Aerodynamic Noise - IEC 60534-8-3 Ed: 3.

0 TAG: IEC Example 6 US Units

Mass Flow
Process Parameters Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4
Mass flow lbm/h m_dot 7063.20 7063.20 7063.20 7063.20
Inlet pressure psiA P_1 145.038 145.038 145.038 145.038
Inlet temperature F T_1 350.6 350.6 350.6 350.6
Pressure drop psi DELTA_P 137.786 137.786 137.786 137.786
Inlet density lbm/ft3 RHO_1 0.331 0.331 0.331 0.331
Molecular mass M_ 19.8 =========> =========> =========>
Specific heat ratio (g) GAMMA 1.22 =========> =========> =========>
Pipe/Valve Parameters
Flow coefficient (Kv or Cv) Cv C_ 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00
Liquid pressure recovery factor F_L 0.804 0.804 0.804 0.804
Valve style modifier F_D 0.296 0.296 0.296 0.296
Valve correction - accoustic efficiency, Ah A_ETA -3.8 =========> =========> =========>
Strouhal number (peak) St_P 0.2 =========> =========> =========>
Valve inlet internal diameter inch D_Vi 3.94 =========> =========> =========>
Valve outlet internal diameter inch D_Vo 3.94 =========> =========> =========>
Inlet pipe internal diameter inch D_1 5.9 =========> =========> =========>
Outlet pipe internal diameter inch D_2 5.9 =========> =========> =========>
Outlet pipe wall thickness inch T_S 0.315 =========> =========> =========>
Speed of sound in pipe* ft/s C_S 16404 =========> =========> =========>
Density of pipe material** lbm/ft3 RHO_S 499.4 =========> =========> =========>
Contraction coeff. for valve outlet or expander inlet*** BETA 0.93 =========> =========> =========>
Actual atmospheric pressure outside pipe psiA p_a 14.696 =========> =========> =========>
Calculated results
Outlet velocity Mach 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89
Sound pressure level dB(A) 93.3 93.3 93.3 93.3

Data input
Final results
Auto filled based on Flag #
Calculations based on IEC 60534-8-3 Edition 3.0

Lines 6 through 34, Columns D through G are automatically flled trom the UI (User Interface) tab

Process Parameters Units Name Case 1 Case 2 Case 3

Flow kg/s m_dot..D 0.890 0.890 0.890
Inlet pressure Pa P_1..D 1000002 1000002 1000002
Inlet temperature K T_1..D 450.15 450.15 450.15
Outlet pressure Pa P_2..D 50001 50001 50001
Inlet density kg/m3 RHO_1..D 5.302 5.302 5.302
Molecular mass M_..D 19.8 19.8 19.8
Specific heat ratio (g) GAMMA..D 1.22 1.22 1.22
Pipe/Valve Parameters
Flow coefficient (Kv or Cv) Cv C_..D 30 30 30
Valve style modifier F_D..D 0.296 0.296 0.296
Valve correction - accoustic efficiency, Ah A_ETA..D -3.8 -3.8 -3.8
Strouhal number (peak) St_P..D 0.2 0.2 0.2
Valve outlet internatl diameter m D_Vo..D 0.10 0.10 0.10
Outlet pipe internal diameter m D_2..D 0.15 0.15 0.15

Outlet pipe wall thickness m T_S..D 0.0080 0.0080 0.0080

Speed of sound in pipe m/s C_S..D 5000 5000 5000
Density of pipe material kg/m3 RHO_S..D 8000 8000 8000
Beta (β) BETA..D 0.93 0.93 0.93
Valve outlet temperature (assumed = Inlet temp) K T_2..D 450.15 450.15 450.15
Smaller of valve outlet or expander inlet IDs m D_ViS..D 0.10 0.10 0.10
External speed of sound (atmospheric) m/s c_a..D 343 343 343
Actual atmospheric pressure outside pipe Pa p_a..D 101325 101325 101325
Reducer corrected Recovery factor. F_LP F_LP..D 0.803 0.803 0.803
Piping geometry factor, F_P F_P..D 0.999 0.999 0.999
Universal gas constant J/kmol × K R_..D 8314 8314 8314
N14 N14..D 0.0046 0.0046 0.0046
N16 (Only used with multistage valves) 48900 48900 48900

Structural loss factor reference frequency Hz f_s..D 1 1 1

Standard atmoshperic pressure Ps p_s..D 101325 101325 101325

Auto filled based on Flag IEC_6

nterface) tab
DESCRIPTION OF VARIABLE
Case 4 CALCULATED IN COLUMN "K" Eqn. #
0.890
1000002 Differential Pressure ratio 1
450.15 Absolute VC pressure at subsonic conditions 2
50001 VC diff. pressure ratio @ critical flow cond. 3
5.302 Diff press. ratio at critical flow conditions 4
19.8 Recovery correction factor α 5
1.22 Differential pressure ratio at break point 6
DP ratio where const acoustical efficiency begins 7
30 Regime definition
0.296 Valve style modifier 8a
-3.8 Jet Diameter 9
0.2 Mach Number at - Regime I Only Table 3
0.10 Freely expanded jet Mach # in regimes II, III, IV Table 3
0.15 Freely expanded jet Mach number in regime V Table 3
Absolute Temp at VC at subsonic flow conditions Table 3
Absolute Temperature at VC at critical flow cond. Table 3
0.0080 Speed of sound at VC at subsonic flow conditions Table 3
5000 Speed of sound at VC at critical flow conditions Table 3
8000 Acoustical eff. factor for noise created by valve flow, η Table 3
0.93 Generated peak frequency Table 3
450.15 Stream power of mass flow Table 3
0.10 Sound Power for noise propagating downstream 11
343 Outlet density 13
101325 Speed of sound at downstream conditions 14
0.803 Mach number at valve outlet 15
0.999 Mach number in downstream pipe ( limited to 0.3 for calculating L_g) 17
8314 Correction for Mach number 16
0.0046 Overall internal sound-pressure level 18
48900 Frequency dependent internal sound pressure level 19
(third octave bands)
1
101325
Eqns. 34 through 43 apply only when MO > 0.3
Gas velocity in downstream pipe 34
Gas velocity in the inlet diameter of expander 35
Converted stream power in the expander 36
Peak frequency in valve outlet or reduced diameter of expander 37
Mach number in the entrance to expander 39
Acoustical eff. factor for noise created by outlet flow in expander 38
Sound power for noise generated by the outlet flow and propagating downstream 40
Overall internal SPL at pipe wall for noise created by outlet flow in expander 41
Frequency dependent internal SPL at pipe wall flow in expander 42
Combined internal sound-pressure level at pipe wall, caused by valve 43
trim and expander (third octave bands: 12.5 Hz - 20,000 Hz)
Ring frequency 21
Internal coincidence pipe frequency 22
External coincidence frequency 23
Frequency factor (3rd octave bands: 12.5 Hz - 20,000 Hz) Table 6

Frequency factor (3rd octave bands: 12.5 Hz - 20,000 Hz) Table 6

Frequency-dependent structural loss factor third 20c
octave bands: 12.5 Hz - 20,000 Hz)
Damping factor for transmission loss, ΔTL 20b
Frequency dependent transmission loss 3rd octave bands: 20a
12.5 Hz - 20,000 Hz)

Frequency dependent external sound-pressure level 24

(third octave bands: 12.5 Hz - 20,000 Hz)
Summation of L_pe,1m(f_i) and DLA(fi),1m(f_i) and DLA(fi) 25

Equation (25) has been divided into two parts.

This section calculates the portion shown in the red box below.
In the section below the quantities in this section are added
logarithmically and converted to dB(A)
A-weighted overall SPL 1 m from pipe wall 25
NAME OF VARIABLE
CALCULATED IN COLUMN "K" Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4

x 0.950 0.950 0.950 0.950

p_vc..K -470605 -470605 -470605 -470605
x_vcc..K 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439
x_c..K 0.2838 0.284 0.284 0.284
ALPHA..K 0.783 0.783 0.783 0.783
x_B..K 0.576 0.576 0.576 0.576
x_CE..K 0.942 0.942 0.942 0.942
Regime..K Regime V Regime V Regime V Regime V
F_d..K 0.296 0.296 0.296 0.296
D_ j..K 0.00669 0.00669 0.00669 0.00669
M_vc..K Regime I only Regime I only Regime I only Regime I only
M_j..K Regimes II-IV onlyRegimes II-IV onlyRegimes II-IV onlyRegimes II-IV only
M_j5..K 2.604 2.604 2.604 2.604
T_vc..K Regime I only Regime I only Regime I only Regime I only
T_vcc..K 405.54 405.54 405.54 405.54
c_vc..K Regime I only Regime I only Regime I only Regime I only
c_vcc 455.3 455.3 455.3 455.3
K24 2.356E-03 2.356E-03 2.356E-03 2.356E-03
f_p..K 7929 7929 7929 7929
W_m..K 92242 92242 92242 92242
W_a..K 217.295 217.3 217.3 217
RHO_2..K 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27
c_2..K 480.21 480.21 480.21 480.21
M_o..K 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89
M_2..K 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
L_g..K 2.48 2.48 2.48 2.48
L_pi..K 158.4 158.4 158.4 158.4
L_pi_f_i 107.9 107.9 108 108
2 110 110 110 110
3 111 111 111 111
4 113 113 113 113
5 115 115 115 115
6 116.5 116.5 116 116
7 118 118 118 118
8 120 120 120 120
9 122 122 122 122
10 123 123 123 123
11 125 125 125 125
12 127 127 127 127
13 128 128 128 128
 14 130 130 130 130
15 132 132 132 132
16 133 133 133 133
17 135 135 135 135
18 137 137 137 137
19 138 138 138 138
20 140 140 140 140
21 141 141 141 141
22 143 143 143 143
23 144 144 144 144
24 145 145 145 145
25 146 146 146 146
26 147 147 147 147
27 148 148 148 148
28 148 148 148 148
29 149 149 149 149
30 148 148 148 148
31 148 148 148 148
32 147 147 147 147
33 146 146 146 146

U_p..K 190.3 190.3 190.3 190.3

U_R 458.9 458.9 458.9 458.9
W_mR..K 47506 47506 47506 47506
f_pR..K 917 917 917 917
M_R..K 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96
etta_r..K 1.38E-04 1.38E-04 1.38E-04 1.38E-04
W_Ar..K 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6
L_piR..K 143 143 143 143
L_piR_f_i 109 109 109 109
2 110 110 110 110
3 112 112 112 112
4 114 114 114 114
5 115 115 115 115
6 117 117 117 117
7 119 119 119 119
8 120 120 120 120
9 122 122 122 122
10 124 124 124 124
11 125 125 125 125
12 127 127 127 127
13 128 128 128 128
14 129 129 129 129
15 131 131 131 131
16 132 132 132 132
17 132 132 132 132
18 133 133 133 133
 19 133 133 133 133
20 133 133 133 133
21 133 133 133 133
22 132 132 132 132
23 131 131 131 131
24 130 130 130 130
25 128 128 128 128
26 126 126 126 126
27 124 124 124 124
28 122 122 122 122
29 119 119 119 119
30 117 117 117 117
31 114 114 114 114
32 112 112 112 112
33 109 109 109 109
L_piS_f_i 111 111 111 111
2 113 113 113 113
3 115 115 115 115
4 116 116 116 116
5 118 118 118 118
6 120 120 120 120
7 121 121 121 121
8 123 123 123 123
9 125 125 125 125
10 126 126 126 126
11 128 128 128 128
12 130 130 130 130
13 131 131 131 131
14 133 133 133 133
15 134 134 134 134
16 136 136 136 136
17 137 137 137 137
18 138 138 138 138
19 140 140 140 140
20 141 141 141 141
21 142 142 142 142
22 143 143 143 143
23 144 144 144 144
24 145 145 145 145
25 146 146 146 146
26 147 147 147 147
27 148 148 148 148
28 148 148 148 148
29 149 149 149 149
30 148 148 148 148
31 148 148 148 148
32 147 147 147 147
 33 146 146 146 146
f_r..K 10620 10620 10620 10620
f_o..K 3717 3717 3717 3717
f_g..K 1621 1621 1621 1621
G_x_f_i 6.4E-11 6.4E-11 6.4E-11 6.4E-11
2 1.7E-10 1.7E-10 1.7E-10 1.7E-10
3 4.2E-10 4.2E-10 4.2E-10 4.2E-10
4 1.0E-09 1.0E-09 1.0E-09 1.0E-09
5 2.6E-09 2.6E-09 2.6E-09 2.6E-09
6 6.7E-09 6.7E-09 6.7E-09 6.7E-09
7 1.6E-08 1.6E-08 1.6E-08 1.6E-08
8 4.1E-08 4.1E-08 4.1E-08 4.1E-08
9 1.1E-07 1.1E-07 1.1E-07 1.1E-07
10 2.6E-07 2.6E-07 2.6E-07 2.6E-07
11 6.4E-07 6.4E-07 6.4E-07 6.4E-07
12 1.7E-06 1.7E-06 1.7E-06 1.7E-06
13 4.2E-06 4.2E-06 4.2E-06 4.2E-06
14 1.0E-05 1.0E-05 1.0E-05 1.0E-05
15 2.6E-05 2.6E-05 2.6E-05 2.6E-05
16 6.7E-05 6.7E-05 6.7E-05 6.7E-05
17 1.6E-04 1.6E-04 1.6E-04 1.6E-04
18 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004
19 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011
20 0.0026 0.0026 0.0026 0.0026
21 0.0064 0.0064 0.0064 0.0064
22 0.0170 0.0170 0.0170 0.0170
23 0.0416 0.0416 0.0416 0.0416
24 0.1016 0.1016 0.1016 0.1016
25 0.2561 0.2561 0.2561 0.2561
26 0.6137 0.6137 0.6137 0.6137
27 0.6862 0.6862 0.6862 0.6862
28 0.7702 0.7702 0.7702 0.7702
29 0.8679 0.8679 0.8679 0.8679
30 0.9704 0.9704 0.9704 0.9704
31 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
32 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
33 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
G_y_f_i 1 1 1 1
2 1 1 1 1
3 1 1 1 1
4 1 1 1 1
5 1 1 1 1
6 1 1 1 1
7 1 1 1 1
8 1 1 1 1
9 1 1 1 1
10 1 1 1 1
 11 1 1 1 1
12 1 1 1 1
13 1 1 1 1
14 1 1 1 1
15 1 1 1 1
16 1 1 1 1
17 1 1 1 1
18 1 1 1 1
19 1 1 1 1
20 1 1 1 1
21 1 1 1 1
22 1 1 1 1
23 1 1 1 1
24 1 1 1 1
25 1 1 1 1
26 1 1 1 1
27 1 1 1 1
28 1 1 1 1
29 1 1 1 1
30 1 1 1 1
31 1 1 1 1
32 1 1 1 1
33 1 1 1 1
η_s_f_i 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.028
2 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025
3 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022
4 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020
5 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018
6 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016
7 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014
8 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013
9 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011
10 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
11 0.0089 0.0089 0.0089 0.0089
12 0.0079 0.0079 0.0079 0.0079
13 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071
14 0.0063 0.0063 0.0063 0.0063
15 0.0056 0.0056 0.0056 0.0056
16 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050
17 0.0045 0.0045 0.0045 0.0045
18 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040
19 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035
20 0.0032 0.0032 0.0032 0.0032
21 0.0028 0.0028 0.0028 0.0028
22 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025
23 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022
24 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020
 25 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018
26 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016
27 0.0014 0.0014 0.0014 0.0014
28 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013
29 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011
30 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010
31 8.9E-04 8.9E-04 8.9E-04 8.9E-04
32 7.9E-04 7.9E-04 7.9E-04 7.9E-04
33 7.1E-04 7.1E-04 7.1E-04 7.1E-04
DeltaTL..K 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
TL_f_i -92.89 -92.89 -92.89 -92.89
2 -90.86 -90.86 -90.86 -90.86
3 -89.04 -89.04 -89.04 -89.04
4 -87.23 -87.23 -87.23 -87.23
5 -85.36 -85.36 -85.36 -85.36
6 -83.45 -83.45 -83.45 -83.45
7 -81.67 -81.67 -81.67 -81.67
8 -79.84 -79.84 -79.84 -79.84
9 -77.96 -77.96 -77.96 -77.96
10 -76.23 -76.23 -76.23 -76.23
11 -74.50 -74.50 -74.50 -74.50
12 -72.61 -72.61 -72.61 -72.61
13 -70.91 -70.91 -70.91 -70.91
14 -69.23 -69.23 -69.23 -69.23
15 -67.50 -67.50 -67.50 -67.50
16 -65.73 -65.73 -65.73 -65.73
17 -64.08 -64.08 -64.08 -64.08
18 -62.40 -62.40 -62.40 -62.40
19 -60.66 -60.66 -60.66 -60.66
20 -59.06 -59.06 -59.06 -59.06
21 -57.47 -57.47 -57.47 -57.47
22 -55.72 -55.72 -55.72 -55.72
23 -54.15 -54.15 -54.15 -54.15
24 -52.59 -52.59 -52.59 -52.59
25 -50.98 -50.98 -50.98 -50.98
26 -49.68 -49.68 -49.68 -49.68
27 -51.54 -51.54 -51.54 -51.54
28 -53.47 -53.47 -53.47 -53.47
29 -55.47 -55.47 -55.47 -55.47
30 -57.35 -57.35 -57.35 -57.35
31 -59.59 -59.59 -59.59 -59.59
32 -62.21 -62.21 -62.21 -62.21
33 -64.59 -64.59 -64.59 -64.59
L_pe_1m_f_i 7.25 7.25 7.25 7.25
2 11.10 11.10 11.10 11.10
3 14.56 14.56 14.56 14.56
4 18.02 18.02 18.02 18.02
 5 21.58 21.58 21.58 21.58
6 25.25 25.25 25.25 25.25
7 28.66 28.66 28.66 28.66
8 32.17 32.17 32.17 32.17
9 35.77 35.77 35.77 35.77
10 39.10 39.10 39.10 39.10
11 42.40 42.40 42.40 42.40
12 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00
13 49.20 49.20 49.20 49.20
14 52.33 52.33 52.33 52.33
15 55.52 55.52 55.52 55.52
16 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73
17 61.66 61.66 61.66 61.66
18 64.65 64.65 64.65 64.65
19 67.70 67.70 67.70 67.70
20 70.52 70.52 70.52 70.52
21 73.32 73.32 73.32 73.32
22 76.38 76.38 76.38 76.38
23 79.10 79.10 79.10 79.10
24 81.73 81.73 81.73 81.73
25 84.35 84.35 84.35 84.35
26 86.51 86.51 86.51 86.51
27 85.28 85.28 85.28 85.28
28 83.78 83.78 83.78 83.78
29 81.94 81.94 81.94 81.94
30 79.92 79.92 79.92 79.92
31 77.21 77.21 77.21 77.21
32 73.62 73.62 73.62 73.62
33 69.97 69.97 69.97 69.97

L_pe_fi_plus_delta_LA_fi 2.4E-06 2.4E-06 2.4E-06 2.4E-06

16 2.8E-05 2.8E-05 2.8E-05 2.8E-05
20 2.5E-04 2.5E-04 2.5E-04 2.5E-04
25 0.002 0.002 2.1E-03 2.1E-03
31.5 0.017 0.017 1.7E-02 1.7E-02
40 0.116 0.116 1.2E-01 1.2E-01
50 0.701 0.701 7.0E-01 7.0E-01
63 3.951 3.951 4.0E+00 4.0E+00
80 21.216 21.216 2.1E+01 2.1E+01
100 100 100 100 100
125 426 426 426 426
160 1818 1818 1818 1818
200 6753 6753 6753 6753
250 23626 23626 23626 23626
315 77896 77896 77896 77896
400 247041 247041 247041 247041
 500 702171 702171 702171 702171
630 1884868 1884868 1884868 1884868
800 4898077 4898077 4898077 4898077
1000 11271425 11271425 11271425 11271425
1250 24642580 24642580 24642580 24642580
1600 54674056 54674056 54674056 54674056
2000 107036330 107036330 107036330 107036330
2500 201135315 201135315 201135315 201135315
3150 358570884 358570884 358570884 358570884
4000 564092939 564092939 564092939 564092939
5000 378600885 378600885 378600885 378600885
6300 233119534 233119534 233119534 233119534
8000 121261208 121261208 121261208 121261208
10000 55189521 55189521 55189521 55189521
12500 19526763 19526763 19526763 19526763
16000 5032747 5032747 5032747 5032747
20000 1165915 1165915 1165915 1165915

L_pAe_1m..K 93.311 93.311 93.311 93.311

 does not have any dependents

es II-IV only

does not have any dependents

Table_5 Indexed Table_7 - "A" weighting

Frequency bands factor at frequency fi
Index Frequency fi
number fi (Hz) ΔLA(fi)
1 12.5 12.5 -63.4
2 16 16 -56.7
3 20 20 -50.5
4 25 25 -44.7
5 31.5 31.5 -39.4
6 40 40 -34.6
7 50 50 -30.2
8 63 63 -26.2
9 80 80 -22.5
 10 100 100 -19.1
11 125 125 -16.1
12 160 160 -13.4
13 200 200 -10.9
14 250 250 -8.6
15 315 315 -6.6
16 400 400 -4.8
17 500 500 -3.2
18 630 630 -1.9
19 800 800 -0.8
20 1000 1000 0
21 1250 1250 0.6
22 1600 1600 1
23 2000 2000 1.2
24 2500 2500 1.3
25 3150 3150 1.2
26 4000 4000 1
27 5000 5000 0.5
28 6300 6300 -0.1
29 8000 8000 -1.1
30 10000 10000 -2.5
31 12500 12500 -4.3
32 16000 16000 -6.6
33 20000 20000 -9.3

If you are trying to compare the Annex A Example 6

(where the valve outlet Mach number is greater that 0.3)
calculations with this worksheet be aware that the
value shown in Annex A for Equation 38 was based
on an old equation from the 2nd edition of the standard
and thus the values in the annex for Equation 38 and many
subsequent calculations are incorrect.

The correct equation is shown in the Standard and in Annex A,

but the calculated value shown in Annex A for Equatin 38 is incorrect,
being the result of using the wrong equation in the calculation.

Equation 38 is only applicable when the valve outlet Mach number

is greater than 0.3. In all other cases it is not used.
The IEC Aerodynamic noise calculation requires both the gas inlet density and the gas molecular mass.
For many gasses both of these will be known or can be found in tables. In some cases only one of these
properties may be known.
In some cases, the specific gravity of the gas may be given instead of the molecular mass.
All of the above properties are related and if one is known the others can be determined by simple
calculations.
Below are calculations that can be used if one of the required properties is not available.
Assuming that if either density or molecular mass has been given, (except for the conversion
from specific gravity to molecular mass) no imputs are required on this tab with the exception
of the optonal entry of the gas compressibility factor, all necessary inputs have been imported
from the "Conversion from user interface units to Units required by the IEC Standard" table
on the "UI" (User Interface) tab.
Conversion from specific gravity to Molecular Mass: Case 1 Case 2 Case 3
Specific gravity G_ 0.684 ======> ======>
Molecular Mass 19.82 ======> ======>

Conversion from Molecular Mass, Inlet Pressure and Temperature given on the UI tab to Density
Compressibility factor (Z)* Z_ 1.00 1.00 1.00
Density (kg/m3) 5.291 5.291 5.291
Density (lbm/ft3) 0.330 0.330 0.330

Conversion from Density, Inlet Pressure and Temperature given on the UI tab to Molecular Mass
Compressibility factor (Z)* 1.00 1.00 1.00
Molecular mass 19.84 19.84 19.84

Data input
Final results
*Use 1.0 if compressibility factor is unknown or if given density is known to include "real" gas information.

INPUT1D INPUT2D INPUT3D

1006836.391 1006836.391 1006836

INPUT1M INPUT2M INPUT3M

16831.45685 16831.45685 16831.46
 The Gas Compressibility Factor

This equation, found in many references including the Crane book Flow of Fluids, uses
pressure (P), temperature (T), the molecular mass (M) of the gas, the universal gas
constant (R), which depends on the units used, and the compressibility factor (Z) of the
gas to calculate the density of a gas.

The compressibility factor is included to correct what would otherwise be the density of
an "Ideal gas." An ideal gas is one where there is no interaction between gas molecules,
Case 4 which in many cases there may be. It turns out that many of the gasses used in industrial
======> processes, at the pressures and temperatures they are often used, have minimal
======> interaction between molecules, so assuming the Ideal gas equation (the above equation
where Z equals 1.0) is often satisfactory for control valve sizing purposes.

1.00 Entering a value of 1.0 for Z causes the equation shown above to yield a density for an
5.291 “ideal gas.” If Z is known, adding its actual value to the above equation yields the density
0.330 of a “real” gas.

1.00
19.84

gas information.

INPUT4D
1006836

INPUT4M
16831.46
of Fluids, uses
iversal gas
actor (Z) of the

e the density of
gas molecules,
used in industrial
minimal
above equation
s.

density for an
ields the density