E Eng-Calculations

Hydrodynamic calculation vertical lift gates

Q air

a1
H

a2
ss

Q max +W
r s0
θ

+P
e
s

b
B

d'

Vertical lift gate

Values for calculation

Conduit height immediately upstream from the gate
 s 0 12000 mm

Clear width of the conduit at the gate section

b 7600 mm

Width of the gate

B 8000 mm

Gate sealing height

ss 12100 mm

Thickness of the skinplate

d ′
19 mm

Angle of inclination of the bottom surface of the gate

θ 45 °

Ratio e/d

e /d 0

Width of clearance between upstream face of the gate and upstream wall of the gate chamber

a 1 270 mm

Width of clearance between the downstream face of the gate and the downstream wall of the
gate chamber

a 2 65 mm

Gate thickness

d 2000 mm

Radius of curvature for the rounding of the gate lip

r 800 mm

Projection of the skinplate

e mm

Flow
 3000
3
Qmax m /s

Total head in the reservoir

H 58 m

Water hammer

Δ P 1 m

Gravitational acceleration

g 9.81 m/s
2

The water temperature

T 20 °C

Density

ρ 998.4 kg/m
3

Saturated vapor pressure

PT 2339.2 Pa

Gate axis position to sea level

h 0 m

Air density

ρair 1.225 kg/m

3

Atmospheric pressure

pa 101325 Pa

Closing time

t 3 s

Pipe length behind the gate

L 150 m

Loss coefficient
 ζ

Calculation
Cross-sectional area of the conduit
s 0 ⋅ b 12000 ⋅ 7600
2
A= 6
=
6
= 91.2m
10 10

Area of the horizontal projection of the top seal

B⋅a 2 8000 ⋅ 65
2
As =
6
=
6
= 0.52m
10 10

Minimum cross-sectional area between upstream face of

the gate and upstream wall of the gate chamber
2
A 1 = a 1 ⋅ b = 270 ⋅ 7600 = 2052000mm

Cross-sectional area of the contracted jet issuing from the

gap between the downstream face of the gate and the
downstream wall of the gate chamber
2
A 2 = a 2 ⋅ b = 65 ⋅ 7600 = 494000mm

Coefficient KT
1 1
KT =
2
=
2
= 0.945
A 2 494000
1 + ( ) 1 + ( )
A 1 2052000

Velocity before the gate

6 6
10 ⋅ Qmax 10 ⋅ 3000
vmax = = = 32.89m/s
s 0 ⋅ b 12000 ⋅ 7600

Theoretical pressure in the gate at full opening

2 2
vmax 32.89
Δh = ⋅ ( ζ + 1) = ⋅ (0 + 1) = 55.2m
2 ⋅ g 2 ⋅ 9.81

Effective closing time factor

cef = 0.4223
Under-pressure behind the gate
L ⋅ vmax 150 ⋅ 32.89
Pu = max (− , −10.35) = max (− , −10.35) = −10.35m
g ⋅ t ⋅ cef 9.81 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 0.4223

Pressure parameter
Δh 55.2
p= = = 0.951
H 58

0 < p ≤ 1 → 0 < 0.951 ≤ 1

 Does suit.
 Gate Flow Coefficient Coefficient of Gate
position coefficient KB contraction opening

s/ s 0 KQ KB Cc s

mm

1 1 0.069 1 12000

0.9 0.755 0.542 0.839 10800

0.8 0.64 0.582 0.8 9600

0.7 0.547 0.556 0.782 8400

0.6 0.462 0.532 0.77 7200

0.5 0.381 0.53 0.762 6000

0.4 0.3012 0.551 0.753 4800

0.3 0.2247 0.582 0.749 3600

0.2 0.1508 0.644 0.754 2400

0.1 0.0814 0.788 0.814 1200

0 0 1 0.741 0
 -●-KQ [−]

s/ s 0 [−]

Flow coefficient
-●-KB [−]

s/ s 0 [−]

Coefficient KB
 -●-Cc [−]

s/ s 0 [−]

Coefficient of contraction
 -●-s[mm]

s/ s 0 [−]

Gate opening

s = s/ s 0 ⋅ s 0
 Reduced
free flow Velocity in the
area in the Flow of Water contracted jet
throttle water velocity issuing from
Gate Loss control Relative before before underneath the
position coefficient system flow the gate the gate gate

s/ s 0 ζ fr Qp Q v vj
3
m /s m/s m/s

1 0 1 1 3000 32.89 32.89

0.9 0.754 0.755 0.763 2323.1 25.47 33.73

0.8 1.441 0.64 0.649 1969 21.59 33.73

0.7 2.337 0.547 0.557 1684.1 18.47 33.73

0.6 3.685 0.462 0.4712 1421.3 15.58 33.73

0.5 5.89 0.381 0.3893 1172.2 12.85 33.73

0.4 10.02 0.3012 0.3082 926.6 10.16 33.73

0.3 18.81 0.2247 0.2301 691.3 7.58 33.73

0.2 42.97 0.1508 0.1546 463.9 5.09 33.73

0.1 149.9 0.0814 0.0835 250.4 2.746 33.73

0 1.0E+200 0 0 0 0 0
 -●-fr [−]
-●-Qp [−]

s/ s 0 [−]

Coefficients

KQ
fr =
KQmax

fr
Qp =

√ p + fr2
⋅ (1 − p)
 -●-Q[m 3
/s]

s/ s 0 [−]

Flow of water before the gate

if KQ ⋅ √2 ⋅ g⋅H ≤ vmax

Q = KQ ⋅ A ⋅ √ 2 ⋅ g ⋅ H

else

Q = Qp ⋅ Qmax
 -●-v[m/s]

s/ s 0 [−]

Water velocity before the gate

6
10 ⋅ Q
v=
s 0 ⋅ b
 -●-vj [m/s]

s/ s 0 [−]

Velocity in the contracted jet issuing from underneath the gate

Q
vj =
KQ ⋅ A
 Gate Loss of pressure on Pressure on the Cavitation Force on
position the gate gate number gate

s/ s 0 HL Hv σ W

m m kN

1 0 55.2 1.235 0

0.9 24.93 60.7 0.711 5706290.3

0.8 34.24 62 0.546 11655290.8

0.7 40.62 63 0.4361 17778834.2

0.6 45.62 64 0.3513 24071692.8

0.5 49.58 64.9 0.2853 30526808.3

0.4 52.7 65.9 0.2334 37151471.4

0.3 55.1 66.7 0.1953 43926300.7

0.2 56.7 67.6 0.169 50846725.2

0.1 57.6 68.4 0.1534 57885409.6

0 58 69.4 0.1457 65751230.4

 -●-HL [m]
-●-Hv [m]

s/ s 0 [−]

Loss of height on gate and pressure height on gate

2
v
HL = ⋅ ζ
2 ⋅ g
2
v
Hv = HL + + (1 − Qp ) ⋅ (ΔP − Pu )
2 ⋅ g
 -●-σ[−]

s/ s 0 [−]

Cavitation number

pa − P T
ρ⋅g + H − HL
σ=
Hv
 -●-W [kN]

s/ s 0 [−]

Force on gate

if s/s 0 = 0

ρ ⋅ g ⋅ H v ⋅ B ⋅ ss
W =
6
10

else

ρ ⋅ g ⋅ Hv ⋅ B ⋅ ( s 0 − s)
W =
6
10
 Downpull resulting Downpull resulting
from the difference from the pressure
between the pressures differential acting on
acting on the top and the horizontal Downpull
Gate bottom surfaces of the protrusions of the resulting Downpull
position gate gate from the lip force

s/ s 0 P 1 P 2 P 3 P

kN kN kN kN

1 7573 265.5 77.6 7916.1

0.9 3665 279.2 81.6 4025.8

0.8 3301.4 279.2 81.6 3662.2

0.7 3537.7 279.2 81.6 3898.6

0.6 3755.9 279.2 81.6 4116.7

0.5 3774 279.2 81.6 4134.9

0.4 3583.2 279.2 81.6 3944

0.3 3301.4 279.2 81.6 3662.2

0.2 2737.9 279.2 81.6 3098.7

0.1 1429 279.2 81.6 1789.8

0 0 0 0 0
 -●-P 1 [kN]

s/ s 0 [−]

Downpull resulting from the difference between the pressures acting on the top and
bottom surfaces of the gate

2
vj
P 1 = ( KT − KB ) ⋅ B ⋅ d ⋅ ρ ⋅ 9
2 ⋅ 10
 -●-P 2 [kN]

s/ s 0 [−]

Downpull resulting from the pressure differential acting on the horizontal protrusions
of the gate

2
vj
P 2 = K T ⋅ As ⋅ ρ ⋅ 3
2 ⋅ 10
 -●-P 3 [kN]

s/ s 0 [−]

Downpull resulting from the lip

′
vj
P 3 = KT ⋅ B ⋅ d ⋅ ρ⋅ 9
2 ⋅ 10
 -●-P [kN]

s/ s 0 [−]

Downpull force

P = P 1 + P 2 + P 3
 Gate Depth of water at vena Froude Aerated
position contracta number coefficient

s/ s 0 hc Fc β

1 12 2.769 0.0549

0.9 9.06 3.287 0.0721

0.8 7.68 3.62 0.0833

0.7 6.57 3.957 0.0947

0.6 5.54 4.35 0.1081

0.5 4.572 4.834 0.1247

0.4 3.614 5.49 0.1473

0.3 2.696 6.4 0.1794

0.2 1.81 7.88 0.2317

0.1 0.977 10.81 0.3373

0 0 0 0
 -●-hc [m]

s/ s 0 [−]

Depth of water at vena contracta

KQ ⋅ s 0
hc =
3
10
 -●-Fc [−]

s/ s 0 [−]

Froude number

2 ⋅ ( H − hc )
Fc = √
hc
 -●-β[−]

s/ s 0 [−]

Aerated coefficient

1.06
β = 0.03 ⋅ (Fc − 1)
 Under- The flow The flow
Coefficient of pressure in area of the area of the
Gate under-pressure the aerated Air Air aerated aerated
position of aerated hole pipeline flow velocity hole pipeline

s/ s 0 fair pair Qair vair Aair Aair − pipe

3 2 2
Pa m /s m/s m m

1 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.9 0.83 -51398.7 167.5 202.8 0.826 3.349

0.8 1.659 -74866 164 244.7 0.67 3.279

0.7 2.726 -92182 159.4 250 0.638 3.189

0.6 4.599 -101325 153.6 250 0.614 3.072

0.5 8.59 -101325 146.2 250 0.585 2.923

0.4 12.59 -101325 136.5 250 0.546 2.729

0.3 70.2 -101325 124 250 0.4961 2.481

0.2 127.8 -101325 107.5 250 0.4301 2.15

0.1 185.4 -101325 84.5 250 0.3379 1.69

0 243 -101325 0 250 0 0

 -●-fair [−]

s/ s 0 [−]

Coefficient of under-pressure of aerated hole

 -●-pair [Pa]

s/ s 0 [−]

Under-pressure in the aerated pipeline

2
v L ⋅ vmax ⋅ ρ
pair = − min ( pa , fair ⋅ ⋅ ρ + (1 − Qp ) ⋅ min ( , pa ))
2 ⋅ g t ⋅ cef
 -●-Qair [m 3
/s]

s/ s 0 [−]

Air flow

pa
if pair <
2

Qair = min ( Qmax − Q, β ⋅ Q)

else

Qair = max ( Qmax − Q, β ⋅ Q)

 -●-vair [m/s]

s/ s 0 [−]

Air velocity

2 ⋅ pair
vair = min (0.7 ⋅ √− , 250)
ρair
 -●-Aair [m 2
]

s/ s 0 [−]

The flow area of the aerated hole

Qair
Aair =
vair
 -●-Aair − pipe [m
2
]

s/ s 0 [−]

The flow area of the aerated pipeline

if vair > 50

Qair
Aair − pipe =
50

else

Aair − pipe = Aair