c
plant
1>,
play
play (musical instrument)
playing field
pleasant
adj
please
plenty
plough
&
ag
pocket
M, :
policy
politely
adv
, =

=
political
adj
political science
1 q
politics
poor (unfortunate)
adj
poor (wealth)
adj
population
position
, ,
post office
postman
potato
g, h, ag
power
w=, 7, c, ,
g, an, p
powerful
adj
7M, ,
g, an, p
practical
adj
YX, ) I1,
x, , r
subject
&
practice
practise
E, x =
g, an
86
English
part
Nepali
precious
adj
preliminary
adj
D, 1
present
present
adj
president
prestige
v, , 1
an, p
price
,
, :
pride
j, =,
prime minister
principal
adj
principle
, 1E
1,
priority
probable
adj
DI, 1
problem
procedure
X, Y, =-11
profession
profit
, ,
program
progress
prohibit
prohibition
project
promise
promotion
proof
proper
adj
property
, D
proposal
=,
=,

-E
, , =
,
7
=, M =, 1
=
M, 1
, 1E
=
1` =,
, ,
subject
p
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
87
English
part
Nepali
proposed
adj
protect
protection
protest
1, I
public
adj
=1, =
public
E, ,
public health
hw
public service
publicity
published
adj
pull
punishment
, j
g, p
pupil
purchase
pure
adj
purpose
+, , , 1
put
put (on)
qualification
quality
quarter (measurement)
quarter to (measurement)
quarterly
adv
question
questionnaire
quiet (to be)
quit
quota
, EM
c
=, c
, c =
c, c
E, :

subject
g
g
g
g
g
88
English
part
Nepali
radio
rain
raincoat
=M
raise (bring up)
p, ag
raise (lift)
raksi (liquor)
g, h
rank
rate
, 1,
ratification
reach (some place)
reaction
read
real
, I
reality
&, I
realization
realize
=,
receipt
receive
recent
adj
recognize
recommendation
1X
reconcile
red
adj
reform
reform
region
regular
adj
, 11, r
g, an
relation
, DE
=,
, 1

)

=
1, 1
=,
, c
subject
g
p
g
g
g
g, p
g
g
89
English
part
Nepali
relationship
DE
reliable
adj
Ih, p
religion
g, an
remain
remaining
adj
remember
=, D
remind
remove
rent
repair
replace
M =
replacement
reply
, 7
representative
11
g, p
request
required
adj
research
resources
g, ag
respect
E, =, & =
g, an
respect
, 1, D, v
g, an
responsibility
D, DM
, I&h
responsible
adj
rest
restore
: =
& =,
result
X, 1,
return
I=
return (to)
=, I=
review
, 1
1E,
I, c
D
, 7
=
=
X
=
, 1=
subject
g
g
g
g
g
g
90
English
part
Nepali
revise
=
=, 7
revised
adj
revision
rhinoceros
rice (cooked)
ag, g, h
rice (husked)
ag, h
rice (unhusked)
ag, h
rich
adj
right
1,
ring
v,
ripen (to)
ag
river
road
, , =
rock
roof
room
routine
adj
1, 11
routine
=, >I, Q=, 1&=

1
, , 7
subject
g
g
g
rr
rudiment
&
, D,
rule
run
run (administer)
rupee
>I
sack
sadness
salary
sale
1I
, =
, ), )
=,
g
p
91
English
part
Nepali
salt
g, h
same
adj
, , M
sample
satisfaction
E, E
Saturday
Saturn
save
say
science
I`
scissors
scold
1 =, =
search
secret
, N
, V
N
secretary
section (of an office)
see
seed
ag
seedling
1>h
ag
selected
adj
I, r
selection
selfish
adj
selfishness
, 1=
= Ib
self-respect
&I
g, an
sell
send back
separate
adj
separate
, =
, I
service
M,
,
=,
)
, ,
subject
g
g
g
92
English
part
Nepali
settle
sewing
share (financial)
, I
shared
adj
she (familiar)
pron
1,
she (formal)
pron
shirt
g, h
shoe(s)
g, h
shop
shopkeeper (female)
shopkeeper (male)
short (height)
adj
short (length)
adj
show
show
signature
silver
simple
adj
sincerely (yours)
adv
sing
sir
sir (business letter)
sister (older)
QM
an
sister (younger)
an
sitar
situation
skill
skillful
adj
1, ,
, =
1, c, 1
,
1, 1=
subject
g
g
g
g
g
93
English
part
Nepali
skin
sleep
&
sleepy
adj
1E
slip
slippery
adj
small
adj
smallpox
g, h
smart
adj
snack
snatch
snow
so
conj
social
adj
an
society
an, p
sociology
-q
socks
g, h
soil
g, ag
soldier
g, p
solid
adj
some (people)
adj
some (things)
adj
sometimes
adv
sorrow
, :
sound
sour
adj
source
south
sow
II
subject
g
g
g
ag
94
English
part
Nepali
sparkle
sparkle
:, :
speak
speak with
special
adj
, I
specially
speech
speed
spend
spike
Z, 1
spoon
g, h
sports
staff (employee)
=M, ==
stake (wooden)
stamp
stamp (office), seal
start
state
, v
statistics
statue
1=
still
adv
stipend
stir
stomach
stone
store
story
straight
adj
= =
=
:, >
subject
95
English
part
Nepali
strange
adj
strength
, , w=
strong
adj
student
student hostel
study
stupid
adj
submit
subsidy
subtract
subtraction
successful
adj
, 1b, I
suddenly
adv
, t1
sugar
g, h
suggestion
suitable
adj
summon
sun
Sunday
sunshine, sunlight
superfluous
adj
, I E , :
superstition
supervise
supervision
support
=, , -
sure
adj
surplus
survey
, u =
, 1=
, , 7
+, =, =
>
, EI, >IM
1, , 1E
, Z
, , c
subject
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
an
g
g
g
g
96
English
part
Nepali
suspicion
sweep
sweet
adj
swim
swing
IG
symbol
, , E
table
take (out)
take (to)
take (with)
talk (with)
tall
adj
taste
tasty
adj
1, hQ
tax
tax
tea
g, h
teach
1,
teacher
c, >
technical
adj
I1
technician
I1`
tell
temple
an
tenant (land)
ag
terrible
adj
test
thank you
phrase
that
adj
&
=, =
), 1 , 1
subject
g
h
g
g
97
English
part
Nepali
then
adv
there
adv
&
therefore
adv
&, , =
these
adj
they
pron
>
thick
adj
thin
adj
thing
things
think
, I =
thirst
1=
this
adj
those
adj
thought
thousand
throat
through
prep
=,
Thursday
1I
thus
adv
=, &=
ticket
tika
h, an
time
, , ,
time (occurrence)
, :, M
tired (to be)
tobacco
today
adv
tomorrow
adv
tools
subject
98
English
part
Nepali
tooth
total
tour
tourist
=, X
towards (direction)
prep
towards (here)
prep
towards (there)
prep
& 1
trade
g, p
tragedy
training
transfer
translation
, :
transportation
travel
, =, =
D
tree
>,
g, ag
trouble
1,
truth
&
try
Tuesday
turn
turtle
type
, I1, ,
umbrella
unable
adj
unanimity
, =D1, , +
uncle (material)
uncle (paternal)
uncomfortable
adj
V{,
=, >h =
subject
g
g
99
English
part
Nepali
uncommon
adj
uncultivated
adj
ag
under (authority)
prep
E=
unification
unit
united
adj
United Nations
unity
universe
1h
university
1h1
unlimited
adj
11
unpleasant
adj
until (now)
prep
unusual
adj
up to
prep
urgent
adj
>M
usage
, Y
use
usefulness
1, X
usually
adv
,
,

utensil
utility
, 1
, 7
vacancy
vacant
adj
vacation
value
vegetable garden
-M, =M M
Venus (planet)
1,
subject
g
p
100
English
part
Nepali
very
adj
, ,
, 1t ,
village
visit
= =
voluntary labor
wait
walk
want
warehouse (for grain)
ag
warm
adj
wash
watch
watchman
water
water hole
water pipe
ag
water resources
ag
water supply
watershed
ag
way
we
pron
, >
weak
adj
, r
wealth
wear
weather
Wednesday
weight
well
ag, h
west
=, =
I#, I

subject
g
ag, an,
g
g
p
g
g
101
English
part
Nepali
what
adj, adv
what time
phrase
wheat
when
adv/pron
where (direction)
adv/pron
which (plural)
adj/pron
which (singular)
adj/pron
whichever
pron
white
adj
who
pron
why
pron
wide
adj
=, I,
wind
adj
window
with
prep
work
, =
work
worker
==,
world
worry
worship
an
worthy
adj
, )
writer
wrong
adj
yak
year
=,
yellow
adj
yes (polite)
adv
, Q
:, b
, M
subject
g
g
g
g
g
g
102
English
part
Nepali
subject
yesterday
n, adv
yet
adv
yogurt
you (familiar)
pron
you (polite)
pron
youth
zonal commissioner
zone
zoology
-1`

English - Nepali Glossary

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English - Nepali Glossary

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NEPALI-ENGLISH

South Asia Program

Introduction to the Second Edition

Acknowledgements to the Second Edition

Introduction to the First Edition

Acknowledgements to the First Edition

anthropology (words dealing with kinship or religion)

general (basic glossary)

household (food, utensils, parts of houses)

Nepali - English Glossary

arena, station, base

sitting place around a hearth

spicy pickle, chutney

these days, nowadays

court, court house

exceeding, excess, more

Nepali - English Glossary

authority, right, power

president, chairman (of a committee)

grain (wheat, corn, rice, etc)

favorable, opportune, convenient

analogous, similar, resembling

directive, punishment, discipline, order

strange, odd, peculiar

difference, gap, interval

Nepali - English Glossary

now, now then

a little (when the amount can't be

Nepali - English Glossary

third month in the Nepali calendar

sixth month of the Nepali calendar

the day before yesterday

some time in the far past

to have amoebic dysentery

back (of a person)

exchange, giving and taking of things or

Nepali - English Glossary

self (himself, herself, ones self)

fixed income (from a tenant farming

with ease, leisurely, comfortably

wish, desire, aim, interest

prestige, honor, self-respect, status

Nepali - English Glossary

God of Rain, King of Heaven (Hindu)

name of a district in eastern Nepal

the above (written, said)

to split, tear, unravel

to raise, lift, take up

to stand up, get up

industry, enterprise, effort

industry, enterprise, craft

s/he, less formal than wahaa, more

improved (i.e. improved wheat)

favor, help, benevolence, welfare

Nepali - English Glossary

use, utilization, usage

worth, fitting, suitable, useful

available, obtainable, attained

ready at hand, present

means, method, plan

means, way out, scheme

in the future, subsequently, hereafter,

produce, crop, yield

to come up, be produced, yield