SKF Bearings

Rolling Element Bearings
Figure 11-1, Mechanical Engineering Design, Juvinall & Marshek
Bearing Terminology
Tapered Bore: Seat the bearing onto a tapered shaft or to accommodate
a tapered sleeve which can be used to fix a bearing to a shaft.
Shields or Seals: Between the inner and outer rings to capture
lubricating grease around the balls and prevent intrusion of
contaminants.( Z-shield ,RS-seal)-eg-61814-2RS1-two contact seals
(NRB)
Self Aligning: The inner ring can pivot so that the bore of the inner ring
is not aligned with that of the outer ring, this accommodates shafts
which are not perfectly aligned (concentric) with the outer ring of the
bearing.
Bearing Terminology
Pure Radial and Pure Axial Loads: This indicates a bearings ability to
sustain each of these kinds of loads in isolation.
Combined Loads: Ability to sustain a radial and an axial load at the
same time.
Moment Load: This indicates a bearings ability to support a moment

at right angles to the longitudinal shaft axis.
High Running Accuracy and High Stiffness: Some applications

require a bearing which maintains the center of rotation of the shaft with
extreme accuracy even when large loads are applied.
Bearing Terminology
Locating: If the inner ring of a bearing is axially locked to the shaft
and the outer ring is axially locked to the housing, then the bearing is
said to be locating since it prevents the shaft from moving axially w.r.t.
the housing.
Non-Locating: If either the inner or outer ring is not axially locked, the
bearing cannot prevent the axial movement of the shaft.
Axial Displacement: In some bearings, the inner and outer races are
free to move axially w.r.t. each other. This kind of bearing cannot be
used in a locating arrangement.
Bearing Terminology
Fig 122-124, Ball and

Roller Bearings
Angle Of Contact
Figure 122a,b
Bearing Classification
Bearing Classification
Bearing Types & Loads

Deep Groove Ball Bearing
Pictures Courtesy of SKF General Catalogue, and SKF Rolling Bearings in Industrial Gearboxes
Deep Groove Ball Bearings

Max axial load =.25*Co --.5*C0

Cylindrical Roller Bearing
Cylindrical Roller Bearing

Axial load is governed by load capability
Of sliding contact on flange function of
lubricant, operating temp. and heat
removal.

Spherical Roller Bearing

Tapered Roller Bearing

Angular Contact Ball Bearing

Thrust Taper Roller Bearing

Double-Row Angular Contact
Ball Bearing

Four-Point Angular Contact
Ball Bearing

CARB Bearing
Very high radial load carrying
capacity
No axial load carrying capacity
Accommodates both axial motion and
angular misalignment
L10 Basic Bearing Life Rating

Norton fig 10-22
(10^6 revolutions)
10
L10 Basic Bearing Life Rating

The L10 rating life of a sufficiently large number of
dimensionally identical bearings is expressed by the number
of revolutions or number of hours at constant speed reached
or exceeded by 90% of this bearing group before the first
signs of material fatigue appear.
If design on L10 life chance of 10% failure

at design life.
Can one do better.

a 99% life rating =.21*L10 Life
11
The Life Equation

L10 = Basic Life Rating in [revolutions x 106]
C = Basic Dynamic Load Rating. This is the max. load at which 90% of
the tested bearings will show no fatigue damage after 106 revolutions.
This value is given in the bearing catalogue for every bearing type.
Note: If a bearing is subjected to a basic dynamic load of C then there is
a 90% confidence that it will survive to 106 cycles (L10=1)
P (upper-case) = Equivalent Dynamic Bearing Load. This is a measure of

the combined radial and axial load on the bearing.
p (lower-case) = Exponent for Life Equation. 3 for ball bearings, 10/3 for
roller bearings.
The Life Equation

C
L10 =
P
The Basic Life Rating can also be expressed in hours of operation:
L10 h
106 C
=

60n P
where, n, is the rotational speed in rpm
12
Dynamic Bearing Loads

P = XFr + YFa
P = Equivalent Dynamic Bearing Load
Fr = the Actual Radial Load on the bearing
Fa = the Actual Axial Load on the bearing
X = the Radial Load Factor for the bearing
Y = the Axial Load Factor for the bearing
Equivalent Dynamic Bearing Loads

P = XFr + YFa
Y will be LARGE for bearings which are unsuitable for axial loads. For
example, SKF self-aligning ball bearings have values of Y as large as
6.1
Y will be SMALL for bearings which are suited to carry axial loads.
For example, SKF taper roller bearings usually have Y values of 1.0
13
Applicable Values of X and Y

Fa
>e
Fr
or
Fa
<e
Fr
Where, e, is a reference value which depends on bearing type and load

magnitudes (see tables of specifications for bearings in SKF catalogue)
Applicable Values of X and Y
14
Example
A self-aligning bearing is needed for a 20mm dia shaft. The shaft speed
is 1200rpm and the bearing must operate for 3000hrs without maintenance.
The radial load is 3000N and the axial load is 600N. Choose a bearing for
this application.
Example
15
Example
Self-Aligning Ball Bearings, (SKF Catalogue Pg. 155)
P = Fr + Y1 Fa
Fa
e
Fr
where
P = 0.65 Fr + Y2 Fa
when
Fa
>e
Fr
Example
16
Example
Example
17
Example
Spherical Roller Bearings, (SKF Catalogue Pg. 245)
P = Fr + Y1 Fa
Fa
e
Fr
where
P = 0.67 Fr + Y2 Fa
when
Fa
>e
Fr
Example
18
Example
Example
19
To make copy of SKF catalogue.---open up

easy CD creator on machine next to scanner in DAPR
Lab.
open file SKFCAT then click on directory SKFIEC
Make sure you copy with smart burn presets .
Note-dont reconfigure each time if making more than
1 copy.
To run catalogue , go to SKFIEC directory and click
on SKFCD2 .
20
NOTE ALL THE FITS LISTED IN BEARING

BOOKS ARE CALCULATED FROM
CSA/ISO STANDARDS FOR FITS OF
MATING PARTS
Note-page 542 text-rolling

element bearings are intended to
have inner and outer races presfitted to shaft and housing
page 9 SKF Cat.925As a
general rule ,ball bearings should
have an operational clearance
which is virtually zero ,or there
may be a slight preload .Cylindrical
and spherical rollers should always
have some residual clearance.
-design-assembly
maintenance life-running
accuracy-all may result in
varied clearance or press
fits.
21
22
23
Snap Rings
24
25
Bearing Arrangements
Floating / Locating Bearing

Arrangements
Picture courtesy: Ball and Roller Bearing Arrangements, Theory Design and Application. Fig. 295a-f, Pg. 250
26

Arrangements

Arrangements
27

Arrangements

Arrangements
Picture courtesy: Ball and Roller Bearing Arrangements, Theory Design and Application. Fig 295a-f, Pg. 250
28

Arrangements
Adjustable Bearing
Arrangements
Picture courtesy: Ball and Roller Bearing Arrangements, Theory Design and Application. Fig. 296 - Fig 301, Pg. 250
29
Example
30
Taper rollers
31
Note these equations are only valid when

Bearings are adjusted against each other with
practically zero clearance , but without preload
If you preload the bearings the axial forces
will have to be determined. Best bet Call SKF
To determine best coarse of action.
Adjustable Bearing
Arrangements
32
Adjustable Bearing
Arrangements
Adjustable Bearing
Arrangements
Picture courtesy: Ball and Roller Bearing Arrangements, Theory Design and Application. Fig 333, Pg. 294
33
Floating Bearing
Arrangements
Picture courtesy: Ball and Roller Bearing Arrangements, Theory Design and Application. Fig 302a-c, Pg. 254
Floating Bearing
Arrangements
34
Floating Bearing
Arrangements
Floating Bearing
Arrangements
35
36
37
Bearing
Arrangement
s
38
Bearing
Arrangement
s
39
40
41

SKF Bearings

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SKF Bearings

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Rolling Element Bearings

Figure 11-1, Mechanical Engineering Design, Juvinall & Marshek

Moment Load: This indicates a bearings ability to support a moment

High Running Accuracy and High Stiffness: Some applications

Fig 122-124, Ball and

Bearing Types & Loads

Deep Groove Ball Bearings

Bearing Types & Loads

Cylindrical Roller Bearing

Bearing Types & Loads

Bearing Types & Loads

Bearing Types & Loads

Bearing Types & Loads

Bearing Types & Loads

Bearing Types & Loads

Bearing Types & Loads

L10 Basic Bearing Life Rating

L10 Basic Bearing Life Rating

If design on L10 life chance of 10% failure

Can one do better.

The Life Equation

P (upper-case) = Equivalent Dynamic Bearing Load. This is a measure of

The Life Equation

The Basic Life Rating can also be expressed in hours of operation:

where, n, is the rotational speed in rpm

Dynamic Bearing Loads

Equivalent Dynamic Bearing Loads

Applicable Values of X and Y

Where, e, is a reference value which depends on bearing type and load

Applicable Values of X and Y

To make copy of SKF catalogue.---open up

NOTE ALL THE FITS LISTED IN BEARING

Note-page 542 text-rolling

Floating / Locating Bearing

Floating / Locating Bearing

Floating / Locating Bearing

Floating / Locating Bearing

Floating / Locating Bearing

Floating / Locating Bearing

Note these equations are only valid when

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