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HD
g0
B
h
W hD
g1
e
hT
HT
HG
hG G
C
A
Material of bolt
Calculation temperature
T 20 °C
Test temperature
Ttest 20 °C
Assembly temperature
Tassembly 20 °C
Calculation pressure
P 1 MPa
Test pressure
Testing group
Joint coefficient
z 1
Rp 1.0/ T MPa
Tensile strength
Rm / T 460 MPa
A 1230 mm
C 1160 mm
B 991 mm
G 1070 mm
e 70 mm
db 33 mm
Number of bolts
n 28
g 1 18 mm
Hub length
h 41 mm
b 50 mm
Gasket factor
m 0.25
y 0.7 MPa
Poisson's ratio
ν 0.3
AB 19420.8 mm
2
Calculation
Maximum value of the nominal design stress for normal operating
load cases
Rp 0.2/ T Rm /20 260 460
fd = min ( , ) = min ( , ) = 173.3MPa
1.5 2.4 1.5 2.4
Maximum value of the nominal design stress for testing load cases
Rp 0.2/ Ttest 260
ftest = = = 247.6MPa
1.05 1.05
Hydrostatic end force applied via shell to flange for testing load
cases
π 2
π 2
HDtest = ⋅ ( B ⋅ Ptest ) = ⋅ (991 ⋅ 1.5) = 1156986.9N
4 4
Does suit.
= 77238705.9Nmm
= 115858058.9Nmm
⎝⎷ 2 ⋅ db + ⎠ ⎝⎷ 2 ⋅ 33 + ⎠
m + 0.5 0.25 + 0.5
Length parameter
l 0 = √ B⋅g 0 = √991 ⋅ 12.5 = 111.3
Factor βT
2
K 2
⋅ (1 + 8.55246 ⋅ log
10
( K )) − 1 1.241 ⋅ (1 + 8.55246 ⋅ log10 (1.241)) − 1
βT = = = 1.822
(1.0472 + 1.9448 ⋅ K 2
) ⋅ ( K − 1) (1.0472 + 1.9448 ⋅ 1.241 ) ⋅ (1.241 − 1)
2
Factor βU
2
K 2
⋅ (1 + 8.55246 ⋅ log
10
( K )) − 1 1.241 ⋅ (1 + 8.55246 ⋅ log10 (1.241)) − 1
βU = = = 10.01
1.36136 ⋅ ( K 2
− 1) ⋅ ( K − 1) 1.36136 ⋅ (1.241
2
− 1) ⋅ (1.241 − 1)
Factor βY
1 K 2
⋅ log
10
( K) 1
βY = ⋅ (0.66845 + 5.7169 ⋅ ) =
K−1 K 2
− 1 1.241 − 1
2
1.241 ⋅ log (1.241)
10
⋅ (0.66845 + 5.7169 ⋅ ) = 9.11
2
1.241 − 1
Moment exerted on the flange per unit of length for testing load
cases
CF 1
Mtest = MT − test ⋅ = 115858058.9 ⋅ = 116910.3Nmm/mm
B 991
Factor A
g 1 18
A= − 1 = − 1 = 0.44
g 0 12.5
Factor C
4 4
2
h 2
41
C = 48 ⋅ (1 − ν ) ⋅ ( ) = 48 ⋅ (1 − 0.3 ) ⋅ ( ) = 0.804
l 0 111.3
Factor C 1
1 A 1 0.44
C 1 = + = + = 0.37
3 12 3 12
Factor C 2
5 17 ⋅ A 5 17 ⋅ 0.44
C 2 = + = + = 0.1413
42 336 42 336
Factor C 3
1 A 1 0.44
C 3 = + = + = 0.00598
210 360 210 360
Factor C 4
11 59 ⋅ A 1 + 3 ⋅ A 11 59 ⋅ 0.44 1 + 3 ⋅ 0.44
C 4 = + + = + + = 2.92
360 5040 C 360 5040 0.804
Factor C 5
3 3
1 5 ⋅ A (1 + A) 1 5 ⋅ 0.44 (1 + 0.44)
C 5 = + − = + − = −3.699
90 1008 C 90 1008 0.804
Factor C 6
1 17 ⋅ A 1 1 17 ⋅ 0.44 1
C 6 = + + = + + = 1.253
120 5040 C 120 5040 0.804
Factor C 7
2 3
215 51 ⋅ A 120 + 225 ⋅ A + 150 ⋅ A + 35 ⋅ A 1 215 51 ⋅ 0.44
C 7 = + + ( ) ⋅ = +
2772 1232 14 C 2772 1232
2 3
120 + 225 ⋅ 0.44 + 150 ⋅ 0.44 + 35 ⋅ 0.44 1
+ ( ) ⋅ = 22.39
14 0.804
Factor C 8
2 3
31 128 ⋅ A 66 + 165 ⋅ A + 132 ⋅ A + 35 ⋅ A 1 31 128 ⋅ 0.44
C 8 = + + ( ) ⋅ = +
6930 45045 77 C 6930 45045
2 3
66 + 165 ⋅ 0.44 + 132 ⋅ 0.44 + 35 ⋅ 0.44 1
+ ( ) ⋅ = 2.704
77 0.804
Factor C 9
2 3
533 653 ⋅ A 42 + 198 ⋅ A + 117 ⋅ A + 25 ⋅ A 1 533 653 ⋅ 0.44
C 9 = + + ( ) ⋅ = +
30240 73920 84 C 30240 73920
2 3
42 + 198 ⋅ 0.44 + 117 ⋅ 0.44 + 25 ⋅ 0.44 1
+ ( ) ⋅ = 2.299
84 0.804
Factor C 10
2 3
29 3 ⋅ A 42 + 198 ⋅ A + 243 ⋅ A + 91 ⋅ A 1 29 3 ⋅ 0.44
C 10 = + − ( ) ⋅ = +
3780 704 84 C 3780 704
2 3
42 + 198 ⋅ 0.44 + 243 ⋅ 0.44 + 91 ⋅ 0.44 1
− ( ) ⋅ = −2.712
84 0.804
Factor C 11
2 3
31 1763 ⋅ A 42 + 72 ⋅ A + 45 ⋅ A + 10 ⋅ A 1 31 1763 ⋅ 0.44
C 11 = + + ( ) ⋅ = +
6048 665280 84 C 6048 665280
2 3
42 + 72 ⋅ 0.44 + 45 ⋅ 0.44 + 10 ⋅ 0.44 1
+ ( ) ⋅ = 1.238
84 0.804
Factor C 12
2 3
1 71 ⋅ A 88 + 198 ⋅ A + 156 ⋅ A + 42 ⋅ A 1 1 71 ⋅ 0.44
C 12 = + + ( ) ⋅ = +
2925 300300 385 C 2925 300300
2 3
88 + 198 ⋅ 0.44 + 156 ⋅ 0.44 + 42 ⋅ 0.44 1
+ ( ) ⋅ = 0.675
385 0.804
Factor C 13
2 3
761 937 ⋅ A 2 + 12 ⋅ A + 11 ⋅ A + 3 ⋅ A 1 761 937 ⋅ 0.44
C 13 = + + ( ) ⋅ = +
831600 1663200 70 C 831600 1663200
2 3
2 + 12 ⋅ 0.44 + 11 ⋅ 0.44 + 3 ⋅ 0.44 1
+ ( ) ⋅ = 0.1728
70 0.804
Factor C 14
2 3
197 103 ⋅ A 2 + 12 ⋅ A + 17 ⋅ A + 7 ⋅ A 1 197 103 ⋅ 0.44
C 14 = + − ( ) ⋅ = +
415800 332640 70 C 415800 332640
2 3
2 + 12 ⋅ 0.44 + 17 ⋅ 0.44 + 7 ⋅ 0.44 1
− ( ) ⋅ = −0.1977
70 0.804
Factor C 15
2 3
233 97 ⋅ A 6 + 18 ⋅ A + 15 ⋅ A + 4 ⋅ A 1 233 97 ⋅ 0.44
C 15 = + + ( ) ⋅ = +
831600 554400 210 C 831600 554400
2 3
6 + 18 ⋅ 0.44 + 15 ⋅ 0.44 + 4 ⋅ 0.44 1
+ ( ) ⋅ = 0.102
210 0.804
Factor C 16
2 2 2
C 16 = C 1 ⋅ C 7 ⋅ C 12 + C 2 ⋅ C 8 ⋅ C 3 + C 3 ⋅ C 8 ⋅ C 2 − ( C 3
⋅ C 7 + C 8
⋅ C 1 + C 2
⋅ C 12 ) = 0.37 ⋅ 22.39
2 2 2
− (0.00598 ⋅ 22.39 + 2.704 ⋅ 0.37 + 0.1413 ⋅ 0.675) = 2.876
Factor C 17
1
2
C 17 = [ C 4 ⋅ C 7 ⋅ C 12 + C 2 ⋅ C 8 ⋅ C 13 + C 3 ⋅ C 8 ⋅ C 9 − ( C 13 ⋅ C 7 ⋅ C 3 + C 8
⋅ C 4 + C 12 ⋅ C 2 ⋅ C 9 )] ⋅
C 16
1
2
− (0.1728 ⋅ 22.39 ⋅ 0.00598 + 2.704 ⋅ 2.92 + 0.675 ⋅ 0.1413 ⋅ 2.299)] ⋅ = 7.87
2.876
Factor C 18
C 18 = [ C 5 ⋅ C 7 ⋅ C 12 + C 2 ⋅ C 8 ⋅ C 14 + C 3 ⋅ C 8 ⋅ C 10 − ( C 14 ⋅ C 7 ⋅ C 3 + C 2
8
⋅ C 5 + C 12 ⋅ C 2 ⋅ C 10 )]
1
⋅
C 16
1
2
− ((−0.1977) ⋅ 22.39 ⋅ 0.00598 + 2.704 ⋅ (−3.699) + 0.675 ⋅ 0.1413 ⋅ (−2.712))] ⋅ = −9.97
2.876
Factor C 19
2
C 19 = [ C 6 ⋅ C 7 ⋅ C 12 + C 2 ⋅ C 8 ⋅ C 15 + C 3 ⋅ C 8 ⋅ C 11 − ( C 15 ⋅ C 7 ⋅ C 3 + C 8
⋅ C 6 + C 12 ⋅ C 2 ⋅ C 11 )]
1
⋅
C 16
1
2
− (0.102 ⋅ 22.39 ⋅ 0.00598 + 2.704 ⋅ 1.253 + 0.675 ⋅ 0.1413 ⋅ 1.238)] ⋅ = 3.373
2.876
Factor C 20
1
2
C 20 = [ C 1 ⋅ C 9 ⋅ C 12 + C 4 ⋅ C 8 ⋅ C 3 + C 3 ⋅ C 13 ⋅ C 2 − ( C 3
⋅ C 9 + C 13 ⋅ C 8 ⋅ C 1 + C 12 ⋅ C 4 ⋅ C 2 )] ⋅
C 16
1
2
− (0.00598 ⋅ 2.299 + 0.1728 ⋅ 2.704 ⋅ 0.37 + 0.675 ⋅ 2.92 ⋅ 0.1413)] ⋅ = 0.0592
2.876
Factor C 21
2
C 21 = [ C 1 ⋅ C 10 ⋅ C 12 + C 5 ⋅ C 8 ⋅ C 3 + C 3 ⋅ C 14 ⋅ C 2 − ( C 3
⋅ C 10 + C 14 ⋅ C 8 ⋅ C 1 + C 12 ⋅ C 5 ⋅ C 2 )]
1
⋅
C 16
1
2
− (0.00598 ⋅ (−2.712) + (−0.1977) ⋅ 2.704 ⋅ 0.37 + 0.675 ⋅ (−3.699) ⋅ 0.1413)] ⋅ = −0.0649
2.876
Factor C 22
C 22 = [ C 1 ⋅ C 11 ⋅ C 12 + C 6 ⋅ C 8 ⋅ C 3 + C 3 ⋅ C 15 ⋅ C 2 − ( C 2
3
⋅ C 11 + C 15 ⋅ C 8 ⋅ C 1 + C 12 ⋅ C 6 ⋅ C 2 )]
1
⋅
C 16
1
2
− (0.00598 ⋅ 1.238 + 0.102 ⋅ 2.704 ⋅ 0.37 + 0.675 ⋅ 1.253 ⋅ 0.1413)] ⋅ = 0.03757
2.876
Factor C 23
1
2
C 23 = [ C 1 ⋅ C 7 ⋅ C 13 + C 2 ⋅ C 9 ⋅ C 3 + C 4 ⋅ C 8 ⋅ C 2 − ( C 3 ⋅ C 7 ⋅ C 4 + C 8 ⋅ C 9 ⋅ C 1 + C 2
⋅ C 13 )] ⋅
C 16
1
2
− (0.00598 ⋅ 22.39 ⋅ 2.92 + 2.704 ⋅ 2.299 ⋅ 0.37 + 0.1413 ⋅ 0.1728)] ⋅ = −0.0508
2.876
Factor C 24
1
2
C 24 = [ C 1 ⋅ C 7 ⋅ C 14 + C 2 ⋅ C 10 ⋅ C 3 + C 5 ⋅ C 8 ⋅ C 2 − ( C 3 ⋅ C 7 ⋅ C 5 + C 8 ⋅ C 10 ⋅ C 1 + C 2
⋅ C 14 )] ⋅
C 16
1
2
− (0.00598 ⋅ 22.39 ⋅ (−3.699) + 2.704 ⋅ (−2.712) ⋅ 0.37 + 0.1413 ⋅ (−0.1977))] ⋅ = 0.0556
2.876
Factor C 25
1
2
C 25 = [ C 1 ⋅ C 7 ⋅ C 15 + C 2 ⋅ C 11 ⋅ C 3 + C 6 ⋅ C 8 ⋅ C 2 − ( C 3 ⋅ C 7 ⋅ C 6 + C 8 ⋅ C 11 ⋅ C 1 + C 2
⋅ C 15 )] ⋅
C 16
1
2
− (0.00598 ⋅ 22.39 ⋅ 1.253 + 2.704 ⋅ 1.238 ⋅ 0.37 + 0.1413 ⋅ 0.102)] ⋅ = −0.02935
2.876
Factor C 26
1/4 1/4
C 0.804
C 26 = −( ) = −( ) = −0.67
4 4
Factor C 27
5 5
C 27 = C 20 − C 17 − + C 17 ⋅ C 26 = 0.0592 − 7.87 − + 7.87 ⋅ (−0.67) = −13.5
12 12
Factor C 28
1 1
C 28 = C 22 − C 19 − + C 19 ⋅ C 26 = 0.03757 − 3.373 − + 3.373 ⋅ (−0.67) = −5.68
12 12
Factor C 29
1/2 1/2
C 0.804
C 29 = −( ) = −( ) = −0.4484
4 4
Factor C 30
3/4 3/4
C 0.804
C 30 = −( ) = −( ) = −0.3003
4 4
Factor C 31
3 ⋅ A 3 ⋅ 0.44
C 31 = − C 17 ⋅ C 30 = − 7.87 ⋅ (−0.3003) = 3.023
2 2
Factor C 32
1 1
C 32 = − C 19 ⋅ C 30 = − 3.373 ⋅ (−0.3003) = 1.513
2 2
Factor C 33
C 26 ⋅ C 32 C 30 ⋅ C 28 (−0.67) ⋅ 1.513
C 33 = + C 28 ⋅ C 31 ⋅ C 29 − ( + C 32 ⋅ C 27 ⋅ C 29 ) = + (−5.68)
2 2 2
(−0.3003) ⋅ (−5.68)
⋅ 3.023 ⋅ (−0.4484) − ( + 1.513 ⋅ (−13.5) ⋅ (−0.4484)) = −2.819
2
Factor C 34
1 1
C 34 = + C 18 − C 21 − C 18 ⋅ C 26 = + (−9.97) − (−0.0649) − (−9.97) ⋅ (−0.67) = −16.5
12 12
Factor C 35
Factor C 36
1
C 36 = ( C 28 ⋅ C 35 ⋅ C 29 − C 32 ⋅ C 34 ⋅ C 29 ) ⋅
C 33
1
= ((−5.68) ⋅ 2.995 ⋅ (−0.4484) − 1.513 ⋅ (−16.5) ⋅ (−0.4484)) ⋅ = 1.267
(−2.819)
Factor C 37
C 26 ⋅ C 35 C 30 ⋅ C 34 1
C 37 = ( + C 34 ⋅ C 31 ⋅ C 29 − − C 35 ⋅ C 27 ⋅ C 29 ) ⋅
2 2 C 33
1
⋅ = −0.2719
(−2.819)
Factor E 1
Factor E 2
−0.0001873
Factor E 3
−0.00073
Factor E 4
3 + C 37 + 3 ⋅ C 36 2 ⋅ E 3 + 15 ⋅ E 2 + 10 ⋅ E 1 3 + (−0.2719) + 3 ⋅ 1.267
E 4 = − =
12 10 12
Factor E 5
3 + A 21 + 11 ⋅ A 3 + 2 ⋅ A 3 + 0.44
E 5 = E 1 ⋅ ( ) + E 2 ⋅ ( ) + E 3 ⋅ ( ) = (−0.919) ⋅ ( )
6 84 210 6
21 + 11 ⋅ 0.44 3 + 2 ⋅ 0.44
+ (−0.0001873) ⋅ ( ) + (−0.00073) ⋅ ( ) = −0.527
84 210
Factor E 6
7 A 3 ⋅ A 1 A 1 A 1
E 6 = E 5 − C 36 ⋅ ( + + ) − − − C 37 ⋅ ( + + ) = (−0.527)
120 36 C 40 72 60 120 C
7 0.44 3 ⋅ 0.44 1 0.44 1 0.44 1
− 1.267 ⋅ ( + + ) − − − (−0.2719) ⋅ ( + + ) =
120 36 0.804 40 72 60 120 0.804
−2.383
Factor βF L
3 + A 21 + 11 ⋅ A 3 + 2 ⋅ A 9 + 5 ⋅ A
C 18 ⋅ ( ) + C 21 ⋅ ( ) + C 24 ⋅ ( ) − ( )
6 84 210 360
βF L = −
1/4 3
=
C (1 + A)
[ ] ⋅
3 ⋅ (1 − ν 2
) C
3 + 0.44 21 + 11 ⋅ 0.44 3 + 2 ⋅ 0.44
(−9.97) ⋅ ( ) + (−0.0649) ⋅ ( ) + 0.0556 ⋅ ( )
6 84 210
9 + 5 ⋅ 0.44
− ( )
360
− = 2.109
1/4
3
0.804 (1 + 0.44)
[ ] ⋅
2
3 ⋅ (1 − 0.3 ) 0.804
Factor βV L
1 C 24 3 ⋅ C 21 1 0.0556 3 ⋅ (−0.0649)
− − − C 18 − − − (−9.97)
4 5 2 4 5 2
βV L = =
1/4
= 2.544
1/4
3 ⋅ (1 − ν 2
) 3 3 ⋅ (1 − 0.3 )
2
[ ] ⋅ (1 + A) [ ] ⋅ (1 + 0.44)
3
C 0.804
Factor λ
3
e ⋅ βF L + l 0 e 3
⋅ βV L 70 ⋅ 2.109 + 111.3 70 ⋅ 2.544
λ=( +
2
) = ( + ) = 6.29
βT ⋅ l 0 βU ⋅ l 0 ⋅ g 0
1.822 ⋅ 111.3 10.01 ⋅ 111.3 ⋅ 12.5
2
Stress factor
k=1
Requirements
k ⋅ σHA ≤ 1.5 ⋅ fd → 55.3 ≤ 260
Does suit.
k ⋅ σ rA ≤ fd → 10.13 ≤ 173.3
Does suit.
k ⋅ σθ A ≤ fd → 162 ≤ 173.3
Does suit.
Does suit.
Does suit.
k ⋅ σrop ≤ fd → 7 ≤ 173.3
Does suit.
Does suit.
Does suit.
Does suit.
Does suit.
Does suit.
Does suit.
Does suit.
0.5 ⋅ k ⋅ (σHtest + σθtest ) ≤ ftest → 112.7 ≤ 247.6
Does suit.