aZo\Xp ap\-dx

a\-ns
a[pcw

ApdDu^v Akv l cn

MA

(Director Media Council under AAMDC

AAMDC)

h~G j~e dG L
aZo\m aJvZqw pU v Atkm-kn-tb-j
cn^mCu akvPnZv Ipdp-h-tcn
]n.-H. sNIymSv
aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

ApdDu^v Akv l cn

MA

{]kn-o-I-cWw :
aZo\m aJvZqw
pU v Atkm-kn-tb-j
Hmw ]Xnv :
2010 amv
tImn 3000
ssSv sknwKv :
\imv DTP sk
9446251793
{]nnwKv :
tlmkv sF-c-Sn
hnemkw :
aZo\m aJvZqw
pU v Atkm-kn-tb-j
cn^mCu akvPnZv Ipdp-h-tcn
]n.-H. sNIymSv. ]md--Shv
hne 15 cq]

aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

Ah-Xm-cnI

aZo\Xp ap\-d apAvan\o--fpsS

A`btI{- a m- W v . kXy- h n- i zm- k nbpsS a\- n\v a[pcw ]I- c p
Ghpw \ `uXn-I-hpw Bo-b-hpamb hn`-hamWv. AXmWv "aZo-\X
- p
ap\- d x a\- ns a[pcw' F
sImp IrXn-bn hnh-cn-n-cn-p-Xv . hnizm- k n- b psS a\- n- t ev
Ipfntm-cn-sm-cn-bp Hc-\p-`qXn
Cu ]pkv X Iw hmbn- p- t mgpw
\nv A\p-`-h-Smw. ae-bm-fn-Ifmb apkvenw kaq-l-n\v apn
Cu IrXn kanp sImpp.

Nnq A_vZp-dlvam apkvenbm

(No^v Aao lk-\n lv {Kqv)

aZo\Xp
ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw
3

Xmfp-If
- n
1. aZo\: a\-ns a[pcw
2. ]d--dn-bn-m Ign-bm
A\p-`qXn
- ns
3. aZo\: A\p-cm-K
A\-iz-cX
- psS m\w
4. aZo-\b
5. Ghpw t{ijvS-amb av
- psS t]cp-I
6. aZo-\b
-
7. aZo\m ld-ans t]mcn-iI
8. `qan-bnse kzw
9. Ghpw henb {]tXy-IX
10. aZo-\sb kvt\lnv hnP-bn-pI
11. aZo\ tZmjw s]mdp-n-pp
12. kXy hnizm-k-ns
A`btI{w
- psS hnImk]cn-Wm-a
-
13. aZo-\b
- hn
14. akvPn-Zp-_
15. akvPn-Zp--_-hn-bpsS alXzw
- o^ !
16. duf-p-c
17. \appw t]mImw
Xncp-k
- n-[n-bn-tev
18. Xncp\_n kaw
19. aZo-\-bn {in-t Imcy-
- nse ki\ e-
20. aZo-\b
tav
21. aZo\mbpsS
aZo\Xp
ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw
4

5
6
8
9
10
12
13
14
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17
18
19
20
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aZo\Xp ap\-dx
a\-ns a[pcw
aZo\: F \maw GsXmcp hnizm-kn-tb-bmWv ]pfI-a-Wn-bn-m--Xv. kXy-hn-izm-knsb kw_-n-s-S-tmfw
a\-ns\ Benw-K\w sNp lrZ-bl
- m-cn-bmb hN\ {]kmZ-amWv aZo\ F t]cv t]mepw. apAvan\ns a\v Fpw
aZo-\b
- n-em-Wv. hnizm-kn-bpsS lrZ-bX
- mfw dufm ico-^p-ambn
sIp-]n-W
p-In-S
- p-Ib
- m-Wv. hnizm-kn-bpsS lrZbw kv]np-Xv hnip aZo-\-bn Fm-\p A\n-X-c-km-[m-c-Wamb A`n\nthi-tm-sS-bm-Wv.
Fm ktlm-Zcm; B Xncp ansemp Imep-Ipm `mKyw e`n-mtem? B apv hv \np--Xns
A\n-N-\o-bX ]d--dn-bn-m km[y-a-. tI-Xn-t\mfpw Adn--Xn-t\-mfpw B{K-ln--Xn-t\-mfpw Apd-mWv aZo-\-bpsS apw hnpw.
AlwZp-en-mlv, AZZ JJnln
hcnfm \^vknln hkn-\X Ainln
han-ZmZ Ien-am-Xnln
Rm\o ]hn{X an Imev Ipnb Ap-ap-X a\ns D-dI
- f
- n ]pjv]np \np aZo-\sb Ipdn-p
tX\q-dp Hm-I ]In-sb-Sp-m sImXn-p-p.
A\p-cm-K-ns Xo ]--fmbn Hmtcm hnizm-kn-bnepw
t{]mz-en-t aZo-\sb Ipdn-p Hncn hnti-j-W ]pshp-I-bm-Wv. B Xncp ap-sn ]pmc
\_nbpsS Nmcv aXn-hc
- p-thmfw \nm \mYm Rsf
\o A\p-{K-ln-t-W-ta........ Bao.

5 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

]d--dn-bn-m Ign-bm
A\p-`qXn
2006 \hw-_ 29
Imen-v Fbt]mn \npw aZo-\
- mWv sNnd-pI F-dn--Xp apX B\--ns Ipfncp sImv
a\w XpSn sImn-p-S-n-bn-cp-p. Hcm-bncw taml--n-I
Ie-]ne Iqn am\-tv ]d-p-b-cp-p.
lv bm{X-p Hcp-- Bcw-`n-Xp apX
aZo-\bpw Xncp dufbpw ]pm-c-\-_nbpw a\-nepw ico-cnepw Ne\ \n-e-\--fnepw ebn-n-m ]mI-nep
mkp-I Xv k-cm-n-bn-nv R-fpsS No^v Aao
Nnq DkvXm-Zv.
]cn-ip aZo-\-bpsS A-co--n-eqsS hnam-\w
XmWp ]d-p-tm Fsm-n-m Bth-ihpw A\p-`qXnbpw hp s]mXn-p. Ip-If
- n B\-
- ns _mjv]
IW-, Bcw-`
- q-hmb ]pmc \_n-bpsS {]Io-\
-
\mhn Xpn Hcm-bncw XhW ]c-sm-gp-In.
samss_ t^m Hm^v sNm\pw s_p-I
sIm\pw hnam-\-n \nv Ft\mkvsa v tIm-sanepw AXn-t\-m D-n-ep kzem-pw "bm dkq-emlv' hnfnbpw lmPn-am-cn hm A\p-`qXn \nd-p.
B at\m-l-c-amb ] Jp In sXfn-bp-tm
tZlw ]pf-I-a-Wnbpw Ip-I \ndbpw Npp-I hnXppw. tcmam Ip-I-a-Wnv Xfv t]mIpw. ] Jpbn \nv Is-Sp-m Ign-bmsX ]np-Ip-ns\ t]mse
hnXp-n--c-bpw.
]pmc \_n-tb........ temI-ns dlvas....... lrZb-ns XpSn-t..... Ic-fns IjvW-ta....... J_ns
Ipfna-bmb \_ntb....... A-emp h-emap Asse

6 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

bm dkq-e-m-lv.....
B Xncp-ap-n, Ahn-Sps khn-[
- n Fp-Xv
hsc hnizmknbpsS ico-chpw a\pw ]pmc\_n am{X-am-hpw...
Ahn-sS-sb-nbmtem ?
Amlv !
Fmw adv Xncp duf-bn-tev Ip\nv apw
shp-t]mIpw. \mw lp-bm-{Xp apt ]Tnp ioen
kem- a n- s bpw kzemn- s bpw {]mkhpw tImhbpw
sXpw. lrZb Xmfw sXpw.
hm A\p-`q-Xn-bmWv aZo\:
]d--dn-bn-m Ign-bm A\p-`q-Xn. aZo-\-bnse
Hmtcm NphSpshnepw ImWp--sXmw A\p-cmKw ]I-cp-Xm-bn-cp-p. ImcWw aZo-\b
- n-emWv ]pmc \_n-bp-X
- v. Xncp
duf-bn lbm-tmsS \psS A`n-hm-Z-\-n\v adp-]Sn ]dp-sImv \psS s]mp-h-c-hp-I {in-psImv
\psS sXmp-ap-n-epv \_nh.
AXv sImv Xs kXy-hn-izm-kn-I Cm-cy-n
{in-m thn Camw \hhn ilp Cufm-ln
{]tXyIw ]d-bp-p-v.
Xncpduf-bn-te--Sp-p-tm hgn-bn-en-d-n Ipfnv
ipn-bmbn \ hkv{Xw [cnv kpKw ]qiWw. aZo-\bpsS m\hpw hen-hpw a\-n \ncq-]n--Ww, Zp\nbm-hnse Ghpw t{ijvS-amb e--fn-sem-m-Wn-sXv
Btem-Nn--Ww.
BZym-hk
- m\w hsc \_nh sb Ipdnp BZ-chpw
`nbpw a\-n \nd--Ww. ]pmc \_nsb In
ImWpXv t]mse hnNm-cn-s-Ww. (jEG T)

7 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

aZo\: A\p-cm-K-ns
A\-iz-cX
aZo-\-Xp ap\-dx A\p-cm-K-ns A\-iz-c-X-bntev \s Iqn-sIm-p-t]mIpw. Hcp {]hm-NI t{]anv
Xncp\_nh bpsS h^mn\v tijw Ahn-St- m-Sp lpv
Ghpw A[nIw {]I-Sn-n-m km[n-p-Xv Xncp-duf knbmdv sNp--Xn-eq-sS-bm-Wv.
hnizm- k n- b psS a\- n \ndp Xpfp- p
CivJns then-tb--n Bizm-k-ns Ic--W-nbm
Ahn-Sps Xncpk-n-[n-bn-tev sNp-I-b-msX hnizmkn
Fp-sNpw? CivJns ImWm-Np-gn-If
- n Dg-ep-tm-sgms
hnn-sm-p lrZ-bs Xtem-Sm Ahns krjvSnPme-fn Xncp-du-f-b-msX as-p-v.?
aZo-\-Xp ap\-dx kmz-\-ns im-k-ap-{Z-amWv. Bizm-k-ns Xtem-S-em-Wv. A\p-{K-l-ns BenwK-\a
- m-Wv. Xncp\_n-h bpsS dufsb eyw shp hchv
]Xn-\mev \qm-mbn Ahn-cmaw XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv. ]pmc
\_nh bpsS Imepw h^m-n\v tijhpw {]hmNI
t{]an-I hebw sNmsX aZo-\-bpsS Hcp \nan-ihpw ISp-t]m-bn-n-. Hcp t\Xm-hns hn{ia epw C{X-b[
- nIw
Xom-S-I HgpIn Fn-bn-n-.
aZo-\-bn Hcp Xpn Ip-\o hogvmsX Hcp
hnizm- k npw aZo- \ - b n \nv aS- n- t m- c m km[y- a - .
Xncpdufbn hnXp- n- - c - b m Bcp- a n- . AW- s mn
Hgp- I p If- - c - l n- X - a mb kvt\l- [ m- c - b n aZo\
IpXnp \np--Xmbn \apv ImWmw. X ImWpItbm tIp- I tbm sNm A\p- c m- K - ] p- j v ] - n\p
thn tImSm- \ p- t ImSn Ip- \ o IW- AhnsS
ASp hogp-p.

8 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

aZo-\-bpsS m\w
temI-p Fm esf-mfpw m\-ap-Xv
abpw aZo-\-bp-am-sW--Xn ]m--c-an-. Ch cn
\npw aZo-\-mWv ]Zhn IqSp-X-epXv Fv Da _v\p
Jm_v, A_vZp-mln _v\p Da, amenIv _v\p A\kv
XpS-n-b-h ]d-bp-p.
\_nh bpsS lpPvd
- p-i
- c
- o^ Am aZo-\b
- nse
ap e-s
- f-m a-mWv t]mcn-ib
- p-Xv F Imcynepw ]nXtemIw GIm`n-{]m-b-m-cm-Wv.
\_nh X InS-p m\-n-\mWv IA-_sb-m ]Zhn F-Xn CPvam-Av Dsv Jmfn Cbmfv
A`n- { ]m- b - s - n- p- v . Ain- t \- m t]mcni \_nh
XfpsS InS-p-m-\-n-\p-sv XmPp-o-\p-p_vIn
tcJ-s-Sp-nb A`n-{]mbw ImWmw. Ahns krjvSn-Pm-e- f n AXyp- X m\ap dkq InS- p- - b nSw
Xsbm-Wtm Ghpw t]mcn-ib
- p e-hpw. Ahn-Ss
BZ-c-hns htWm-z-e-X-bnemWv temI-n\v kan--n-p-X
- v.
apkvl^pm-bn-cns AXns Ae-amd t]mepw
hpfqAv CmsX sXmSm ]mSn-s-mWv \nbaw. apkvl^v
AI-pv F-XmWv "sXmSm ]mSn' F \nb-a
- n\v
ImcWw. AXp-t]mse Aivd^
- p JJv InS-p an\pw
BZ-chv hcpp Fv Camw k-in hnhcnp-Xv ImWmw.
C_v\p lP hy-am-p-Xv ImWp-I. IA_m-e-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp a al-Xz-ap-XmsW--Xn
X-an-. ]pmc\_nbpw Ahn-Sps J_ ico^pw
\ne- s Im- p aZo\ IAv _ b- S - p a- s b- mfpw
ss_p aAvaqdn-t\-mfpw av {]]--n-ep k
hkv X p- - s f- mfpw al- m- b - X m- W v aZo\: F- X n
CPv a m- A v BWv . (jE G TM)

9 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

Ghpw t{ijvS-amb av
]pmc\_nh bpsS ]qta\n sXmp-cpn \np
]pWyav AJne temI--fnse kIe hkvXp-sfmfpw
_lp-aXn hpt]mbn. AXv sImmWv {]hm-NI
- m-\p-cm-Kn-I
B an sNcp-n-SmsX \S-m Imc-Ww. B ]pWy `qan
ImcWw aZo\ am{X-a `qan apg-sbpw ]hn-{X-ambnop.
av {Klfpw A\--tImSn \-{X-fpw `qansb t\mn
Akq-bs
- -Sp-Ib
- m-Wv.
GsXm-cm-sfbpw ad-am-S-s ep\nmWv B
a\p-jys\ krjvSn-m\p as-Sp-n-p-Xv Fv Xncp-hcp-fp-v. Hcn- Xncp-\_nh Hcp J_dns Nmc-p IqSn
\S-p-t]mbn Atcw Ahn-Spv tNmZnp""CXm-cpsS J_dmWv''. Btcm adp-]Sn ]d-p ""CsXmcp A_vko-\n-b-mscs J_-dm-Wv'' Atm \_nh X ]dp ""em
Ceml C-mlv, Abm-fpsS `qanan \npw BIm-ins Nph-n \npw Abmsf krjvSn--s an-tev
Xs \bn--s-tm'' (cG eEd Q~G)
Xncp\_nh sb ]S-s
- an-emWv Ahn-Spv InSp-X
- v. AXn-\m alXzw IqSp-XepXv Cu an-\m-sWv
hy-am-sW-tm.
C_v \ p Pukn Xs "h^m- C ' IAv _ p
Alv_m \nv \nth-Z\w sNp-p. A ]pmc \_nhsb
krjv S n- m Xocp- a m- \ n- - t m Pn_v c o t\mSv
Xncp\_nh InS-p m\v (lpPvd ico-^n) \nv
Hcp ]nSn shfp av sImp-h-cm In-p. ]ns
AXns\ Xkv\ow Pew sImv Igp-I-s-p. kz-n-eqsS
Hgp-Ip Acp-hn-I-fn apn-sb-Sp-p. BImi `pan-I-fnsemw AXp- a mbn Npn k- c n- m In- - s - p.
Atcw Xs ]pmc\_nX-sfbpw Ahn-Sps alXzhpw ae-p-Iv a\-n-embn. (RG HE adG)

10 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

X_v d m\o Camw Xs I_o- d n dm^n C_v \ p

JZoPv\nv \nth-Z\w sNp asmcp dntmv ImWp-I. ""
aZo\ a-sb-m t{ijvSa
- m-Wv.'' ( GdG )
aZo-\b
- psS av tcmKia-\
- n\p ]nb am-W.v in^mbpsS am-Wv. ]s AXn\p thn av ]pdv sImpt]mhp-Xn ]n-X
- m `nm-`n-{]m-b
- nem-W.v sImp-s]mIm ]mSn-s-m-Wv {]_-ew. AXp-t]mse B an hnf
Imc-bpw hfsc ]pWy-ap-Xpw in^-bp-X
- p-am-Wv. kzlolmb lZo-kp-If
- n CXv hy-am-n-bn-p-v.
"APvhm' F t]cn Adn-bs
- -Sp Imc-p am{Xap {]tXy-IX
- b
-
- . aZo-\b
- nse APvhv hfsc t]mcn-ib
- pv. B Imc Xnph\v knlvd,v \v Ds-sS-bp Hpw
_m[n-p-Ib
- n- Fv \_nh X ]d-n-p-v. ( e)
aZo-\b
- n \nv Xncnv t]mIp-tm aZo-\b
- nse km[ IpSpw-_
- n\v sImp-hc
- kp-p-v. CXmImw aZo\-bn \nv Imcbpw a-bn \nv kwkwshhpw
sImp-h-cpXns ]mm-X-ew.
]pmc \_nh InS-p ans kpKw Ipq
DkvXm-Zns hcn-I-fn.

T T f h if h MCGh ZCG HJh

H GdG T e Ra a H Z YCG Ya
a[p-cnXw Aaqeyw AXp-eyamw av
Xp-ey-am-b-Xns\ apn-b-h-\mcv ?
al-cw \psS \_n ImcWw AXv
Aaq-ey-ambv B an kpKw
apn aW--hv Fsmcp hnPbw
(Kco_v \hm-kv)

11 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

aZo-\-bpsS t]cp-I
aZo\ F]Z-n\v ]Ww FmWv Aw. aZo\v Hcp-]mSv t]cp-I-fp-v. t]cp-I-fpsS B[nIyw Hcp
hkvXphns m\-sbpw al-Xz-sbpw Ipdn-p-a-tm.
Camw AZvhn Xs _peq-Kp akdm-n ssiJv lman
kmZ-hn \nv aZo-\-bpsS sXmqdv t]cp-I- D-cn-pp-v. Camw iodmkn {]am-Wfn \nv NnI--Sp
aZo-\-bpsS Nne t]cp-I hnh-cn-mw.
bkvcn_v, Afp-m-ln, Afp lnPvd, AIm-e
- p
_pZm, AIm-e-p Jpd A Cuam, A _md,
A _pssl-d, A _lo-d, A _emXzv, A _e-Zv,
ss_pd-kq, Pko-d-p Ad-_v, A P-p
lkzo\, A l_o-_, A ldw, ldapdkq-en-m-lv, A
Pm_n-d, Pm_m-cn, Pm-d, lk-\, A ssJd, Am, Zmdp
A_vdm, Zmdp Cuam, Zmdp-p-, Zmdp--em-a, Zmdp
^Xvlv, Zmdp lnPvd, ZmXp lPv, ZmXp lndm, in^b, Xzmlm, ssXz_, A Bkzn-a, A AZvdm-Av, A
Adm-Av, A Adq-fv, A Kdm-fv, Ke-_, A ^mfn-A,
A Jmkn-a, XzmCu i_v-D-_m-_v,
A aZo-\, A aIo-\, A aPv_q-d, A ap^nb, Am-ln-b, A_vemfv, Alvdv, A lZvd-Av, Jpp Ckvemw, Jb-p Akm, A ap_m-d-I,
J_p Cuam, A apAvan\, A al-, A apl, A al-_q-_..... (AadG Aah)
XpSn \qdp--W-n\v \ma- D-cn--s-n-p-v.
Cu t]cp-I-sfms aZo-\-p-h--Xns ]mm-Xew hni-ZoI-cnp sImv Camw kpwlqZn Xs h^m-D h^mC
khn-kvXcw {]Xn-_m-[n-n-p-v.
bkvcn_v F \maw \_nh X amn-bn-cp-p.
B t]cv hnfn- Idm-l
- m-sWv asm-cn-Sv kpwlqZn

12 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

]d-bp-p-v. A_q bAvehpw, Alv aZvhpw kmy-sSp-p lZokv ImWp-I. ""aZo-\sb Bsc-nepw bkvcn_v
Fv hnfn-m Ah ]m]-tam-N\w tXSn-sm-s
- .'' AXn\v
"\io-I-cWw' F Aw [z\n-bp--XmImw Imc-W-sav
A\p-am-\n--s-Sp-p.

aZo\m ld-ans
t]mcn-i-I
krjvSn Pme--fn A atlm-X BZ-c-hp-I
\Inb Xncp-\_nh bpambn _-s- e-pw
hkvXp-pw Xs-bm-IW
- a
- tm Ghpw al-Xz-hpw. am
{]tZiw ld-am--s-Xv t]mse aZo\m ap\-d ({]tim-`nX
\Kcw) bpw kXy-hn-izm-kn-bpsS hnip ld-am-Wv. \_nh
]d-bp-Xv ImWpI.
""Am-lpth C_vdmlow \_n-bn-eqsS am {]tZis \o ld-amn. Rm\nXm aZo-\sb ld-ambn {]Jym-]np-p. AXn th arK-fpw hr-fpw \in-n--s-Scp-Xv.'' ( ~MCG eEG)

13 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

`qan-bnse kzw
{]]-
- n-sem-cn-S
- p-an-m- Hcp hnti-jWw aZo-\p-.v "`qan-bnse kz-tmv' \_nh ]d-p. Fs J_dnsbpw Fs an-dn-sbpw CS-bn-ep ew kz-tmp-If
- n \np Hcp tXmm-Ip-p. CXns\ hni-Zo-Ic
- n-psImv alm-\mb C_v\p lP aqv hni-Zo-Ic
- W
-
-
\Ip-Xv ImWp-I.
Hv: Cu ev \nkvI-cn-h\v kz-ap-v. ldw
ico-^n \nv Hcp dIv-Av \nkvI-cn-m AXn\v kzw
Xcm-sav ]d-n-n-tm. As\ hcp-tm AXn-t\-m
hepXv XsbmW-tm.
cv: Cu ew kz-n Dm-bn-cn-p--XmWv. `qan-bnse Hcp IjvWw kz-n-ep-s-n AXv aZo-\bnse duf F e-am-Wv. Cs\ Hcp hnti-jWap
Hcp ew aZo-\-b-msXbn-.
aqv: Cu kvYew Ctm Xs kz-n\p t\sc
nXn sNp-p. kXy-hn-izm-knsb tcmamw sImn-p
A-am-Wn-Xv Xcp--Xv. (4/100 QdG a)
kz-n IS-p-shv ]d-bm am{Xw al-Xz-s-Spnb hm Hcp e-am-Wn-X.v kzn\p t\sc aZo-\b
- nse
Xncp duf-b
- msX `qan-bn asm-cn-Sa
- ptm ?
Cu e-n\v C{X-am{Xw al-Xz-ap-m-Im-\p
ImcWw hni-Zo-I-cnp sImv Camw bqkp-^p--_vlm\n
]d-p. ""dkq-ep-mlnh bpsS Im]mZw C{X-bpw s]cpam-dnb Hcp e-an F-Xm-Wv.''

14 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

Ghpw henb {]tXy-IX

Aivd-^p JJv dkqh bpsS J_vdpco^v.
GXv `qanv Ah-Im-i-s-Sm-\pv Cu {]tXy-I-X ?. \_nh
bpsS J_vdp--co^n\p aqI-fnend-p A{Xbpw ae-pI asmcp ka--nepw Cd-p-n-. Fv ]e alm-cY-mcpw DWn-bn-p-v.
Fm {]`m-X-nepw Fgp-]-Xn-\m-bncw ae-p-I
Ahn-Ss Xncp-k-hn-[-n Cd-n-hv kzem-p-I
\n-ln-p-p. A`n-hm-Zy- An-p-p. {]tZm-j-ambm Ah Ibdntmhp-Ibpw asmcp Fgp-]-Xn-\m-bncw
Cd-p-Ibpw sNp-p. ( eQGO ~e 1/44)
]pmc\_nh Xma- k n- p- c p lpPv d - b n- e mWv
Ahn-Sps J_vd p-c o-^v nXn sNp- - X v . Fv apv
hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p-v. \mep-h-i-fpw ]n-f--n-bm-ep
Npa sImv ad- - s - n- c n- p- I - b m- W v .
AhnsS aqv J_-dp-I nXn sNp-p-v. aZo\-bn \nv sXp-`m-K-am-Wtm Jn_ve. Jn_vebpsS `mKqsS Xncp lfvd-n-tev sNp-tm BZyw \_n- h
bpsS J_vdpw A]w ]nn-embn A_q-_- kzoJv
s J_vdpw Ah-cpsS ]nd-In Xncp-\_nh bpsS Im]mZ-n\p t\cnSpw hn[w Da s J_vdpw ImWmw.
\mep`mKhpw sIn-bn-p ]n-f Nph-cn BZyw
Hcp Zzmcw ImWmw. AXv Ign- m ImWp A]w
henb Zzmcw ]pm-c\_n-h bpsS apJ-tmS`nap-J-ambn
hcp Zzmc- a m- W v. ]noSv ImWp- Xv kzno- J p
AIv _ hns apJ- n\p t\scbpw sXm- S p- Xv
Da hns apJ- n\v t\sc- b p- - X p- a m- W v .

15 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

aZo-\sb kvt\lnv
hnP-bn-pI
app-Im-ev aZo-\-bnse Imem-h A{X kpJ-I-cam-bn-cp-n-. ~s n TnGC hr GCn sen nu
o cn njp~n dr G nr dn GEp
r u M
n s o dG (a-sb R
kvt\lnXp t]mse AXn-ep-]cnbmbn aZo-\sb kvt\lnm Am-lpth \o Rsf XpW-t-W-ta...) F XncpZq-X-cpsS {]m-\-bpsS ^e-ambn aZo-\-bpsS A-cow
kpJ-I-c-amb Ah--bn-tev amdn.
A_q kCu-Zn JpZvcnv s kao-]t- v kCuZp alvcn hp sImp aZo-\-bnse {]bm-k-fpw Xs
km-\-f\p-`-hn-p hnj-a-X-Ifpw hnh-cnp Atcw
A_q kCu-Zn JpZvcnv ]d-p. "\o aZo-\-bn \nv
t]mhp-Xv Rm A\p-Iq-en-n-. \_nh X Cs\
]d-bp-Xv RmtI-n-p-v.' ""aZo-\b
- nse IjvS
- m-Snepw hnja-nepw ]nSp-p-\np-h
- Btcm Ahv Ay\mfn
Rm ip]mj-I\pw kmnbpw Bbn-cnpw'' ( e )
aZo-\-bnse Hcp hnjakn-bn C_v\p Da-dns
Nmcv hv Xs Hcp `rXy ]dp "ChnsS kln-m
]p-n-. F\n-smp hon t]mI-Ww.' C_v\p Da
]d-p. "AXp-th CXv aZo-\-bmWv Fmw kln-tmfq
Cu ew hnv \o Ftmpt]m-Im Ay\mfn \_n
bpsS i^m-Av sNm\pw kmn-bmbn hcm\pw \o B{Kln-p-n-t. ?'( eJ , C We , e )
aZo- \ - mv Ah- c psS ap KpWw sIm
aZo\m\nhm-kn-I Bb-Xns t]cn Hcp {]tXy-I in]mi
e`n-p-sav Cam-ap-I {]kvXm-hn-n-p-v.
aZo-\-bnse Fm hkvXp-tfbpw BZ-c-thm-SpIqSnbmsX Hcp {]hm-NI
- k
- vt\lnp ImWm Ign-bn-. aZo\-bnse Imc-bpw Cu-\
- bpw t\mq AXv ]pmc\_n
hmb-bn-en Imc--bpsS Ipcp-hn \nv hfp h-Xm-

16 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

Imw. ]pmc\_nbpsS hpfq-Cs _mn sh-n \npw

apfp s]mn-b-Xm-Imw.
H-I
- sf t\mq. dkq k-cn Afv_m-Av F
H-I
- ns km-\
- f
- mImw. ]-X
- fpw ac-fpw aW
Xcn-I t]mepw BZ-c-hn \nsm-gn-hmm Ign-bn-.
]pmc\_nv A`n-hm-Zy- An-m Hpw Xs
Av Csv alm-m ]d-bpp. Fm-n-t\mSpw BZ-chv
shpXv hnizm-knsb B\-n-n-p-p.

aZo\ tZmjw
s]mdp-n-pp
A hn\v Ghpw CjvS-s krjvSn ]pmc\_n-bmW-tm. \_nh Xv Ghpw CjvS-s ew aZo-\bpw. kXy-hn-izmkn aZo-\sb kvt\ln-p-Xv Ahnt\mSpw
dkq-en-t\mSpap CjvSw sImm-Wv. Cu Hcp kvt\l
hnImcw sImpXs Ahs sXp-Ip-- s]mdp-n-s-Sp-sapw aZo\ tZmjs IgpIn hrn-bm-p-sapw
a\-n-em-m-hp-X
- m-Wv.
\_nh ]d-p. ""a\p-jysmcp Imew hcm-\n-cnp-p. Xs Iqp-Ip-Spw-_--sftbm, Iqp-Im-c-t\tbm
hnfnp sImv Hcp bphmhv ]dbpw. hcq \apv kpJn-mw,
\apv kpJnmw Fv. Av aZo-\-bm-W-hp--aw. aZo\-tb-m \ IcpXn Hcmfpw t]mtI--Xn-. AhnsS
\nm Ah\v \-I hn-npw. \n-f-dn-bWw aZo\
Xpcpp If-bp hkvXp t]mse-bm-Wv. AXv Ccp-ns
Xpcpv \op-Xv t]mse Ay\m-fn hnj-a-sf \on
ip-am-p-sapw shnsb Xnf--am-Xmpw t]mse
aZo\ a\pjy a\-ns\ Xnf--ap--Xm-pw.'' ( eh QdG )

17 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

kXy hnizm-k-ns
A`btI{w
kXy-hn-izm-kn-IfpsS lrZbw Ftmgpw Xncp kas sImXn-p-X
- m-Wv. hnizmknns {]`htI{w aZo\-bm-bXv t]mse A`-b-m-\hpw AhnsS Xs-bm-sWv
Xncp\_nh hy-am-p-Xv ImWp-I.""\nbw kXy-hnizmkw aZo-\-bn-tev A`bw {]m]npXm-Wv. ]mv
AXns amf-n-tev A`bw sImp-Xv t]mse'' (QdG)
-AXp-t]mses aZo-\m-ap-\--dv A {]tXyIw
kwc-W hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-p-v. \_nh X
Xs ]dp. ""hn\m-iI
- mcn Zm a-bnepw aZo-\b
- nepw
Nhn-p-I-bn-.'' ( eh QdG )
AXp-t]mse ac-W
- ns hym]m-cn-bm-hp amdm-hym[n-I aZo\map-\
- d- b
- n Dm-hp-X
-
- . \_nh ]dp. ""aZo\-bpsS AXnn-If
- n Imhmcmb aem-C
-
- pv mKpw
Zmepw Atmp {]th-in-p-Ib
- n-.'' ( eh QdG )
aZo\m\n-hm-kn-Iv Hcn- ISp maw A\p`-h-s-p. Ah Bbnim(d) t\mSv thh-emXn {]I-Sn-n-p.
Atm Bbni _ohn ]d-p. \n \_nh X-fpsS
J_-dn-\S- p-tv sNp-I, Fnv duf-bn \nv apI-fn-tev
Hcp Zzmc-an-Sp-I. Ah-c-s\ sNbvXp. ag s]bvXp. ]cn-k-c lcn-Xm-`-ambn, H-I- XSnp sImgpp. As\
B hj-n\v tahjw Fv t]cp-In-n.(RG HG , adG)
C_v\p Iko kmy-s-Sp-p- asmcp kw`hw
ImWp-I. DXp_n ]d-p. Rm \_nh bpsS J_-dp-co- ^ ns Nmcv Ccn- p- I - b m- b n- c p- p. Atcw Hcp
AAvdm_n hv kemw sNmn, \_n-tb... Ahn-Sps ASp hm Amlp amp-X-cp-sav Jp-B-\neptm
AXn-\m Asb sImp Rm ip]mi tXSp-pshv
]dv Hcp ss_v sNmn.

18 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

AAv d m_n t]mIp- t m- t gv Rm\- h nsS Dd- ntmbncpp. Dd- - n Rm \_nh sb Ip.
AAvdm_nv A amv sNbvXp sImSp-n-cn-pp Fv ]dbm ]pm-c-\_nh FtmSv ]d-p. ( c HG J 1/520)
Camw \hhnhpw C_v\p JpZm-ahpw Cu kw`hw
kmy-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v.

aZo-\-bpsS hnImk]cn-Wm-a-
kDuZn Atd-_y-bpsS hS-p-]-Sn-m-dmbn kap-{Z\n-c
- n \npw 625 ao Db-c
- n nXnsNp hnip
aZo-\-bn-tev a-bn \npw 447 Intem-ao--tdmfw hgn-Zq-cap-v. aZo-\-bpsS hnkvXow 50 Intem-ao- BIp-p. Hcp
{]tXyI Xcw Ip-I-fm \n_nUamb aZo\bpsS Ingpw
]Sn-mdpw "A ld i
- Jn', "A ld K_n' F
t]cn Adn-b-s-Sp-p.
sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb ae-\n-c-I- \mep-`m-Kpw
ImWmw. AXn {]ap-J-amWv DlvZv ae. akvPn-Zp--_-hn-bn
\nv DlvZv ae-bn-tev 5 Intem-ao- Zqc-ap-v. DlvZv aesb
{]Ion-p-sImv As dkq [mcmfw ]d-n-p-v. Hcn DlvZv ]Xw Nqn-m-Wnp sImv ]dp ""\s
kvt\ln-p ae-bm-WnXv AXns\ \mapw kvt\lnp-p.''
aZo\ apv Adn-bs
- -n-cp-Xv bkvcn_v F \ma-nem-W.v \_nh bpw kzlm-_n-amcpw a-bn \nv Atmv
]mem-b\w sNp-Ibpw AhnsS {]Ya CkvemanI km{amPyw
m]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXt- m AXv aZo-\p dkq Bbnop. A aZo-\
- p ap\-d F hnip \ma-n-emWn-Xv Adn-bs
- -Sp-X
- .v

19 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

]s ae-bm-fn-I s]mXpsh BZ-c-hns hni-bn hfsc ]nn-em-sW ZpxJ kXyw A\p-`h kmyam-Wv. temI-apkvenwI Cu hnip \K-c-sf a-Xp
apI-d-ax Fpw aZo-\-Xp ap\-dx Fpw BZ-c-thmsS D]tbm-Kn-p-tm tIc-f-m aZo\ Fpw a-sbpw am{XamWv D]-tbm-Kn-m-dp--Xv.

akvPn-Zp--_hn
lnPvdb
- psS thf-bn \_nh bpw kzlm-_n-amcpw
aZo-\b
- n-se-nbtm HIw apv Ipnb e-mWv AhnSpv, CkvemanI cmjv{S-ns tI{-ambn akvPnZp-_
- hn
m]n-p--Xv. ]n-bpsS Npa CjvSn-Ibpw XqWp-I
Cu--\-bpw tapc Cu--\-bpsS a-ep-am-bn-cp-p.
]mbtbm hncntm Cm an-em-bn-cp-p. \nkvImcw \nln-n-cp-X
- v. Cu-\ Ipn-bm-bn-cpp As anlvdm-_v.
Bfp-I hn-m XpSnbtm lnPvd-bpsS
Ggmw hjw ]n- Aw hnI-kn-n-p. Fmw hjw ]nbn aqv ]Sn-If
- p an m]n-s-p. lnPvdb
- psS ]Xnt\gmw hjw Da BWv akvPn-Zp-_
- hn ]p\\nmWw
\S-n-b-Xv. ]n-bn ]mb hncn-p-Xpw Am-bn-cp-p.
]noSv lnPvd29 Jeo^m Dkvam s Imepw
tijw Da-hn `c-W-Im-ev heoZv _v\p A_vZp aenns t\Xr-Xz-nepw akvPn-Zp--_hn hnI-kn-np. ]nbpsS \mev`mKpw an\m-c- ]Wn-XXpw A-l-am-Wv.
]noSv Am-knm Ime-L-
- n alvZn am{Xta ]n hnIkn-n-sm-q. AXv lnPvd 165 Bbn-cp-p. lnPvd 888
kpm JmbvXp-_m-bpsS Ime-mWXv. lnPvd 1277
kpm A_vZp aPoZv 12 hjw \op \np
hn]p-eo-I-cW {Inb-I- sNbvXp.

20 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

lnPvd 1372 (1926) kDuZn `c-W-Iq-S-ns m]I-\mb aenIv A_vZp Akokv abpw aZo-\bpw DssS-bp lnPm-kns `c-W-ta--Sp--tm Bcw`n hn]peo-I-cW{]h-\- aI kDu-Zns Imew hscpw
\op-\n-p.
lnPvd 1414 (1994) aenv ^l-Zns hn]p-eo-I-cWw
Ncn-{X-nse Ghpw _rl-m-b-Xm-bn-cp-p. ]n-bnepw
]nv Npp-ap am_n ]Xn Xd-bnepw 650000 t]v
Htc-ka
- bv \nkvIc
- n-m\p ]mI-n kuI-cy- \Sn-p-v. \mev an\m-c- Dm-bn-cp-Xv Cv ]m-Wv. 72
ao-dmWv Hmtcm-n-sbpw Db-cw.
hmbp km-c-n\v b{-hIr-X-ambn Xpd-m\pw
AS-m\pw km[n-p 27 Jp-Ifpw apI-fn-tev Ibdphm\pw Cd-p-hm\pw \mev Fen-th-d- p-I (sshZypX Hmtmam-nIv tImWn-I), Am tImWn-I ]Xn-t\-sg--ap-v.
Bbn-c
- W
-
- n\v tSmbvse-p-I, hpfp sNm-\p Smp-I,
Ch-sbmw ]nv ]pd-mbn A {Kun-emWv kwhn[m-\n-n-cn-p--Xv. ( IQG j~e jQJ )

akvPn-Zp--_-hn-bpsS alXzw
a-bnse akvPn-Zp ldmw Ign-m Ghpw
t{ijvS-amb ]n akvPn-Zp--_-hn-bm-Wv. \_nh ]d-p.
""Fs Cu ]n-bn shv \nkvI-cn-p-Xv akvPn-Zp
ldmam ]n-bn shv Bbncw XhW \nkvI-cn-p-Xn\v Xpey-am-Wv.'' ( G , QdG )
asmcp Xncp-h-cp ImWp-I. ""Hcm Hcp hJvXpw
]mgm-msX ]q-amb 40 hJvXv \nkvImcw Fs ]nbn shv \nkvI-cn-m \cI in-bn \npw I]S

21 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

hnizm-k-n \npw c-{]m-]n--Xmbn tcJ-s-Sp-p-Xm-Wv.'' ( GdG , ~MCG )

dufm ico^v F-dn-b-s-Sp ew Cu ]nbn- e m- W v . ]pmc- \ - _ n- h bpsS J_-dp--co-^n\pw AhnSs an-dn\pw CS-p e-am-Wn-Xv. {]tXyIw {inm Cu m\v ImWp 19 XqWp- I v s]bv Snp thXn-cn-p-p-v.

duf-p--co^ !
duf-tbmSv tNp \np hoSmWv Bbni _ohnbp-tS-Xv. AXn-emWv ]pmc\_nh sb-bpw A_q-_-
kznoJv, Da s\bpw J_-d-S-n-bn-p--Xv Fv apv ]dn-cp-p-htm. A_q-_- kznoJv Xs Iqp-Im-c-\mbn-cp ]pm-c\
- _nh bpsS kao-]p Xs ad-am-Ss
- Sm
aI Bbn-i-tbmSv B{Klw {]I-Sn-np-Ibpw Ah-c-Xn\v
A\p-aXnsImSp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
i{Xp-hns Iptv Cu temI-tmSv hnS-]-d-bm
t\cw Da Xs Ccp Iqp-Im-cpsS AcnsI Ay-hn-{iaw
sImm-\p A`n-emjw tXSn Bbni _ohn-(d)bpsS ASptv Bsf hnp. Bbni _ohn (d) Da hn\pw
kao]m\w A\p-h-Znp sImSp-p. A-s\-bmWv aqv
J_-dp-I Bbni _ohn-(d)bpsS hon-em-b-Xv.
\_nh bpsS ]hn{X icocw aZo- \ - b n \nv
tamjvSnp sImp-t]m-Im Ap-X-hW {ia- \S-np-v. (adG Aah 648654, jdG dG ~e IS)
knbm-d
- n\v hcp hnizm-kn-If
- psS Xncv \nb-{nm\pw Bh-iy-amb \nt-i- \Im\pw hf-n-bamcpw, t]meo-kp-Imcpw J_i-co-^n-t\m-S-Sp mn\p apIfn ImWm Ignbpw.

22 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

]pm-c-\_nh bpsS J_-dp--co-^n-\-Spv ZpB

sNm t]mepw apv A\p-hm-Za
- p-m-bn-cp-n-. AhnsS ISp-Iq-Snb XuloZpw inpw kw_-n sXmb hmZ-fn hniz-kn-p, km{am-Py-ns IogneI-s-p-t]mbn
F ZpxJw apkvenw temIw Ime--fmbn thZ-\-tbmsS ISnn-d-pp. Fm CubnsS kuZocmPmhv Xncp-\-_n-bpsS
khn-[-n hv ssI Dbn ZpB sNp- cwKw
am[yafn I-tm hm Bizmkw tXmn.

\appw t]mImw
Xncp-k-n-[n-bn-tev
""R-smv t]mtbm-t''
aZo-\-bn knbm-dv t]mIp--Xns\ IpdnmWv Ipq-cp-kvXmZv ]d-bp-Xv. AZ-_n-msX tIdn-s-m ]n-. AXn\v
am\-kn-I-ambn Iptd Xm-sd-Sp-t--Xp-v. AsX, Fs
tami--c- \_nh ImWnt ? Rm\-s\ AhnsS
t]mhm-\m-Wv. ? \_n-h bpsS JZvdn-t\mSv Xnv t\mp-tm
Rm shdpw ]qPyw!. t_Pmdv Acn-p-I-b-dp-p. Imen\v
Xf, Rc-p-Iv hen-hv, CSv Hn-cn-p-p. Iptd
kzemv sNm-Ww, aZvlv ]mS-Ww, Xf amn am\-n-Iambn Duw ssIh-cn-W
- w, Fnte B Xncp lfvd
- n
\nm-\m-hq, C-s\-bmWv B A\p-cmKn lpPvd-bn-tev
t]mhp-X
- v.
Ak-dns ka-b-m-Wv. \ Xnc-p-v. R
_m_pem-an-eqsS {]th-in-p. Aen _mJhn Hmpp,
P\- Cd-p hgn-bmWv R Ib-dm Imv \np-Xv. apXz k-Xn-p. ]n-bn ISp cv dIv-Av
\nkvI-cn-p. ]n-bn Ccn-p-tm ssiJp\ Fs
ImXn a{n-pp,

23 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

"BZn Aabvv' F ]mv sNmn--cptam ?

AhnsS t]meo-kp-v, ]m-fhpw ]mcm-hmcw IWs
]cv InS-p P\--fpw. ]s A\p-cm-Knv Ip-I-fntm. ]cn-kc t_m[w \jvS-sv {]hm-N-I-\n ebn Hcp
Bin-Jn \nv Acw Bhiy IuXp-II
- c
- a
-
- . Rm
sas Ahn-Sps ImXp-If
- n sNmn-sm-Sp-p.
BZn Assas \qdp-mlv
AlvaZv \_n-bn kz-mlv
Aivd-^p JJv \_n-bp-mlv
BZ-c-hmb dkq-ep-mlv
_Zvdnepw Gdnb tim` \_n
_ohn Ban\ Xs kz_n
he-Zp Aao-\mbv h\_n
Bam _n dkq-en-mlv

]ns D-n Hcp Ic-n-em-bn-cp-p.

(Ip-q DkvXmZv, sXn-y-bpsS Kco_v \hm-kv)
at\m-l-c-amb ] Jpsb Ipdnv Ipq DkvXmZv ]mSnb
lrZblmcn-bmb hcn-I {in-p-I.

FL EG QG VhQ j
LGQ E G h jhQ Y
G QGL e eG a
ah aGh e J Y KCG
Xncp dufm..... hni-p-p, Zmln-p-p,
F\nv IpSn-\o Xcq
Rm aS--n-emWv

24 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

Xncp kmao]yw ImcWw, F

taml--sfm-sbpw \nn-em-Ws{X
\n\v ]pI-gvN. Idm Gs-Sp--hv
\o ]qo-I-cn-p-p.
] Jpv awKfw t\v sImv ]mSnb Ipq
DkvXmZns hcn-I Cv GXv Bin-Jn-s Npnepw hncnbp-Xv ImWmw.

p r n r n dr G In s bo - n n L
r GCn - p r fn r n dr G ~p u n S p s bo Ap Gnr ndr G p s o r dp kgGnh
] Jpv awK-f-
Ccp-tem-I--fp-sSbpw t\Xm-hns Jp
AXn t{ijvS IIp-fna

25 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

Xncp\_n kaw
CS-ap-dn-bmsX hnizm-kn-I HgnIn Fp-I-bmWv
]pmc\_n-bpsS Nmcv hv \nm\p DI-S-amb
B{K-l-tmsS, ]mmXy ]uckvXy tZi--fn \nv
B{^n- ImSp-I-fn \nv Atd-_y-bpsS hc `qan-bn
\nv {[ph{]tZ-i--fn \nv...
CXm B Xncp-k-n-[n-bn \mw \np-I-bm-Wv.
]pmc\_nhbpsS PohnX Imev \mw Av aZo\-bn ImWm t]mhp-tm Fsms acym-Z-I ]ment--Xptm AsXmw ]men-n-cn-Ww. i_vZ-ap-b-cpXv. Ahn-Sps khn-[
- n D-n kwkm-cn-c
- pXv Fv
A Xs i-ambn hne-n-bn-p-s Nn ad--cp-Xv.
As\ kwkm-cn-m k \-Ifpw Cm-Xm-bn-tm-Ipsav Jp-B ]d-bp-p.
\_n-hbpsS ]n-b \nv, D-n kwkm-cn-pXv tI-tm Da Ah-tcmSv tZiy-s-Sp-Ibpw ""\_n
bpsS ka-
- n shv i_vZa
- p-bnb \n A\y\mpIm-cm-bn-tmbn A-n Rm \n in hn[n-ts\''
Fv Kuc-h-tmsS XmnXpsNbvX kw`hw kzoImcy
tbmKy-ambn hn-p-v.
Bbn-i-_ohn (d), Xncp-\-_n-hbpsS ]Xv\namcn
Bcp-tStbm hon \nv BWn Xd-p i_vZw tI-tm
Ah i-ambn shdpv {]I-Sn-n-p-Ibpw \_nhbpsS
kn-[n-bn shv i_vZ-ap-m-p-Xv Bcm-sWv At]n-m Bsf ]d-b
-
- pIbpw sNbvXn-p-v. Ahn-Ss
Xncp- k - a - - n \npw Hcm- \ - h - i yIfnbpw ]mSn.
AhnsSbp-tm-sgmw Ahn-Sps lfvd-n \nkvIm-ctijw kemw sNm ]Xn-hm-p-I.
kemw ]d-bp--Xns D-a-amb Nne `mK-.

26 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

o oSsdGnh
o p n dr G dG njt GCn n r n Yn o sdG
. o Jo ncn Hn hn p dG o n M
r Qn hn o pMs dG
o hohD s dG o pn dr G
o n s dGnh Io ns dG
.pq dG n oSnQ nj np o Yr GCn In s bo hn nn pM
n hn nf~n u n S n j n r n Yn
p s dG n oSnQ nj n r n Yn o n s dG
p s dG s p fn nj n r n Yn o n s dG
p s dG In n N
p nj n r n Yn o n s dG
p s dG p r N
n n r N
n n j n r n Yn o n s dG
p s dG
n pM
n n j n r n Yn o n s dG
p s dG
n ep GC nj n r n Yn o n s dG
pnH nj n r n Yn o n s dG
jpfn nj n r n Yn o n s dG
pgnW j n r n Yn o qdG
n Wn j n r n Yn o n s dG
nM
r s dG u p fn nj n r n Yn o sdG
seCo G u p fn j n r n Yn o sdG
27 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

aZo-\-bn {in-t
Imcy-
1. akvPn-Zp-_
- h
- n-bn Fn-bm duf-bpsS `mKv ew
]nSn-p-I.
2. aZo-\-bn D-tm-sgmw Fm Pam-A-nepw Hmw
XIv_o apX ]p-sIm-p-I.
3. aZo-\-bn Xma-kn-p-tcw ]pm-c-\-_nv CjvS-an-m
Hcp-Im-cyhpw sNm-Xn-cn-p-I.
4. CAvXnIm^v A[n-Ic
- n-n-p-Ibpw AXym-hi
- y--msX
]pdv t]mhm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I.
5. \_n-hbpsS Xncp-k-aw ]nn-embnhcp cq]-n
\nkvI-cn-p-Itbm Ccn-p-Itbm sNm-Xn-cn-p-I.
6. aZo-\b
- nse tharK-sf \in-n-p-Itbm sNSntbm atm
ac-tam apdn-epw apw Ipw ]pdv sImp-t]m-Iepw ]mSnm-X
- m-Wv.
7. aZo-\-bn shv kp-p-t\m-p-I A[n-I-cn-n-p-I.
Jp-B JXw Xop-I. kzem-p-I hn-n-p-I.
8. akvPnZp-_-hn-bn Ahn-Sps {]nb-Iq-p-Imv kemw
A[n-Ic
- n-n-p-I.
9. aZo-\-bn shp-m-hp {]bm-k- an-p-I. Ah
{]I-S-am-m-Xn-cn-p-I.
10. aZo-\-msc BZ-cn-p-I.

28 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

aZo-\-bnse ki\
e-
aZo-\b
- nse Hmtcm Xcnbpw Ncn-{X-ns emf-\t- bpd ]pWy`qan-bm-sWp \mw Ip. AXn-hnsS hni-Zo-I-cnm-s\m-cp-n-bm Bbn-c--W-n\v t]Pp-I C\nbpw
thn-h-cpw. kqN-\-I-fn-eqsS Hsc-n-t\mw \S-mw.
P-p _Jo-Av
akvPnZp-_
- h
- n-bpsS Ing-p-`m-Kv ]n-bpsS J_dp-m t]mse hfsc ASp-mbn nXn-sN-p-p. ]Xn\m-bn-ct- mfw kzlm-_n-amcpsS J_-dnSw Chn-sS-bm-Wv. Fm
Znh-khpw CXv kin- kp-m-Wv.
DlvZv ]Xw
akvPn-Zp--_hnbn \nv GI-tZiw 5 Intem-ao-
Zqc-ap-v. "aivlZv lwk' F t]cn-em-W-dn-b-s-Sp-I. \_n
hHcn- ]dp ""DlvZv ]Xw \mw AXn-s\bpw AXv
\sbpw kvt\ln-p-p.'' (~MCG eJ QH)
""\nbw DlvZv ]Xw kz-Ih
- m-S
- f
- n Hns
Nmc-p-mhpw''(H)
NphsS ]d-bp--h-sbmw {][m\ tI{--fm-Wv.
akvPn-Zp J_m, akvPn-Zp Jn_vessX\n, akvPnZp ^Xlv, akvPn-Zp Kam-a, akvPn-Zp Ppan-A, akvPn-Zp CPm_, akvPn-Zp A_q Zdn K^m-cn, akvPn-Zp _Kve, akvPnZp Zplp-sse-^, akvPn-Zp ^fo-Jv, akvPn-Zp aKvk-e,
akvPn-Zp AJo-Jv, akvPn-Zp aivd-_n Dn C_vdm-low.
_Zvdv ipl-Zm-Av
aZo-\-bnse {][m\ knbm-dv tI{--fn HmWv

29 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

_Zvco-fpsS aJv_-d. _Zv ipl-Zm--fpsS auenZv Ignm

apAvan\o- - f n- .
AtXm- X p- t m- s gmw
AhnsSsbm sImXn-p hnizm-kn-I, Ah-cpsS
Xncplfvd
- n sNv knbm-dv \SpXv {]tXyI A\p`p-Xn- Xs-bm-Wv.
aZo-\-bn \nv GI-tZiw 200 Intem-ao- hgn-Zq-c-apv. ]cn-Nbk--cmb Aao-dp-amsc kao-]n-m AhnsS
t]mIm Ffp--am-Wv. _Zv ipl-Zm--fn ]Xn-\m-en ]Xnaq-v t]cpw ChnsSbmWv ad-s]v InS-p--Xv.
C\nbpw [mcmfw ki\ e- aZo-\-bn-ep-v.
A B ]pWy`qan-bn Fm-\p ku`mKyw \In A\p{K-ln--s. Bao

30 aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw

H HCG QT

~a G QT
aZo\Xp
ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw
31

cN-bn-Xm-hns IrXn-I
1. IYbpw Imcyhpw,
Adn-n-cn-t CkvemanI hn[n-I
2. ssI--c--fn-eqsS kz`mhw Xncn--dn-b,
{Kmt^m-fPn
3. Bcw`dkqh
hnkva-b--fpsS tim`\ Nn{X-
4. apkv enans hnPb amw
5. \nkvImcw
efn-Xw, B[n-Im-cnIw
6. Icp-W-bpsS \nemhv
7. hnip da-fzm
8. Xncp\_nhbpsS
apAvPnk-p-I
9. I--fn-tep Xpd hmXn
10. {]Im-iIw
11. aZo\Xp ap\-dx
a\-ns a[pcw
aZo\Xp ap\-dx a\-ns a[pcw