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Pressure Pipe - Opening Reinforcement

07 /02/2009 4 :46 PM

Hi everyone,
Thank you foy your attention,
This is the question :
I have to design a By Pass conical derivation from a 3700mm diameter pressure pipe (Pd: 323psi). The smallest end of
the cone has 2400mm diameter , and the wall angle of the cone is 8 .
Regrding this, the size of the hole (apperturance ) in the 3700 mm pipe is approx 3200mm.
So :
ASME Code is allowed to calculate the reinforcement of the hole? Is it another method to calculate / design it?
Engineering Steel Plate Volume 4 has something related, but geometrical limits are exceeded in this case.
If more information is needed , please let me know it.
Any suggestion / help on this will be preciated.
Thank you in advance.

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XMech
Power-User

Re: Pressure Pipe Great Opening Reinforcement

#1

07 /02/2009 8 :23 PM

Just so I am on the same page as you, a few questions:

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I assume you are referring to the popular nomograph by Swanson , H.S. ET AL. Design of Wye Branches for Steel
Pipe . Journ. AWWA 47 :6:581 (June 1995) - which only goes to 120 inch diameter pipe, correct?
What code is your final design to follow?
Have you tried the "Area Replacement" rules for ASME branch connections to see how onerous they are for that
large of diameter ?

Please confirm that you are doing a 90 degree branch connection; main run 3700 mm with the connection @ 3200
mm (slopes to 2400 mm), similar to (d) in picture, but with the conical section as pictured in (B)?

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CR4 - Thread: Pressure Pipe - Opening Reinforcement

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Do you REALLY need a conical section as the start of the branch?

I had a quick look at work of our copy of "Steel Penstocks, ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 79 ",
but it seems to have grown legs and wandered off - I may track it down tomorrow, in which case I will share if it has
appropriate information.
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XMech
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Re: Pressure Pipe Great Opening Reinforcement

#2
In reply to #1

07 /02/2009 9 :14 PM

Upon a little more work:

I see that your PDV value according to "Steel Plate Engineering Data - Vol 4" is approximately 35 ,123 - which should be
reinforced with a crotch plate(s), however, ASME B31 .8 does not allow for credit for this type of reinforcement.
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Guest

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Re: Pressure Pipe Great Opening Reinforcement

#3
In reply to #1

07 /03/2009 8 :23 AM

Xmech , thank you in advance .

Answers to your questions:
1. Yes, in Steel Plate Engineerign Data Volume 4 1998 Page 36 , this is the nomograph showed .
2. The design is a pipeline for a hydraulic power plant. Client had not specified me which is specifically the code to
follow. They only give me the Steel Plate Engineerign Data to follow.
3. I had tried to follow the area replacement method for ASME VIIO DIv 1, but Im not sure if the dimensions of the
pipe and the branch are allowed by that code. I will revise the code.
4. Branch Lay Out : Correct. This is exactly the situation.
5. Client specify it, in order to decrease hydraulic losses. Steel Plate Engineering Data mention it, and recommend a
slope of 6 to 8. In this case the angle is 8.
6. I will preciate if you find something in ASCE Manual and share it.
Thank you again,
keep on contact on this issue
Regards ,

XMech

Re: Pressure Pipe Great Opening Reinforcement

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#4
In reply to #3

13/12/2010 1:31:45 PM

CR4 - Thread: Pressure Pipe - Opening Reinforcement

Power-User

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07 /03/2009 8 :47 AM

Alright, I have put a call in to the search and rescue department to locate the ASCE manual, could be a couple days
though because people are on vacation/good at squirreling things away.
And for your information - AWWA M11 also covers penstock design, however it is essentially the exact same
information as Steel Plate Engineering 4 (both refer to the identical nomograph as well)
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XMech
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#5
In reply to #4

Re: Pressure Pipe Great Opening Reinforcement

07 /03/2009 8 :51 PM

On a positive note - I tracked down the ASCE MOP No . 79.

On a negative note - it is somewhat lacking in this particular design detail (it does, however, extensively cover all
other aspects of penstock design ). It suggests using an FEA approach for this detail, and even references the AISI Steel Plate Engineering Data, Vol 4.
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If FEA is not an option for you, I would suggest using the ASME ' area replacement' rules and according to the ASCE
MOP 79:
2/3 of the cut-out area must be replaced within 0.5(rt); where r is the inside radius, and t is the thickness
The limit of reinforcement normal to the longitudinal access of the penstock is 2 times the shell thickness.
I would further suggest, that instead of installing a re-pad (collar) that you make the entire shell plates (mainline
and branch) thicker than required for the regular cylindrical shell and transition them down to the 'normal' thickness
1/2

required at an absolute minimum distance of (rt) . For absolute confidence , I would also add the 3-plate external
stiffener design loosely based on the previously discussed nomograph .
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Guest

#6
In reply to #1

Re: Pressure Pipe Great Opening Reinforcement

07 /05/2009 5 :40 PM

Is just my copy of Steel Plate Engineering Data (SPED) which lack of the figures 45 (e) and (f)?
Do you have this subfigures?
If you have them, please send me it.
In a previous paragraph SPED say that for D1 is over 3/4 D, figuer 45 (e ) is the preferable design. But my copy dont
include it, just subfigures 45 (a), (b), (c), (d) and (g).
Section C-C is also included , but no reference to it.
Thank you.

XMech
Power-User

#7
In reply to #6

Re: Pressure Pipe Great Opening Reinforcement

07 /05/2009 11:02 PM

Nope , it is not just your copy - things are definitely a little awry with Fig. 45 (1984).
I even checked in the 2nd edition (1998), which was no help, because this figure is omitted altogether.

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JFERREYRA

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Re: Pressure Pipe Great Opening Reinforcement

#8
In reply to #7

Member

07 /06/2009 8 :34 AM

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Posts : 7

For the assumptions that are made in the text, I'm assuming that this figures (e) and (f) are similar to figure (g) but
with a plate ring, not a with formed section as indicated in figure (g).
Besides , I'm assuming that section C-C comes up from any of this missing figures.
Would you assume the same ?
Thank for your collaboration and interest.

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XMech
Power-User

Re: Pressure Pipe Great Opening Reinforcement

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#9
In reply to #8

07 /07/2009 12:33 AM

I would say that the missing 45 (e) is a ' Y' or a branch connection at an angle that has the external stiffeners as
45 (d) and 46 (f); from this quotation - "When branch outlets intersect in a manner as shown in Figure 45 (d) and
(e ) and wyes as shown in Figure 46 (f), three or four exterior horseshoe girders may be used, ..."

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And the missing 45 (f) is very similar to 45 (g) with the ring girder type (possibly minus the internal tie rods )
because of this quotation - "In the analysis of the ring girder type of reinforcement shown in Figure 45 (f) and (g)
, it is assumed ..."
I would say that section C-C was intended for 45 (f) for two reasons:
1. (d) has section A -A; (g) has section D-D .... so ......(e) probably should have had B-B , and (f) should have
had C-C.
2. Section C-C is very similar to section D-D, which is of the ring girder type of (g)
Make sense?
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XMech
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Re: Pressure Pipe Great Opening Reinforcement

#10
In reply to #9

07 /07/2009 2 :42 AM

I should have caught on earlier - I was even looking at it for awhile, and have had this document the whole time.
That entire figure (45 ) is from one of the pioneering works/records /manuals for penstocks - the Bureau of
Reclamation Engineering Monograph 3 [reference #9 in SPED ] available @
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http ://www.usbr.gov/pmts/hydraulics _lab/pubs/EM/EM 03.pdf

have a look at page 29 and all the missing pieces are there .
I even have the older and even more pioneering work on penstocks - "Boulder Canyon Project - Final Reports;
Bulletin 5 - Penstock Analysis and Stiffener Design "; [reference #17 in SPED] but the above EM03 is more
practical.
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JFERREYRA
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Re: Pressure Pipe Great Opening Reinforcement

#11
In reply to #10

07 /07/2009 8 :32 AM

XMech ,
Thanks very much for your preciate collaboration.
I have been reading a book on this issue called: "Structural Mechanics of Buried Pipes" by Raynolds King
Watkings, and has a different (and interesting ) evaluation of this cases.
Thank you again,
keep in touch,
ing.jferreyra@gmail.com
Buenos Aires, Argentina

XMech
Power-User

Re: Pressure Pipe Great Opening Reinforcement

#12
In reply to #11

07 /07/2009 2 :53 PM

I noticed that the local university library archive has a copy of the reference #15 of EM03 - "Design of Wye
Branches for Steel Pipe", and probably has a copy of the previously mentioned article too.
I will be at the library this weekend and have a look and will let you know if those articles have any more
insight.
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XMech
Power-User

Re: Pressure Pipe Great Opening Reinforcement

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#13
In reply to #12

07 /08/2009 9 :48 PM

I went to the library a little earlier.

That article is quite extensive and should prove to be useful (I haven't gone through it all yet).
But here it is Join Date: Jan 2009
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(NOTE: you do not need to sign up to download. Just click on "Request Download Ticket" in the top left
corner, wait a couple seconds, and then click on "Download" in the same spot )
http ://ifile.it/j9q0wy5
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JFERREYRA
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Re: Pressure Pipe Great Opening Reinforcement

#14
In reply to #13

07 /10/2009 6 :58 AM

XMech ,
I finally designed the crotch plate with the lineups of the "Structural Mechanics of Buried Pipes" by Rrynold
Watkings and Loren Anderson.
In chapter 18 Special Sections, you would find a very well described example of the crotch plate design for
a bifurcation, guidelines that are used in the same way for any crotch plate.
If you need a digital copy of the book............
Thank you for all your collaboration,

xhansu
Member
Join Date: Oct 2009
Posts : 9

Re: Pressure Pipe Great Opening Reinforcement

#15
In reply to #13

10 /24/2009 1 :29 PM

I have been looking long for some substantial information in wye branch design .
i refer to sped 1984 and usbr monograph no.3.
Is the nomograph method sufficient or should we adopt FEA ?.
I am in search for AWWA manual M11 1984/2004 Edition.
My wye branch from 2000 mm dia to 1500 m dia ,total angle between 70 deg.
internal pressure is 75 kg/cm ^2.
what is the difference between a 2 plate and 3 plate reinforcement. is it one crotch plate and two circular
rings !.
will u pl explain the differences in fig 46 a & b? are they with tie rods ? my wye branch is not with tie rod .
so which method i should follow?
thank you.

Guest

Re: Pressure Pipe Great Opening Reinforcement

#16
In reply to #15

10 /26/2009 9 :34 AM

I recommend you to download de link published before in this discussion.

It is about the Swanson and others work in this issue.
It was very very helpful to me.
Regards ,
J Ferreyra

xhansu
Member
Join Date: Oct 2009
Posts : 9

Re: Pressure Pipe Great Opening Reinforcement

#17
In reply to #16

10 /29/2009 12:50 PM

Thank you, I have downloaded the paper by swanson. Ofcourse it is very usefull.

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The PDV value comes to 42265 in my case. using the nomograph, i am getting depth of crotchplate dw
for 3" thick as 69 "(1750mm) , db= 46 " (1170mm) & dt=20 "(500mm).
My client has given the wye branch fabrication drg for scrutiny and he has provided only dw=1200
mm , db=800mm with 40 mm thickness,with a flange for yoke girder 450mm width and thickness 45
mm.The thickness of penstockshell at wye is 52 mm.
nomograph does not give any reduction in crotchdepths incase we provide such a flange.
Is it better to start the design with dimensions from nomograph ?.SIR you have written in the earlier
discussion that you have read Structural Mechanics of Buried Pipes and commented that it is good book.
I have tried to get it online but only few pages are seen in the preview. can u spare me a digital copy
if u have one?
thank you
susan

Guest

Re: Pressure Pipe Great Opening Reinforcement

#18
In reply to #17

10 /29/2009 1 :14 PM

Susan ,
I really tried the nomograph method when i did my job, and the results that i got were very unscaled,
as you are telling. The nomograph method is (by my experience) useful for smallers derivations or
design pressures .
I have said that the book you mention is a good one, as a reference.
Besides this, I recommend you to do the calculations and the design of your crotch plate with the
appliable case of Swanson paper. This was the most useful reference that i got that time.
Im a very missed in home nowadays, but of course as soon as I can , I will try to send you what you
are asking.
Sorry, but Im very bussy by these days.
Any other help that you need, do it by here or at my mail direction.
regards ,
Javier

xhansu

Re: Pressure Pipe Great Opening Reinforcement

#19
In reply to #18

Member

01 /14/2010 6 :04 AM

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Posts : 9

IS there anyone who has referred USBR 32 - STRESS ANALYSDIS OF WYE BRANCHES SYMMETRICAL BIFURCATION IN GLENDO OUTLET WYE?.

rofhan
Participant
Join Date: Jul 2010
Posts : 1

Re: Pressure Pipe Great Opening Reinforcement

#20
In reply to #15

07 /28/2010 11:20 AM

Hello,I' m Rufan,I'm interest about this topic and i have any question
Refer to AWWA M11 ,the type of reinforcement pad is "crotch", "wrapper", and "collar".
what is the different about 3 type above?? complete with drawing or sketch if any..

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