Assignment 2

Discussion
 1st QUESTION
Water injection at constant rate 1000 B/D/well
with a direct-line drive pattern have fluid and rock properties as follows
Ø = 0.18; Swc = 0.20; Sor = 0.20; μo = 5 cP; μw = 0.5 cP; kro and krw (use data from
assignment 1)
And the geometry of injection data:
• Dip angle = 0
• Reservoir thickness = 40 ft
• Distance between injection wells = 625 ft
• Distance between injection and production well = 2000 ft
 1st QUESTION
Assume diffused flow condition and injection begins at the
same time with oil producing from reservoir,

calculate:

a. BT (breakthrough) time.

b. Cumulative oil production as a function of cumulative

water injection and time.
ROCK RELATIVE PERMEABILITY FUNCTIONS FOR WATER AND OIL
STEP 1 STEP 2
1
fw = Plot Sw vs fw
 w k ro
1+
k rw  o
 Fractional Flow (fw)
No. Sw krw kro kro/krw w/o = 0.1

1 0.200 0.000 0.800  0

2 0.250 0.002 0.610 305.000 0.0317
3 0.300 0.009 0.470 52.222 0.1607
4 0.350 0.020 0.370 18.500 0.3509
5 0.400 0.033 0.285 8.636 0.5366
6 0.450 0.051 0.220 4.314 0.6986
7 0.500 0.075 0.163 2.173 0.8215
8 0.550 0.100 0.120 1.200 0.8929
9 0.600 0.135 0.081 0.600 0.9434
10 0.650 0.170 0.050 0.294 0.9714
11 0.700 0.208 0.027 0.130 0.9872
12 0.750 0.251 0.010 0.040 0.9960
13 0.800 0.300 0.000 0.000 1.0000
 STEP 3
𝟏
𝒇𝒘𝒔 =
𝑩𝒘 𝟏
𝟏+ −𝟏
𝑩𝒐 𝒇𝒘

𝑵𝒑𝒅𝑩𝑻 = 𝑺𝒘𝑩𝑻 − 𝑺𝒘𝒄

fwBT fwsBT NpdBT

SwBT 𝑺𝒘𝑩𝑻
(reservoir) (surface) (PV)
0.45 0.70 0.75 0.55 0.35
STEP 4
Breakthrough time calculation

 
widbt  h    A  cuft  widbt  625  40  2000  0.18
t bt =  
q1  5.616  365  cuft  1000  5.616  365
 year 

t bt = 4.39 widbt ( year)

t bt = 4.39  0.35 = 1.54 year
STEP 5
Cumulative oil production (after BT)
N pd = Sw − S wc = ( S we − S wc ) + (1 − f we )Wid , ( PV )

Wi 1
= Wid = )
L A d fw
d Sw S
we
Swe fwe ∆Swe ∆fwe ∆fwe/∆Swe Swe* Wid
0.45 0.699
0.50 0.821 0.05 0.122 2.44 0.475 0.4098
0.55 0.893 0.05 0.072 1.44 0.525 0.6944
0.60 0.942 0.05 0.049 0.98 0.575 1.0204
0.65 0.971 0.05 0.029 0.58 0.625 1.7241
0.70 0.987 0.05 0.016 0.32 0.675 3.1250
0.75 0.996 0.05 0.009 0.18 0.725 5.5556
0.80 1.000 0.05 0.004 0.08 0.775 12.5000
STEP 6 Cumulative oil production (after BT)
• fwe → from fractional flow curve
@ Swe = 0.45 → fwe = 0.699

• ∆Swe → from: Swe(point 1) – Swe(point 2)

∆Swe = 0.5 – 0.45 = 0.05

• ∆fwe → from: ∆fwe(point 1) – ∆fwe(point 2)

∆fwe = 0.821 – 0.699 = 0.122

• Swe* → a midpoint from Swe(point 1) and Swe(point 2)

Swe* = (0.45 + 0.5)/2 = 0.475
STEP 7 Cumulative oil production (after BT)
Wi 1
= Wid = )
L A d fw
d Sw S
we

N pd = Sw − S wc = ( S we − S wc ) + (1 − f we )Wid , ( PV )

Npd (bbl): (Npd (PV) x h x A x Ø) / 5.615

t d = 4.39 wid ( year)

Swe* Wid Swe* − Swc fwe* 1 − fwe* Npd (PV) t (year) Npd (bbl)

0.475 0.410 0.275 0.765 0.235 0.371 1.799 595,156.4

0.525 0.694 0.325 0.870 0.130 0.415 3.049 665,627.7

0.575 1.020 0.375 0.925 0.075 0.452 4.480 723,735.6

0.625 1.724 0.425 0.962 0.038 0.491 7.569 786,225.3

0.675 3.125 0.475 0.982 0.018 0.531 13.719 851,513.8

0.725 5.556 0.525 0.993 0.007 0.564 24.389 903,829.0

0.775 12.500 0.575 1.000 0.000 0.575 54.875 921,638.5

Npd (bbl) vs. Wid
Npd (bbl) vs. t
Npd (PV) vs. Wid
Npd (PV) vs. t
 2nd QUESTION
Water injection is conducted to a single layer of oil reservoir with 5-spot injection pattern. The dip of
the layer is negligible. The area of one pattern unit is 50 acres and thickness are 20 ft. The
petrophysical and fluid data are as follows:

• Ø = 0.18 Sg = 0.02 Bo = 1.25 BBL/STB

• Swc = 0.20 Sgc = 0.025 Bw = 1 bbl/STB

• Sor = 0.18 μo = 10 cp μw = 0.5 cp

• Kw (@ Sw = 0.82) = 40 mD

• Ko (@ Sw = 0.20) = 80 mD

Make a forecast for the reservoir behavior by plotting the cumulative oil production as a function of
the quantity of cumulative water injection (Wp) and the water-oil ratio at the surface (WORs)
STEP 1
k rw ȁSor μo 40  10
M=  = = 10
k ro ȁSwc μw 80  0.5

Vd = Vb ∅ 1 − Swc − Sg − Sor
= 2177983 20  0.18 1 − 0.2 − 0.02 − 0.18
= 4704443.28 cuft = 837,834.96 bbl
STEP 2
 ViD Es

0.435 0.435
0.500 0.475
0.600 0.530
STEP 2 0.700 0.575
0.800 0.620
0.900 0.640
1.000 0.660
1.500 0.760
2.000 0.810
3.000 0.870
 Extrapolate ViD from zero to 0.435

ViD Es ViD Es ViD Es

0.000 0.000 0.350 0.350 0.900 0.640
0.050 0.050 0.400 0.400 1.000 0.660
STEP 3 0.100 0.100 0.435 0.435 1.500 0.760
0.150 0.150 0.500 0.475 2.000 0.810
0.200 0.200 0.600 0.530 3.000 0.870
0.250 0.250 0.700 0.575
0.300 0.300 0.800 0.620
STEP 4
STEP 5
ES − ViD VD
Np =
Bo

ViD VD
Wi =
Bw

ViD − Es VD
Wp =
Bw
STEP 6

𝑑𝑁𝑝 𝑑𝑦
𝑓𝑜 𝑠 = =
𝑑 𝑁𝑝 +𝑊𝑝 𝑑𝑥

1− f0 s
WOR s =
f0 s
Wp vs Wi
Wp vs WORs