TCVN 4200:2012

T XY DNG PHNG PHP XC NH

TNH NN LN TRONG
PHNG TH NGHIM

TIU CHUN: TCVN 4200:2012

T XY DNG - PHNG PHP

XC NH TNH NN LN TRONG
PHNG TH NGHIM
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TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 4200:2012
T XY DNG - PHNG PHP XC NH TNH NN LN TRONG PHNG TH NGHIM
Soils - Laboratory methods for determination of compressibility
Li ni u
TCVN 4200:2012 c chuyn i t TCVN 4200:1995 thnh Tiu chun Quc gia theo quy
nh ti khon 1 iu 69 ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut v im b khon 2 iu 6
Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 1/8/2007 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s
iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut.
TCVN 4200:2012 do Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng- B Xy dng bin son, B Xy dng
ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng
b.
T XY DNG - PHNG PHP XC NH TNH NN LN TRONG PHNG TH NGHIM
Soils - Laboratory methods for determination of compressibility
1 Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php xc nh tnh nn ln (trong iu kin khng n hng) ca
t loi ct v t loi st c kt cu nguyn trng hoc khng nguyn trng, m t nhin
hoc bo ho nc, trong phng th nghim dng trong xy dng.
2 Thut ng v nh ngha
Trong tiu chun ny c s dng cc thut ng, nh ngha sau:
2.1
Tnh nn ln ca t (Compressibility)
Kh nng gim th tch ca n (do gim rng, biu hin s gim chiu cao) di tc dng
ca ti trng ngoi.
3 Quy nh chung
3.1 Vic xc nh tnh nn ln ca t bao gm: xc nh h s nn ln, ch s nn, p lc tin c
kt, modun tng bin dng, h s c kt ca t c kt cu nguyn trng hoc ch b, m t
nhin hoc hon ton bo ho nc.
3.2 lm bo ho mu t, nn dng nc ct hoc nc ung c. th nghim cc mu
t c cha mui ho tan, nn dng nc di t ti ni ly mu hoc bng nc c thnh
phn ho hc tng t.
3.3 Mu t th nghim c hnh tr trn, vi t s gia ng knh v chiu cao khong 3/4. i
vi t loi st v t loi ct (khng ln si sn), ng knh mu cho php khng nh hn 50
mm. i vi t c ln si sn, ng knh mu khng nn nh hn 70 mm.
3.4 Ti trng tc dng ln mu theo tng cp v phi bo m thng ng. Sai s cho php ca
mi cp p dng trong thi gian th nghim khng vt qu 3 %.
c th xc nh nhng tr s ln ban u sau khi t lc, ng tc cht ti mi cp p lc
phi c thc hin nh nhng, trnh rung v khng chm qu 3 s.
3.5 Cp ti trng ban u th nghim mu c kt cu nguyn nn ly bng hoc nh hn p
lc bn thn tc dng ln mu t.
Nu lp t ly mu l ng nht v trn mc nc ngm th p lc bn thn (bt) tnh bng
kilopascan (kPa) theo cng thc (1):

Nu lp t ly mu nm di mc nc ngm, th p lc bn thn c tnh bng kilopascan

(kPa) theo cng thc (2):

trong :
H l su ly mu, tnh bng mt (m);
H1 l su mc nc ngm k t mt t, tnh bng mt (m);
w l khi lng th tch ca t nm trn mc nc ngm, tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi
(g/cm);
i vi t c kt cu khng nguyn trng (ch b) th gi tr cp ti trng ban u c xc nh
trn c s cht v trng thi ca mu.
CH THCH 1: i vi t nn cht bnh thng, cht (h s rng) lun lun tng ng vi
p lc bn thn;
CH THCH 2: i vi t nn cha n cht th cht nh hn, cn i vi t nn qu cht
th ln hn tr tng ng vi p lc bn thn.
Phng php hp l nht xc nh tr ti trng nn u tin l cn c vo bn kin trc thc
t ca t th nghim: gi tr p lc nh nht gy ra bin dng nn ln tc thi 0,01 mm.
3.6 p lc ln nht dng th nghim nn ln mu c kt cu nguyn trng phi ln hn t nht
15 % so vi tng p lc do cng trnh v p lc bn thn su ly mu (hay tr bn kin
trc thc t ca t), cn i vi t khng nguyn trng th phi ln hn p lc ca cng trnh
khong t 100 kPa n 200 kPa.
3.7 Tr s cc cp p lc nn th nghim c xc nh theo tnh cht ca t v yu cu thc t
ca cng trnh trong tng trng hp c th. Thng thng, cp sau ln gp hai ln cp trc.
i vi t loi st trng thi do chy v chy, s dng cc cp 10; 25; 50; 100 v 200 kPa;
i vi st, st pha trng thi do mm v do cng dng cc cp 25; 50; 100; 200 v 400
kPa;
i vi t cng v na cng, dng cc cp 50; 100; 200; 400 v 800 kPa.
S lng cp p lc khng nh hn 5 cho mt mu nn.
3.8 Mi cp p lc tc dng ln mu c gi cho n khi t n nh bin dng nn. Trong
nhng th nghim thng thng th bin dng nn c xem l n nh, nu khng vt qu
0,01 mm trong thi gian khng t hn 30 min i vi t ct; 3 h i vi t ct pha; 12 h i vi
t st pha v t st c ch s do lp < 30.
CH THCH 1: i vi st pha, nu thi gian tc dng p lc ln mu khng t hn 24 h, th c
th xem l n nh v bin dng. i vi st c ch do lp > 30 v st mm yu th bin dng ch
c coi l n nh, nu khng vt qu 0,01 mm trong 24 h.
CH THCH 2: c php dng phng php nn nhanh trong cc trng hp sau:
a) i vi nhng cng trnh khng quan trng, khng i hi phi xc nh chnh xc ln v
c s ng ca c quan thit k;
b) t c ch s do Ip < 30 v st Is < 0,50.
Khi nn nhanh, gi cc cp ti trng u v trung gian trong 2 h; ring cp cui c gi n n
nh, nh 4.8; sau tin hnh hiu chnh bng phng php thch hp.
4 Phng php th
4.1 Thit b, dng c v vt liu

4.1.1 xc nh tnh nn ln ca mu t trong iu kin khng c n hng, c th dng cc

loi my nn khc nhau, nhng phi bo m cc quy nh trong tiu chun ny.
Nhng b phn ch yu ca my nn bao gm:
- Hp nn;
- Bn my;
- B phn tng ti vi h thng cnh tay n;
- Thit b o bin dng.
4.1.2 Yu cu i vi cc thit b th nghim
Hp nn phi c cc b phn hm: kn kht ca my phi bo m; bin dng ca my phi t
nht. Dao vng cha mu phi nhn v c ng knh trong (d) khng nh hn 70 mm v khng
ln hn ng knh trong ca ng ly mu t; chiu cao dao vng khng nh hn 20 mm v b
dy t 0,05d n 0,04d. T s gia chiu cao v ng knh ca dao vng khng nh hn t 1/3
n 1/4.
CH THCH: i vi t khng c ht th (ln hn 2 mm), ng knh trong ca dao vng c
php khng nh hn 50 mm.
4.1.3 Khi tc dng ti trng, phi bo m lc truyn xung tm nn theo hng thng ng v
ng tm mu. ng knh ca tm nn phi nh hn ng knh trong ca dao vng t 0,1
mm n 0,3 mm, chiu dy ca tm nn phi m bo cho lc truyn qua c ton b v phn
b u trn mt mu.
thm phi bo m cho nc c th thot ra t mu hay thm vo mu mt cch d dng.
Vt liu lm thm phi c bin dng ring rt nh, khng ng k (chng hn, hp cht
silic-cacbon).
y hp thm phi c l v lp ng dn nc c p lc khi lm bo ho nc. thnh y
hoc np hp nn cn c l thot kh v nc.
Trc khi th nghim phi kim tra kn kht ca hp nn, bng phng ca bn my, s cn
bng ca b phn truyn ti. Trong qu trnh th nghim, my phi c gi trong iu kin yn
tnh, khng b nh hng ca cc lc rung hoc va p; gi my c th t c nh nn hay
ngm cht vo tng.
4.1.4 Mi chic my nn phi c bn hiu chnh bin dng ring. Mi nm, nn tin hnh hiu
chnh bin dng ca tng chic my v cc thng s ca dao vng t nht hai ln.
CH THCH: xc nh bin dng ca cc b phn my, cn thay mu t trong dao vng
bng mt mu chun kim loi v t trn nhng ming giy thm lm t, sau , tin
hnh truyn p lc theo cc cp ging nh khi th nghim t. Mi cp p lc c gi cho n
khi hon ton khng cn bin dng trong 2 min. i vi mi chic my cn tin hnh th t nht
ba ln; ly gi tr trung bnh cng ca cc ln th lm tr s hiu chnh bin dng ring cho my
.
4.1.5 Cc dng c khc:
- Mu chun bng kim loi;
- Dao gt t;
- Dao gt bng;
- Dng c n mu vo dao vng;
- T sy iu chnh c nhit ;
- Cn k thut c chnh xc n 0,01 g;
- ng h o bin dng c khc vch n 0,01 mm.
Cc dng c lm th nghim lp (song song) khi xc nh m, ch s do v khi lng
ring.

4.2 Chun b mu
4.2.1 i vi mu t nguyn trng, khi chun b mu th nghim cn hn ch n mc thp nht
s tn tht lng nc do bc hi cng nh cc va chm.
Sau khi ly mu vo dao vng, phi gt bng mt trn v mt di theo mp dao. Nhng ch
lm trn mt phi c lp y bng t d ca mu (ch khng ly t c ln si sn).
Lau sch dao vng c mu t ri cn n trn cn k thut vi chnh xc n 0,01 g xc
nh khi lng th tch v m ca t trc khi nn.
4.2.2 i vi t khng nguyn trng th ly mu trung bnh c khi lng khong 200 g t t
c nghin s b (nu gp t m th dng tay lm ti, nht b si sn v tp cht khc)
ch b mu v khong 10 g xc nh m ban u W1.
Khi lng (mo) ca t m khng ch (W0) c tnh bng gam, theo cng thc (3):

Trong
W0 l m khng ch, tnh bng phn trm (%);
W1 l m ban u, tnh bng phn trm (%);
M1 l khi lng ca t ly ch b, tnh bng gam (g).
Nu m ban u ca t thp hn hoc cao hn m khng ch, th thm nc hoc hong
kh t trong khng kh mu t c m cn thit. Khi lng nc cn thm vo hay
gim i bng hiu s ca m1 v m0
Sau khi thm nc hay hong kh, phi nho trn t li cn thn.
Nhi t vo dao vng theo cht v m khng ch. Khi lng t cn thit nhi y
vo dao vng c tnh theo cng thc (4).

Trong
m l khi lng t cn thit nhi y vo dao vng, tnh bng gam (g);
V l th tch dao vng, tnh bng xentimt khi (cm);
wo l khi lng th tch ca t cn khng ch m W0, tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi
(g/cm).
Khi nhi t vo dao vng, phi m cht tng lp mt. Khi cn ch b s ln mu t c cng
cht v m th cho php nn t trong ci c dung tch ln hn tng th tch tt c cc
mu. nn t trong ci, c th dng kch hoc dng c m cht tiu chun.
Sau khi nhi y t vo dao vng, cn gt phn t tha hai u cho bng vi mp dao, ri
lau sch v cn trn cn k thut vi chnh xc n 0,01 g xc nh khi lng th tch v
m ban u ca mu t. m ban u c xc nh bng hiu s gia khi lng t
trc v sau khi th nghim nn.
CH THCH: C th ly t cn tha sau khi cho vo dao vng xc nh m ca t trc
khi th nghim.
4.3 Cch tin hnh
4.3.1 Sau khi mu t c chun b xong nh 4.2, ly hp nn ra khi bn my v lp mu
vo.
Trc khi lp mu, phi bi mt lp du my hoc vadlin mt ngoi dao vng v thnh hp
nn.

Trn hai mt mu t phi t hai t giy thm c lm m trc (t giy thm trc khi
cn mu). Mu c t gia, tm thm cng c thm t trc v pha trn cng l
tm nn truyn ti trng.
4.3.2 t hp nn lp xong mu ln bn nn, cn bng h thng tng ti bng i trng v
t hp ng vo im truyn lc; lp ng h o bin dng v iu chnh kim ng h v v
tr ban u hoc v v tr s "0".
CH THCH: cc b phn ca my nn tip xc tt v hot ng chnh xc khi lp dao vng
v t vo hp nn, cn phi xoay c s tip xc cht nht; trc khi th nghim nn tc dng
ln mu t mt p lc khong 1 x 103 Pa v chnh kim ng h bin dng v v tr ban u hoc
v v tr "0".
4.3.3 Tng ti trng v theo di bin dng ca mu
Tng ti trng ln mu t theo ch dn 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7 v 3.8.
Theo di bin dng nn trn ng h bin dng di mi cp ti trng ngay sau 15 s tng ti.
Khong thi gian c bin dng nn ln sau c ly gp i so vi ln c trc: 15 s; 30 s; 1
min; 2 min; 4 min; 8 min; 15 min; 30 min, 1 h; 2 h; 3 h; 6 h; 12 h v 24 h k t lc bt u th
nghim cho n khi n nh quy c theo 3.8.
Khi khng cn o tc ln, th c th c bin dng nn ng vi mi cp ti trng cc thi
im 10 min; 20 min; 30 min, 1 h; 2 h; 3 h v 4 h cho n khi t n nh quy c.
4.3.4 Ti trng cn thit tc dng ln mu mi p lc, c tnh bng niutn (N) theo cng
thc (5) sau

trong :
mc l trng lng ca tm nn, hn bi v vin thm trn mu, tnh bng niutn (N);
F l din tch mu, tnh bng mt vung (m);
l p lc tc dng ln mu, tnh bng pascan (Pa);
f l t l cnh tay n ca h thng truyn lc.
4.3.5 Nu cn lm bo ho mu th nc theo ng dn qua hp nn, cho thm dn t
di ln v gi trong khong thi gian khng t hn 10 min i vi ct; 6 h i vi ct pha v st
pha c ch s do lp khng ln hn 12; 12 h i vi st pha c Ip ln hn 12 v st c Ip khng
ln hn 22; 24 h i vi st c Ip t 22 n 35; 48 h i vi st c Ip ln hn 35.
Trong thi gian bo ho, phi hm khng cho t n v theo di s c ng h o bin dng.
Nu kim ng h o bin dng dch chuyn th chng t mu b n; lc phi chnh li vt hm
a kim tr li v tr ban u trc khi lm m mu.
Dng bng t ph ln mu khi b kh. Nu mu trong t nhin l bo ho nc, th
thm nc cho ngp mu.
4.3.6 Sau khi t n nh ln cp cui cng th thm v ht ht nc trong hp nn, d ti
trng trn gi treo, nng h thng truyn lc ln, ly hp nn ra, nhc tm truyn lc v thm
bn trn mu t, sau ly dao vng c t ra khi hp nn.
4.3.7 Xc nh khi lng th tch v m ca mu t sau khi nn: dng vi hoc giy thm
kh lau sch nc; em cn dao vng c t m v o th tch ca mu t, sau sy kh
ton b mu (gm c dao vng, t v giy thm); em cn li trn cn k thut vi chnh xc
ti 0,01 g tm khi lng kh.
m v khi lng th tch c xc nh bng phng php cn.
4.3.8 Nu cn xc nh bin dng khi phc ca t, phi i cho n khi s ln ca mu t
di ti trng ngng hn mi bt u d ti ln lt tng cp cho n cp cui cng, v ly

s c trn ng h o bin dng. Khi ch quan tm n bin dng khi phc cui cng, khng
nht thit phi d ti ln lt tng cp; c th d mi ln hai cp. Nu c yu cu, c th d ti
mt cp no , ri li tng tip, hoc tng v d ti theo mt s chu k. Thi gian theo di bin
dng khi phc ca t ct pha v st pha c php gim bt hai ln so vi lc tng ti. i
vi t st th tiu chun n nh v bin dng khi phc cng c ly nh bin dng nn ln.
4.3.9 Sau khi d ht cp cui cng v bin dng khi phc n nh, ly dao vng c t ra
khi my nn. Th nghim xong, phi kim tra v bi trn du m tt c cc chi tit ca my
chng g.
CH THCH: Cc tr hiu chnh bin dng ca my nn ch c gi tr cho tng chic c th, vi
cng loi giy thm, cng iu kin cht v d ti hon ton ging nh khi th nghim. Bin dng
thc t ca mu t ng vi mi cp ti bng hiu s gia tng bin dng ghi c khi th
nghim v bin dng ring tng ng ca tng my (cc tr hiu chnh theo 4.1.4).
4.3.10 Khi cn xc nh ln t tng i ca t (ln do tm t, ln sp) th sau khi n nh
ln di p lc bng tng ti trng cng trnh v p lc bn thn ca ct t mt su
no , tin hnh tm t mu v theo di ln do b bo ho nc. Tip , li tng ti thm
tng cp cho n tr b sung cui cng t 100 kPa n 300 kPa (ty yu cu). Lng bin i
chiu cao ( ln) ca mu t cp ti trng trc v sau khi tm t phi c theo di v
ghi chp y .
4.4 Biu th kt qu
4.4.1 Tnh ton cc c trng vt l ca t
m trc khi th nghim (W0) c tnh bng phn trm, theo cng thc (6):

m sau khi th nghim (Wk) c tnh bng phn trm, theo cng thc (7):

Khi lng th tch trc khi th nghim (o), c tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi (g/cm), theo
cng thc (8):

Khi lng th tch sau khi th nghim (k) c tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi (g/cm), theo
cng thc (9):

H s rng ban u ca t (e0) c tnh theo cng thc (10):

Mc bo ho nc trc khi th nghim (G0) c tnh bng phn trm, theo cng thc:

trong :
md l khi lng dao vng, tnh bng gam (g);
m1 l khi lng dao vng c t trc khi th nghim, tnh bng gam (g);
m2 l khi lng dao vng c t sau khi th nghim, tnh bng gam (g);
m3 l khi lng dao vng c t sau khi sy kh, tnh bng gam (g);
p l khi lng ring ca t, tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi (g/cm);
V l th tch dao vng, tnh bng xentimt khi (cm).
4.4.2 Xc nh bin dng ca mu (hn) trong qu trnh th nghim cp ti trng th n theo
cng thc (12):
hn = rn - r0 - Mn

(12)

trong :
hn l bin dng ca mu t cp ti trng th n, tnh bng milimt (mm);
Mn l bin dng ca my cp ti trng th n, tnh bng milimt (mm);
r0 l bin dng ban u ng h o bin dng, tnh bng milimt (mm);
rn l bin dng cp ti trng th n ng h o khi n nh bin dng nn ca mu t, tnh
bng milimt (mm).
4.4.3 Tnh ton s thay i ca h s rng (en) i vi mi p lc theo cng thc (13):

v h s rng (en) ng vi cp p lc theo cng thc (14):

i vi cp p lc cui cng, tng ng c:

Trong
h0 l chiu cao mu t trc khi th nghim, tnh bng milimt (mm);
e0 l h s rng ca t trc khi th nghim;
hn l bin dng ca mu t di cp p lc th n, tnh bng milimt (mm);
ek l h s rng ca t ng vi cp p lc cui cng;
ek l lng bin i (gim) h s rng ng vi cp p lc cui cng;
hk l bin dng ca mu t di cp p lc cui cng, tnh bng milimt (mm).
4.4.4 Tnh ton h s rng cp p lc cui cng theo m v khi lng th tch ca mu
sau khi th nghim.
Trng hp th nghim mu t m t nhin hoc m khng ch, theo cng thc (17):

trong :
e k l h s rng ca mu sau khi th nghim;
Wk l m ca mu t sau khi th nghim, tnh bng phn trm (%);
k l khi lng th tch ca mu sau khi th nghim, tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi (g/cm);
l khi lng ring ca t, tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi (g/cm).
Trng hp th nghim mu t hon ton bo ho nc, tnh theo cng thc (18):

4.4.5 So snh gi tr cui cng ca h s rng tnh theo bin dng (ek) vi gi tr ca h s rng
tnh theo m v khi lng th tch ca mu sau khi th nghim (ek).
Nu sai s gia ek v ek nm trong khong 5 % (xem tr s ek l 100 %) th c th tin hnh v
ng cong nn ln t cc gi tr tnh ton theo bin dng ca mu.
Nu sai s gia chng ln hn 5 % th hoc phi lm li th nghim, hoc v ng cong nn
ln t cc h s rng theo m v cht trc v sau khi th nghim, cn cc h s rng
trung gian c xc nh theo cng thc (19):

trong :
l h s hiu chnh, c tnh bng cng thc (20):

en l h s rng cp trung gian th n hiu chnh;

en l h s rng cp trung gian th n tnh theo bin dng.
4.4.6 V ng nn ln
Lp lin h gia s bin i tr h s rng (e) v p lc thng ng () c gi l ng nn
ln (Hnh 1). Thng thng, trn trc honh t cc gi tr p lc () theo t l t 1 cm cho 20
KPa n 1 cm cho 50 kPa; trn trc tung t cc gi tr h s rng tng ng (e) theo t l t 1
cm cho 0,01 n 1 cm cho 0,05.
4.4.7 Sau khi hiu chnh v v ng nn ln, xc nh h s nn ln () c tnh bng mt
trn pascan (Pa-1), theo cng thc (21):

trong :
en-1 l h s rng cp ti trng th n - 1;
en l h s rng cp ti trng th n;
n-1 l p lc nn thng ng cp th n -1, tnh bng kilopascan (kPa);

n l p lc nn thng ng cp th n, tnh bng kilopascan (kPa).

Kt qu tnh ton c biu din vi chnh xc n 1 x 10-5 kPa-1
4.4.8 Tr s moun tng bin dng En-1,n theo kt qu th nghim nn khng n hng c tnh
bng kilopascan (kPa) theo cng thc (22):

chuyn sang trng thi ng sut - bin dng c n hng, phi xt ti h s (c quan h vi
h s n hng v h s p lc hng . Sau khi hiu chnh cho , cn nhn vi h s mk, tham
kho Ph lc A, c mun tng bin dng tng ng vi khi th nghim bng tm nn ti hin
trng.
4.4.9 Khi cn tnh ton ln ca cng trnh theo thi gian, phi tin hnh x l s liu th
nghim theo phng php ring.
T cc kt qu o bin dng nn ln ca mu t di mi cp p lc cc thi gian khc
nhau, v ng c kt trong ta bin dng nn (h, mm) v cn s bc hai ca thi gian ( t ,
min) theo phng php D.Taylor (Hnh 1). Ko di on thng ln pha trn, cho ct trc tung ti
im A; im ny c xem l im gc ca giai on c kt thm, ng vi mc c kt U = 0
theo l thuyt. T im A v ng th hai c honh mi im u bng 1,15 honh ca
cc im tng ng trn ng thng th nht. im B, giao im gia ng thng th hai v
ng cong, l im ng vi mc c kt thm U = 90 % (Hnh 1). im kt thc ca c kt
thm (U = 100 %) c xc nh theo phng php A. Casagrande: lp biu lin h h - lgt
(Hnh 2). Giao im ca phn di ng c kt thm (c coi l thng) vi on thng ng
vi c kt th cp (ro ca ct t) s ng vi thi im t100. Sau khi xc nh c t0 v t100, c
th suy ra cc thi im ng vi mc c kt bt k, chng hn t50, t80,...; i chiu vi t90
xc nh c theo phng php D.Taylor. H s c kt (Cv) c tnh bng mt vung trn
giy (m2/s), theo cng thc (23):

trong :
0,848 l yu t thi gian (thng vn c k hiu l t90) ng vi mc c kt thm 90 %;
H l chiu cao ca mu, tnh bng xentimt (cm);
t90 l thi gian ng vi 90 % c kt thm, xc nh theo phng php
D.Taylor), tnh bng pht (min).

t (phng php

H s thm ca t di mi cp p lc (Kp) c tnh bng mt trn giy (m/s), theo cng thc
(24):

Trong
n l khi lng ring ca nc, tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi (g/cm);
2

Cv l h s c kt, tnh bng mt vung trn giy (m /s);

-1

a l h s nn ln ca t trong khong p lc th nghim,tnh bng mt trn kilopascan(kPa );

etb l h s rng trung bnh trong khong p lc th nghim c tnh theo cng thc (25):

4.4.10 Km theo cc kt qu xc nh phi ghi phng php th nghim v cc tnh cht c bit
ca t.
4.4.11 C th tin hnh ghi chp v trnh by kt qu th nghim theo phng php khc: cn c
vo s liu gc, ln lt lp cc biu lin h gia phn trm nn ln vi ti trng; gia h s
rng (t l khe h) vi logarit ti trng; gia lng ln cng dn vi logarit thi gian cho tng gi
tr ti trng. T xc nh c thi gian bt u c kt thm t0 v bin dng tng ng d0;
thi gian kt thc c kt thm t100 v bin dng tng ng d100, thi gian t mc c kt 50
%, tc t50, ........

Hnh 1 - ng cong c kt.

Phng php xc nh im c c kt U = 90 %

CH DN:
a) Bt u c kt thm
b) Kt thc c kt thm
Hnh 2 - Xc nh giai on c kt thm ca t bo ha nc
4.5 Bo co th nghim
Bo co th nghim phi c cc thng tin sau:
a) M t loi t th nghim;
b) Gi tr m t nhin, khi lng th tch, khi lng ring ca t;
c) Mu c nn trng thi bo ha hay trng thi t nhin;
d) m trc v sau nn;
) Phng php nn: nn nhanh hoc nn chm;
e) Phng php xc nh h s c kt;
f) Kch thc mu th nghim;
h) Biu quan h gia h s rng v p lc nn (d ti nu c);
g) Biu quan h ln theo thi gian ng vi tng cp p lc (nu c);
i) Cc thng s c trng cho tnh nn ln.

Ph lc A
(Tham kho)
Xc nh mun bin dng ca t
Kt qu th nghim nn mt trc c tng hp theo tng n nguyn a cht cng trnh
c phn chia. Thnh lp biu phn tn biu th quan h h s rng e vi cc cp p lc
khc nhau. Sau tnh gi tr trung bnh h s rng e cho mi cp p lc nhng vi iu kin bt
buc l s lng cc gi tr h s rng e phi nh nhau cho tng cp p lc.
Mun bin dng (E) cho quan h tuyn tnh c tnh bng kilopascan (kPa) theo cng thc (A.
1):

trong :
e0 l h s rng ca t;
l h s ph thuc vo h s bin dng ngang v c ly theo tng loi t:
ct = 0,80; ct pha = 0,74; st = 0,40; st pha = 0,62;
a l h s nn ln;
mk l h s chuyn i mun bin dng trong phng theo mun bin dng xc nh bng
phng php nn ti trng tnh.
i vi cng trnh nh v va (cp II - IV), khi khng c kt qu th nghim nn ti trng tnh th
h s mk c ly theo bng di y i vi loi t st c ngun gc bi tch, sn tch c ch
s st Is 0,75.
Loi t

Tr s ca cc h s mk khi h s rng e bng

0.45

0.55

0.65

0.75

0.85

0.95

1.05

Ct pha

4.0

4.0

3.5

2.0

2.0

St pha

5.0

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.0

2.5

2.0

St

6.0

6.0

5.5

5.5

4.5

CH THCH: vi nhng gi tr trung gian ca e, cho php xc nh mk bng ni suy.

Ph lc B
(tham kho)
Bng ghi v tnh ton kt qu th nghim nn
Tn cng trnh:

Phng php th nghim:

S th nghim:

Loi my nn:

S hiu h khoan (h o):

S hiu my nn:

S hiu mu t:

Kt cu mu t: nguyn trng

su ly mu:

H s rng t nhin (ban u) e0 - 0,975

Ghi ch mu t:

Ngy th nghim:

Ngi th nghim:

Ngi kim tra:

PHN GHI TH NGHIM NN

Thi gian c
nn

Bin dng ca mu t theo thi gian, ng vi cp p lc nn (105xPa)

Thi
im

S c

Thi S c Thi S c Thi S c Thi S c

im
im
im
im

01 min

47,0

10 min

64,0

30 min
1,0 h

103,0

140,0

170,0

2,0 h

87,0

130,0

161,0

186,0

24,0h

189,0
PHN TNH TON KT QU

Ph lc C
(tham kho)
Th nghim c kt
S hiu mu X11

Cng trnh:....................................................................

Kt cu mu

a im: ......................................................................

S hiu my th nghim

su: ...........................................................................

S hiu dao vng

28

Cc ch tiu

Chiu cao ct t, mm 9,15

T nhin

Phng php th nghim

Lng
ngm
nc, %

40,8

Dung trng
t, g/cm

1,72

Dung trng
kh, g/cm

1,22

T trng,
g/cm

2,67

T l khe
h

1,186

iu kin th nghim
Ngy th nghim
Ngi th nghim
Ngi tnh v
Ngi kim tra

Trc khi th nghim

Sau B/H

Sau khi th
nghim

p lc nn

(10 xPa)

0.25

0.5

1.0

2.0

4.0

S c ban u

mm

di

0,825

1,340

1,960

2,660

S hiu chnh my

mm

ac

0,050

0,070

0,095

0,120

0,150

S c ban u hiu mm
chnh

dc

0,050

0,845

1,365

1,985

2,690

im khng hiu
chnh

mm

d0

0,460

0,900

1,440

2,050

2,880

S c cui

mm

df

0,825

1,840

1,960

2,660

3,605

im 100 % c kt

mm

d100

0,810

1,320

1,940

2,640

3,580

t50

Thi gian ng vi d50

Chiu cao mu trc
gai ti

mm

Hi

20,000

19,225

18,730

18,135

17,460

Thay i chiu cao

mm

0,775

0.495

0,595

0,675

0,915

Chiu cao cui cng

mm

HP

19,225

18,730

18,135

17,460

16,545

Thay i chiu cao cui mm

cng

Ht

0,775

1,270

1,865

2,540

3,455

H s c kt

x 10-8 m2/s

Cv

10,11

9,60

6,75

6,25

7,49

Phn trm nn ln

3,9

6,3

9,3

12,7

1,73

0,085

0,059

0,065

0,074

0,100

1,101

1,047

0,982

0,908

0,808

Thay i t l, khe h
T l khe h (H s rng)
Moun nn khng n
hng

e
5

(10 xPa)

Ch s nn

1,186

6.4

Cc

H s nn ln

10-5 Pa-1

av

p lc tin c kt

(Pa)

H s thm c kt

m/s

Kv

0,34

4.

15.7

26.8

38.2

0,179

0,216

0,246

0,332

0,216

0,130

0,074

0,050

Hnh C.1 - Tng quan gia tnh nn ln v p lc nn

Hnh C.2- Tng quan gia h s rng v p lc nn

Hnh C.3- Lng ln cng dn

Bng C.1- Cc tr s , d0, d100, d50, t50, df

5

10 Pa

0.25

0.50

1.0

2.0

4.0

d0

mm

0,460

0,900

1,440

2,050

2,880

d100

mm

0,810

1,320

1,940

2,640

3,580

d50

mm

t50

min

df

mm

MC LC
Li ni u
1 Phm vi p dng
2 Thut ng v nh ngha
3 Quy nh chung
4 Phng php th
Ph lc A (tham kho) Xc nh m un bin dng ca t

Ph lc B (Tham kho) Bng ghi v tnh ton kt qu th nghim nn

Ph lc C (Tham kho) Th nghim c kt