E Eng-Calculations

Nozzles which encroach into the knuckle

region for Kloepper type end
en

hi
R

Di
De
Torispherical end

Values for calculation

Material

bar/EN 10273/P355GH/1.0473/N/1.2/≤ 16

Production according to temperature

hot

Seamless product

no

Calculation temperature

T 20 °C

Test temperature
 Ttest 20 °C

Calculation pressure

P 0.66 MPa

Test pressure

Ptest 0.9 MPa

Inside diameter of the cylindrical flange

Di 600 mm

Outside diameter of the cylindrical flange

De 620 mm

Inside diameter of the nozzle

di 200 mm

Testing group

Joint coefficient

z 1

0.2 % proof strength at temperature T

Rp 0.2/ T 355 MPa

0.2 % proof strength at temperature Ttest

Rp 0.2/ Ttest 355 MPa

1.0 % proof strength at temperature T

Rp 1.0/ T MPa

1.0 % proof strength at temperature Ttest

Rp 1.0/ Ttest MPa

Tensile strength

Rm /20 510 MPa

Tensile strength at temperature T

Rm / T 510 MPa

Tensile strength at temperature Ttest

Rm / Ttest 510 MPa

Calculation
Maximum value of the nominal design stress for normal
operating load cases
Rp 0.2/ T Rm /20 355 510
fd = min ( , ) = min ( , ) = 212.5MPa
1.5 2.4 1.5 2.4

Maximum value of the nominal design stress for testing

load cases
Rp 0.2/ Ttest 355
ftest = = = 338.1MPa
1.05 1.05

Design stress for buckling formula for normal operating

load cases
Rp 0.2/ T 355
fb = = = 236.7MPa
1.5 1.5

Design stress for buckling formula for testing load cases

Rp 0.2/ T 355
fbtest = = = 338.1MPa
1.05 1.05

Inside radius of curvature of a knuckle

r = 0.1 ⋅ De = 0.1 ⋅ 620 = 62mm

Inside spherical radius of central part of torispherical end

R = 620mm
Required thickness of end to limit membrane stress in
central part
P ⋅R 0.66 ⋅ 620
es = = = 0.964mm
2 ⋅ fd ⋅ z − 0.5 ⋅ P 2 ⋅ 212.5 ⋅ 1 − 0.5 ⋅ 0.66

Required thickness of end to limit membrane stress in

central part for testing load cases
Ptest ⋅ R 0.9 ⋅ 620
estest = = = 0.826mm
2 ⋅ ftest − 0.5 ⋅ Ptest 2 ⋅ 338.1 − 0.5 ⋅ 0.9

Required thickness of knuckle to avoid plastic buckling

1
( )
0.825
1.5
⎡ P Di ⎤
eb = (0.75 ⋅ R + 0.2 ⋅ Di ) ⋅ ⋅ ( )
⎣ 111 ⋅ fb r ⎦

1
( )
0.825
⎡ ⎤ 1.5
0.66 600
= (0.75 ⋅ 620 + 0.2 ⋅ 600) ⋅ ⋅ ( )
⎣ 111 ⋅ 236.7 62 ⎦

= 1.749mm

Required thickness of knuckle to avoid plastic buckling for

testing load cases
1
( )
0.825
1.5
⎡ Ptest Di ⎤
ebtest = (0.75 ⋅ R + 0.2 ⋅ Di ) ⋅ ⋅ ( )
⎣ 111 ⋅ fbtest r ⎦

1
( )
0.825
⎡ ⎤ 1.5
0.9 600
= (0.75 ⋅ 620 + 0.2 ⋅ 600) ⋅ ⋅ ( )
⎣ 111 ⋅ 338.1 62 ⎦

= 1.695mm

Parameter Y
Y = min ( / e R, 0.04) = min (3.134/620, 0.04) = 0.00505

Parameter Z
Z = log
10
(1/ Y ) = log 10
(1/0.00505) = 2.296

Ratio of knuckle inside radius to shell inside diameter

 X = r/ D i = 62/600 = 0.1033

Parameter N
1 1
N = 1.006 −
4
= 1.006 −
4
6.2 + (90 ⋅ Y) 6.2 + (90 ⋅ 0.00505)

= 0.846

Factor β 0.06

3 2
β 0.06
= N ⋅ (−0.3635 ⋅ Z + 2.2124 ⋅ Z − 3.2937 ⋅ Z + 1.8873)
= 0.846

3 2
⋅ (−0.3635 ⋅ 2.296 + 2.2124 ⋅ 2.296 − 3.2937 ⋅ 2.296 + 1.8873)

= 1.344

Factor β 0.1

3 2
β 0.1
= N ⋅ (−0.1833 ⋅ Z + 1.0383 ⋅ Z − 1.2943 ⋅ Z + 0.837) = 0.846
3 2
⋅ (−0.1833 ⋅ 2.296 + 1.0383 ⋅ 2.296 − 1.2943 ⋅ 2.296 + 0.837)

= 0.948

Factor β 0.2

2
β 0.2
= max {0.95 ⋅ (0.56 − 1.94 ⋅ Y − 82.5 ⋅ Y ) , 0.5} =

2
max {0.95 ⋅ (0.56 − 1.94 ⋅ 0.00505 − 82.5 ⋅ 0.00505 ) , 0.5} = 0.521

Factor β
β = 10 ⋅ {(0.2 − X) ⋅ β 0.1
+ ( X − 0.1) ⋅ β 0.2
} = 10

⋅ {(0.2 − 0.1033) ⋅ 0.948 + (0.1033 − 0.1) ⋅ 0.521} = 0.933

Parameter V
P 0.66
V = log10 (1000 ⋅ ) = log10 (1000 ⋅ ) = 0.4922
fd 212.5

Parameter Vtest
Ptest 0.9
Vtest = log
10
(1000 ⋅ ) = log
10
(1000 ⋅ ) = 0.4252
ftest 338.1

Parameter A
 2 3
A = max (0.5, 0.264 + 0.938 ⋅ V − 0.592 ⋅ V + 0.14 ⋅ V ) =

2 3
max (0.5, 0.264 + 0.938 ⋅ 0.4922 − 0.592 ⋅ 0.4922 + 0.14 ⋅ 0.4922 )

= 0.599

Parameter Atest
3
Atest = max (0.5, 0.264 + 0.938 ⋅ Vtest − 0.592 ⋅ Vtest + 0.14 ⋅ Vtest ) =
2

2 3
max (0.5, 0.264 + 0.938 ⋅ 0.4252 − 0.592 ⋅ 0.4252 + 0.14 ⋅ 0.4252 )

= 0.567

Parameter B
2
B = min (4.2, 4.9 − 2.165 ⋅ V + 0.151 ⋅ V ) =

2
min (4.2, 4.9 − 2.165 ⋅ 0.4922 + 0.151 ⋅ 0.4922 ) = 3.871

Parameter Btest
Btest = min (4.2, 4.9 − 2.165 ⋅ Vtest + 0.151 ⋅ Vtest ) = 2

2
min (4.2, 4.9 − 2.165 ⋅ 0.4252 + 0.151 ⋅ 0.4252 ) = 4.007

Weakening factor due to presence of nozzle

di di
βK = max ( A+B⋅ , 1 + 0.3 ⋅ B⋅ ) =
De De
200 200
max (0.599 + 3.871 ⋅ , 1 + 0.3 ⋅ 3.871 ⋅ ) = 1.848
620 620

Weakening factor due to presence of nozzle for testing

load cases
di di
βKtest = max ( Atest + Btest ⋅ , 1 + 0.3 ⋅ Btest ⋅ ) =
De De
200 200
max (0.567 + 4.007 ⋅ , 1 + 0.3 ⋅ 4.007 ⋅ ) = 1.859
620 620

Required thickness of knuckle to avoid axisymmetric

yielding
 β ⋅ P ⋅ βK ⋅ (0.75 ⋅ R + 0.2 ⋅ Di )
ey =
fd
0.933 ⋅ 0.66 ⋅ 1.848 ⋅ (0.75 ⋅ 620 + 0.2 ⋅ 600)
= = 3.134mm
212.5

Required thickness of knuckle to avoid axisymmetric

yielding for testing load cases
β ⋅ Ptest ⋅ βKtest ⋅ (0.75 ⋅ R + 0.2 ⋅ Di )
eytest =
ftest
0.933 ⋅ 0.9 ⋅ 1.859 ⋅ (0.75 ⋅ 620 + 0.2 ⋅ 600)
= = 2.702mm
338.1

Required thickness
e = max (es , estest , ey , eytest , eb , ebtest ) =
max (0.964, 0.826, 3.134, 2.702, 1.749, 1.695) = 3.134mm

Inside height of end measured from the tangent line

hi = R − √(R − Di /2) ⋅ (R + Di /2 − 2 ⋅ r) = 620

− √(620 − 600/2) ⋅ (620 + 600/2 − 2 ⋅ 62) = 115.3mm

Requirements
di / D e ≤ 0.6 → 0.3226 ≤ 0.6

 Does suit.