The gerund

Structure :
To form Gerunds use:

The base form

of the verbs
Like :

+-ing

going,eating,reading,swimming,watching

swimming
Base form

-ing

The gerund
How does it function?
Insentencesthegerunddoesntfunction
asaverb:

I dislike playing football

main verb

Gerund

Gerunds are often used as subjects or direct objects .

as subject :

Driving is fun.

as objects:

She enjoys singing.

Verbs followed by
Gerunds
Some verbs in English must be followed by the Gerund:
They enjoyed working on the boat.
admit
advise
appreciate
avoid
can't help
complete
consider

delay
deny
detest
dislike
enjoy
escape
excuse

finish
forbid
get
through
have
imagine
mind
miss

permit
postpone
practice
quit
recall
report
resent

resist
resume
risk
spend (time)
suggest
tolerate
waste (time)

The gerund can also be used after some verbs followed by prepositions:
We concentrated on doing well.

Verbs Followed by a Preposition and a

admit to
depend on plan on
Gerund
approve of
argue about
believe in
care about
complain
about
concentrate
on
confess to

disapprove
of
discourage
from
dream about
feel like
forget about
insist on
object to

prevent (someone) from

refrain from
succeed in
talk about
think about
worry about

Expressions followed by the gerund:

_Itsnouse pretending you didnt see me.
_Itsnogood insisting. He wont accept.
_Its(not)worthwatching this movie.
_ Theresnopointin shouting at her. She is deaf.
_Go climbing/ swimming/ skiing/ fishing/ sailing/
shopping...

The infinitive
Struture :
To+
baseformoftheverb

LIKE: to walk, to see, to run, to dream

TO

TO

BASE OF THE VERB

LEARN

Sometimestheinfinitivecanbethesubjectofthe
sentence.

subject :

To live in Hawaii is my dream.

To play football is what I love the most.

Verbs followed by an
Infinitive

Some verbs in English must be followed by the Infinitive :

She agreed to speak before the game.
agree
aim
appear
arrange
ask
attempt
be able
beg
begin
care
choose
condescend

consent
continue
dare
decide
deserve
detest
dislike
expect
fail
forget
get
happen

have
hesitate
hope
hurry
intend
leap
leave
like
long
love
mean
neglect

offer
ought
plan
prefer
prepare
proceed
promise
propose
refuse
remember
say

shoot
start
stop
strive
swear
threaten
try
use
wait
want
wish