Glossary: One Two Three Four One Two Three Four One Two

glossary
http://www.jacmuse.com/cover/glossary.htm#vamp
glossary
Here is a listing of musical terms used within this text, simply defined and linked back into
the text. Many of the hyperlinks from within the text come to this page. The one / two / three
/ four choices to the right of each word entry are links back into the text where the term is
used. If there is a page titled by the term, choosing choice one will take the reader there. The
two choice tries to link the vocabulary term to a melodic application if applicable. The three
choice will link the term to a harmonic application of the term. The four choice to an artistic
concept or technique where the theory of the term is applied or to a hyperlink to a www. site
of the topic. Perhaps use this page as a search engine for finding discussions regarding a
particular musical term of interest. Oh, the definitions of the numerous slang terms included
here are of course debatable based on your own locale and degree of hipness.
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one two
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accidental
a symbol used to alter a pitch, usually by half step.

accidentals include the sharp ( # ) and flat ( b ) and others.
altered
when pitches of a scale or chord are changed from their

one two
diatonic identities, generally refers to upper structure
configurations of dominant seventh chords, could be used to three four
describe any non diatonic pitches.
ambiance
musical atmosphere, environment.
amen effect
my term, describes moving from the One chord to the Four

back to One, generally associated with gospel music.
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glossary
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antecedent
the "question" or first part of a musical phrase.
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common with non chordal instruments whereby the artist

arpeggiating simply arpeggiates each chord in the progression, usually an one two
the harmony easy way to clearly outline the chords / harmonic
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progression of a song.
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arpeggio
"harplike", "broken chord." a musical phrase comprised of

chord tones.
arrangements
the format that the performance of composition will follow, a one two
"map" of the tune, i.e., intro, head, solos, head, tag etc.
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slang for working out the arrangement the band will play
arrangements immediately preceding the performance of the tune,
one two
while you
generally done while on the bandstand, although greatly
wait
increasing the risk of a train wreak, seasoned players do this three four
all the time, especially on "casuals" or pick up gigs.
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artistic filters
to pass an motif through an existing structure, style or

concept.
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artistic
license
artistically fitting round pegs in square holes, what an artist

might want to have when their ideas are a bit ahead of their
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glossary
time etc., allows an artist to "stretch" conventional

guidelines, norms and standards.
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artistic
signature
aurally recognizable components of a particular players

artistic statement, i.e., tone, articulation, phrasing etc.
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atonality
music having no tonal center or sense of tonic.
one two
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to enlarge or supplement, usually associated with musical

one two
intervals, melodically often associated with the whole tone
augment (ed)
scale, chordally we find the augmented term associated with three four
the 4th and 5th degrees of the dominant seventh chord.
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augmented
6th chords
more found in traditional or classical music, so named by the one two

interval between the root and one of the upper voices, which
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forms the interval of an augmented 6th.
aurally
to hear through listening with one's ears, to recognize

theoretical musical elements by ear.
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authentic
a type of chord cadencing using tonic and dominant chords.
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ax
slang term for instrument.
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glossary
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backpedaling root motion counterclockwise to the cycle of fifths.
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backpocket
slang for something easily done.
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bag of licks
collection of your own favorite musical phrases or chord

changes.
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ballad
a style of song characterized by a slower, stately tempo with one two

an emotional content usually centered on the topic of love.
three four
Baroque
a style or period of European music and architecture

characterized by it's emphasis on ornamentation of line,
historically spanning the years of 1600 to 1750's.
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barre
a chord shape on stringed instruments whereby the index

finger of the fretting hand perpendicularly covers all of the
strings, in effect replacing the nut of the instrument.
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bass
lowest vocal register, lowest pitch of a chord, foundation of

the music.
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bebop
a rather complex style of American jazz historically from the

late 1930's to the 40's, pioneered by Charlie Parker, Thelonius one two
Monk, Dizzy Gillespie, Max Roach and many others,
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glossary
characterized by bright tempos, intricate melodies,

polyrhythms, extensive modulation and tremendous
excitement for the players and listeners alike.
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bending
pitches
the fine art of changing pitch by physically altering the

creation of the pitch, i.e., pushing or pulling a string, using a one two
slide on the strings, tightening the embouchure for horn
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players, bending pitches is often essential in delivering the
more elementary blues styles.
binary
usually associated with form in music, basically meaning

two parts making up the whole, as in the number 25 is a
binary number.
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birds' eye
slang for fermata, a symbol for suspending the forward

motion / time of the music.
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bitonal
two distinctly different aural colors used together.
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blowing
slang for soloing.
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blue notes
the third, augmented fourth and minor seventh pitches of the one two
blues scale.
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blueprint
in this text used to describe basic harmonic formulas or key
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glossary
blues
musical elements that are often associated with or define a

popular musical style.
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the core of American music styles.
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my term for a musical device that can quickly retonally

blues anchor center our improvisations, regardless of how "outside" the
tonality we have ventured, in this case a blues lick.
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blurring
my term to obscure the clarity, in this text usually to obscure one two
the tonal direction and defy the tonal gravity of a musical
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phrase.
block
refers to voicing each melody note with it's own chord /

harmony.
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borrow
a slang term to describe the concept of how non diatonic

elements are sifted into the major and minor tonalities.
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bridge
slang for the "B" section of the A / A / B / A and A / B form.
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broken chord
sounding the notes of a chord in succession as opposed to

being struck together, slang for arpeggio.
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glossary
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cacophony
seemingly unrelated combinations of sounds, oftentimes

using multiple tonal centers simultaneously.
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cadence
Two or more chords ending an event of musical tension,

commonly V 7 to I.
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cadenza
an open section where a player gets to play solo and

unaccompanied, usually found at the end of a song.
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call and
response
perhaps developed from religious services, whereby the

leader sings a phrase to which the congregation responds.
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called
slang for choosing a tune while on the bandstand. A callable one two
tune (standard) is one usually familiar to most players in the
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group.
capo
a device used by guitar players that "clamps" all the strings,

allowing open position chords to create other keys.
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career
musician
describes in this text a learner who has determined that

music will be their life work, to become a professional
musician, thus perhaps welcome a more demanding
curriculum from this text.
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casual
a gig characterized as the name implies, casual, maybe once

in a while as opposed to steady, which happens on a regular
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glossary
basis.
slang for musician / player / artist.
cell
a term that describes a musical idea that is the core idea for one two
expansion and development in musical composition / artistic
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work.
changes
slang for the chords of a song.
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chart
slang for a written musical score.
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chops
slang for a players ability to execute musical phrases.
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chord
different pitches struck and sounded together.
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chord degree
numerical label for pitches within a chord or arpeggio, i.e.,

1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th etc.
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viewing any chord or harmony in one of three families in

chord family relation to the major tonality, chords in each of the families
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cats
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glossary
provide one of three basic artistic elements, these are

stability (tonic), passing chord (two) and tension (five).
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chord
progression
specific cycles of chords.
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chord
substitution
replacing one chord with another, generally of the same

chord type.
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refers to a pitch used in the creation of a chord, the pitches

chord tone(s) used to create a particular chord, chord tones also create
arpeggios.
chord type
placing any chord or harmony in one of three categories, i.e.,

tonic ( I ), Two ( ii ) or Five ( V ) in relation to the major
one two
tonality, chords in each of the categories provide one of three
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basic artistic elements, these are stability ( tonic ), passing
chord ( Two ) and tension ( Five ).
chorus
one complete cycle of the entire form of a piece of music.
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chromatic
melodic or harmonic motion of consecutive half steps in

either direction.
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chromatic
simply to approach each of the pitches of a musical idea by
enhancement half step above or below.
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glossary
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chromatic
helmet
safety device worn by musically adventurous folks.
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chromatic
scale
group of pitches created exclusively with the interval of a

half step, containing 12 pitches with one octave.
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in historical order, to understand a series events in the

historical sequence in which they occurred.
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chronologically
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church modes
a collection of scales from antiquity which were

incorporated into the system of equal temper.
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classical
literature
a term used to describe the entire body of European music

based on the equal temperament system, dating from the 12
century or so.
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clich
stereotypical musical phrase spanning generations of players.
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click track
recording studio term for a metronomical beat usually

delivered via headphones to the recording players to help
solidify the groove.
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climax
high point of solo, release of music tension.
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glossary
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closure
to bring a sequential group of elements back to it's starting

point creating a closed loop, also used pedagogically within one two
the text to bring a theoretical concept to a conclusion as part three four
of the learning process.
clusters
usually a group of 3 to 5 pitches or so that are sequenced into

a cool idea, then rapidly articulated. oftentimes they are then one two
pushed through a larger cycle, i.e., chromatic, fifths, fourths, three four
minor third / fourths etc.
coda
Italian for "tail", a section of music added on to common

musical forms to provide perfect closure to the artistic idea
of the piece.
color
my term for describing a musical sound, like using the color one two
terms red or blue to describe the major or minor tonalities.
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color tones
any pitch used in a chord that is not part of the 3 note triad,
common slang term for upper structure chord tones of
diatonic harmony, i.e., 7th, 9th, 11th, 13th etc. and all their
alterations.
common
practice
as the term implies what everybody does, oftentimes defined

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by an era of history whereby folks basically used the same
artistic elements to create their sounds thus creating and
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defining a style of music.
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glossary
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common tone two musical components sharing a common pitch / pitches.
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comping
providing harmonic background for soloist, vocalist.
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composing
in this text, creating music, both spontaneously improvised

within musical time or written out.
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compound
intervals
intervals that exceed the span of one octave.
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connection
as the term implies, in joining all of the creative and

emotional aspects of artistic performers and their audience
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and the exchange of energies on so many different levels that
happens between them, i.e., the dynamics of a rewarding and three four
fulfilling performance for all involved.
consequent
the "answer" to the question or first part of a musical phrase, one two
see antecedent.
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consonant
the opposite of dissonant, describes a harmonious

relationship between pitches.
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constant
structure
simply moving the same chord voicing up or down in pitch.
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glossary
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contrary
motion
implies when two voices, as say within a chord, move in

opposite directions in regards to pitch, motion of chord
one two
voices in opposite directions, opposite of parallel motion,
which implies voices moving directionally together either up three four
or down.
contrasting
theme
in a musical composition containing two themes, the most

one two
important theme is termed the principle theme, while the
second theme is said to be in "contrast", thus the contrasting three four
theme.
to arrive at a destination or resolution, the morphing of one

tonal color to another, the theory which creates labels of the
convergence
colors as referred to in this text as "lines of tonal
convergence."
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one two
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cool jazz
style of American jazz that evolved in the 50's characterized

by more relaxed tempos, sparser harmonies and more
languid melodic lines, in part inspired from the M. Davis
one two
recording "Kind of Blue", the emergence of "cool jazz",
notably on the West Coast as pioneered by locals C. Baker, J. three four
Mulligan, and many others, today, late 90's and onward, also
used to define some contemporary and new age jazz.
could be
really means that I personally think so, my opinion in favor

of the idea postulated in the text, prompting the "could be."
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glossary
in the music world, literally point versus point, where the

points are pitches, the theoretical study of the evolution of
counterpoint
voice leading between two or more melodic lines, a style of
composing popular during the Baroque period.
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cover tunes
slang term for popular songs, many of which are often top
40, often found in dance band repertoires in any of the
American styles of music.
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cycles per
second
the frequency that a pitch vibrates at, i.e., the tuning pitch A
a minor 3rd below middle C on the piano vibrates at 440
cycles per second.
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a pictorial "clocklike" representation and way to organize the

one two
cycle of fifths 12 tonal or key centers of the equal temperament system,
/ fourths
based on the root motion of perfect fifths, usually clockwise, three four
or it's inverse, the perfect fourth (counterclockwise).
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dc / da capo
Italien for "head", denoting the start of the musical form or

song.
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deceptive
cadence
harmonic motion of the Five chord moving to Six in the

major tonality.
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default
in computer lingo, the original settings of the software, in

this text the "default" becomes various mainstays in
American music, it's performance and theories of
organization.
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glossary
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my slang term for downright basic, simple in the mud blues

delta changes chord changes, to "play primitive" as i've heard it been
described, derived from the style Delta Blues.
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diatonic
using only pitches within the key signature.
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diatonic
harmony
building chords using only the notes contained within a

given key signature.
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digitron
Euro slang for a mathematical calculator?
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diminished
to make smaller, reducing an interval by half step.
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diminished
chord
stacking intervals of a minor third, i.e., C, Eb, Gb, A etc.
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diminished
interval
usually associated with reducing the size of the perfect

intervals by half step, also reducing the size of minor
intervals by half step.
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diminished
scale
adding neighbor tones to the diminished chord to create a

symmetrical scale group such as the whole step / half step
configuration of C, D, Eb, F, Gb, Ab, A, B, C etc.
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glossary
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discern
to figure out by inductive reasoning.
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disguise
to mask or obscure one's appearance or intent.
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dissonant
combining aural sounds creating an unpleasant effect.
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divine
from the heavens above.
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dominant
term used to designate the pitch which is a perfect fifth

interval above the fundamental, as say in the major / relative one two
minor scales, chords built on this 5th scale degree are termed three four
dominant chords.
dominant
harmony
chords built on the 5th scale degree of the major / relative

minor scales ( and other scales that contain a pitch a perfect
5th above the root ), also used to describe the tonal
environment generally associated with American blues
music.
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dominant
seventh
in this text refers to any chordal color that incorporates a

tritone interval between the third and the seventh degrees of
the chord,
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glossary
refers to a quality within the harmony where one or more of

double (ing)
the chord tones is present twice ( doubled ) or more in
/ to "double"
the same voicing.
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double stop
articulating two pitches simultaneously, common for string

players, piano etc.
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doubletime
when the tempo of a song is increased to go twice as fast as

the original pace, improvising musicians will do this in
performance.
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drag
slang for playing slower than the tempo being employed, i.e., one two
"dragging", not keeping up with the tempo.
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drone
in music, often a sound of indeterminate or varying pitch that

pulsates through the music, usually associated with primitive one two
indigineous music, this drone has partly evolved into our
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well tuned, modern day pedal point.
the mixing of major and minor tonal elements as found in the one two
dual tonalities blues styles, that different tonalities exist within the same
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grouping of pitches.
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dynamics
refers to how soft or loud a note (s) is articulated, i.e.,

volume of sound.
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edge
slang for the top of the tune, form etc.
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glossary
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eighth note
division of the quarter note into two equal parts.
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elide ( d )
to supress or pass over in silence, to carry a musical sound

across the bar line.
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my term to describe the emotional quality created by the

one two
emotional
various musical elements within American music. Examples
environment
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of this concept include blues, major, minor etc.
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the sounds we use to create the various styles of American

entire musical
music, scales, chords, blue notes and all the pitches in
resource
between.
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encapsulate
surrounding the target pitch with other tones.
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environment
authors term to describe a particular musical setting for a

song i.e., usually major, minor, modal, blues etc.
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enharmonic
two labels for one pitch, i.e. "A#" or "Bb."
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episode
refers to one repetition of the basic motive within a
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glossary
sequence.
system of musical organization based on the division of the
equal
octave into 12 equal pitches, as a system of tuning in
temperament
practical use from roughly 1722, Bach's "Well Tempered
system
Clavier."
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three four
one two
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EuroAmer
attempts top encompass and describe the migration of people one two
from Europe to America over the last 500 years or so, the
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history of their traditions and their ways of making music.
European
musical
ancestors
in historical sequence; Bach, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven,

Brahms, Wagner, Debussey, Stravinsky and every one of
your "classical" favorites.
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explore
"crunching" down the theory.
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experiment
using theoretical concepts to generate new combinations.
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extended /
extensions
refers to chords that include pitches above the three notes of one two
the triad, see upper structure components / colortones.
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fake books
collections of lead sheets from various music publishers, also one two
known as "real" books.
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glossary
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fermata
a pause, hold or breath in the musical performance, usually

conducted, commonly found at the end of a composition.
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filter
my concept and term of artistic creation whereby an artistic

idea i.e., a motif, is passed through a structured framework,
ex. to move a triad (motif) chromatically (filter).
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first inversion
a chord voicing where the lowest pitch of the chord is third

chord degree, i.e., C / E.
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five of five
a cycling of dominant chords, i.e., D 7 to G 7 etc.
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flat
a musical notation symbol ( b ) that lowers a pitch by half

step.
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form
definite patterns of musical compositions.
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formula
numerical equations that create various musical components.
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forward
motion
creating a sense of anticipation in the music.
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glossary
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four finger /
four fret
a common technique for guitar players whereby each of the

four fingers of the hand fretting the pitches on the
fingerboard assume responsibility for articulating their
respective pitches within a span of four frets.
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fourth
inversion
a chord voicing where the lowest pitch of the chord is ninth

chord degree, i.e., C / D.
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function
how a particular chord type reacts within tonal gravity, chord one two
progressions etc., i.e. tonic, minor seventh or dominant chord
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types.
fundamental
the starting pitch from which an overtone series is created,

starting pitch of musical scales, the root of a chord etc.
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funk
a style of inner urban rock / blues popular during the late

70's and onward.
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gear
music slang term for instruments, amps, processors, reeds,

speakers, microphones etc.
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genre
a broad category or subject heading.
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gillion
slang for a lot.
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glossary
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gig / giging
slang for where the music is happening, oftentimes a

professional musical job, i.e., "the gig."
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grace note
a pitch articulated as a quick lead in to another pitch usually

by half step, also a trill or turn of pitches.
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groups of pitches as used by the ancient Greeks; namely

Greek modes Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian and Mixolydian, we use the same
labels today with the more modern church modes.
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groove
slang for emotional and rhythmic content of a particular style one two
of music.
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groups of
pitches
my term describing musical scales, i.e., the C major scale is

also the C major grouping of pitches.
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guide tones
often sustained pitches creating a stepwise melodic line

within a series of chord changes, simple melodic lines that
help define the chord quality of the harmony.
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half cadence
cadential motion where the tonic goes to the Four or Five

chord.
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half
diminished
chord
diatonic Two chord in the minor tonality, diatonic Seven

one two
chord in the major tonality, basically a generic minor seventh
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chord type with a diminished fifth.
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glossary
half step
the smallest intervalic division within the system of equal

temperament, i.e., by half step or chromatic.
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half step lead approaching the target pitch or chord from half step above or one two
in
below.
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half step /
whole step
alternate interval approach to creating the diminished color.
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hardrive
slang for our mind, memory, instantaneous recall etc.
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harmonic
a "pure" pitch created by lightly touching a string at specific

divisions to produce "harmonics."
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harmonic
minor scale
a group of pitches which creates the minor tonality

distinguished by including a minor third, minor sixth and
major seventh above the root.
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harmonization to add chords (harmony) to support a melody.
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harmony
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chords used to support a melody.
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glossary
head
slang for the melody of a song, also denotes the top of the
form.
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hipify
my slang term ( ? ) for making something hip or hipper as

the case might be.
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hills in which
my slang term ( ? ) for our planet Earth.
we live
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hook
slang term for the main musical motif of a composition, that one two
goofy melody lick that gets stuck in the head, the one that
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won't shake loose, that's a melodic "hook."
horizontal
term that describes the basic shape created by the pitches of

a melodic line, generally implying step wise motion.
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hue
used to describe a particular shade of a common color, i.e.

the various "hues of green", lime, kelly, neon etc.
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hyperlink
perhaps the most important symbol / device ever devised by one two
humankind to record a word or concept, allowing ideas to be
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connected with other ideas with the click of a button.
imperfect
V to I harmonic cadential motion with the tonic pitch not in

both bass and lead of One chord, creating a less definite
sense of closure, the release of tension or coming to rest.
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glossary
improvise
to spontaneously create solutions, in American music, most

commonly to mean the creation melodic lines.
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in the lead
refers to the highest pitch in a chord voicing.
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incomplete
a chord voicing where the lowest pitch of the chord or root is one two
omitted.
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indigenous
originating in a particular geographical area, native.
one two
three four
individualizing creating an educational curriculum for each person based on one two
instruction
their own needs and unique ways of learning.
three four
25 of 59
indy
slang for music industry.
one two
three four
inside
jazz slang for diatonic musical ideas.
one two
three four
interval
term used to measure the musical distance between two

pitches.
one two
three four
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glossary
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intervallic
symmetry
when the intervals used to create a musical component are

the same, could also be a combination of intervals which is
repeated (cell).
one two
three four
intonation
a term used to describe various properties of tuning.
one two
three four
intro
slang for the music that introduces a song.
one two
three four
inversions
chord voicings where the lowest pitch of the chord is not the one two
named root of the chord i.e, third, fifth, seventh degree as the
three four
bass pitch etc.
invert
reversing of a musical interval from ascending to descending one two

or vice versa.
three four
inverted pedal
diatonic common tone in top voice of a chord progression.
tone
one two
three four
jamm
to get together with friends and play music.
one two
three four
jamm loop
as used here within this text, a play along midi sound file.
one two
three four
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glossary
jam session
a gig where everybody gets to play.
one two
three four
jass
early historical label of the late 19th century for music

commonly known today as jazz.
one two
three four
jazz
style of American music.
one two
three four
jazz mantra
my tongue in cheek term for the degree of knowledge and

the exhausting of the resources that jazz players enjoy.
one two
three four
just
intonation
a system of tuning whereby the major 3rd and 5th are

perfectly acoustically correct while the other pitches of the
scale are derived from these two intervals and their
inversions.
one two
three four
kaboom
my term for when a learners existing knowledge of the

theory dramatically expands by the addition of one new
concept or element, creating a new musical horizon.
one two
three four
key
the tonal center of a musical composition, i.e., a song in C

major is in the key of C major.
one two
three four
term used to describe the number of sharps or flats

one two
key signature associated with each of the twelve major / minor keys, eases
three four
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8/27/14 8:08 PM
glossary
the writing and reading of music by placing diatonic

accidentals at the beginning of the piece.
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lay out
slang term meaning "not to play", i.e., to lay out of the mix.
one two
three four
lead
refers to the highest pitch ( voice ) in a chord voicing.
one two
three four
leader
the person responsible for organizing the music and

musicians ( sideman ) for a musical event, also the artistic
focus of a recording session.
one two
three four
lead sheets
written music including the melody and appropriate chord

symbols.
one two
three four
leading tone
the pitch a half step below the tonic, the 7th degree of the
major scale.
one two
three four
leap
melodic motion of an interval greater than a major third

between two pitches.
one two
three four
learning
block
an obstacle to learning, often created by the learner based on one two

their prior educational and life experiences, obstacles to be
three four
identified and overcome.
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glossary
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one two
three four
learning style
by what educational activity or environment an individual

best learns, by reading, writing, speaking, playing etc.
legato
a style of phrasing a melodic idea where the pitches of the

one two
line are smoothly connected, as little separation between the
three four
pitches as possible.
lick
slang for a musical phrase.
one two
three four
literature
the whole body of written music ever created and written

down.
one two
three four
localized
position
executing musical ideas in one area of the fingerboard.
one two
three four
loops of
pitches
my term to describe when a group of pitches or scale

intervalically closes onto itself, or in electronic music, the
virtual repetition of a phrase as say an 8 bar drum pattern.
one two
three four
lute
stringed instrument and ancestor to the guitar.
one two
three four
major scale
the group of pitches that creates the major tonality, also

known as the Ionian mode, one of two basic groups of
pitches used to create the system equal temperament.
one two
three four
8/27/14 8:08 PM
glossary
major
tonality,
describes the color of music that is based upon the major
major tonal triad, major scale, Ionian mode etc.
environment
one two
three four
making the
changes
slang for when an emerging artist / soloist clearly articulates one two
the harmony ( changes ) in their lines.
three four
master of
disguise
describes a player who creates different illusions of the

storyline of a song while always retaining the emotional
essence of it's central theme, opposite of "master of the
obvious."
one two
three four
master of the describes music where an experienced listener can accurately one two
obvious
guess where the music is going.
three four
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measure
numbers
a counting number applied to each measure within a piece

written music to help locate one's place.
one two
three four
mediant
chord built on the third scale degree of the major / relative

minor scale.
one two
three four
melodic
minor scale
a group of pitches creating the minor tonality distinguished

by including a minor third, major sixth and major seventh
above the root.
one two
three four
melodic
superimposing different parent scales, often based on chord
one
two
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glossary
substitution
substitutions.
three
four
melody
a series of musical tones that expresses an emotional

thought?
one two
three four
metronome
mechanical device for practice which creates consistent

clicks to represent the beats of music, the rate of which is
adjustable from fast ( allegro ) through slow ( largo ).
one two
three four
midden
the pile of detritus material created by squirrels from

munching the seeds of pine cones, it's an Alaskan thing.
one two
three four
middle
register
the center pitches of the overall range of a musical

one two
instrument, usually consisting of the pitches with the span of
three four
a major 10th.
the interval between two pitches of a minor 7th, a minor

one two
minor seventh triad with a minor 7th, a tonic 7th chord in the natural minor
three four
tonality and a Two chord type in the major tonality.
minor
tonality,
describes the color of music that is based upon the major
minor tonal triad.
environment
mix
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one two
three four
the combined blend of all the instruments in the group when

one two
sounded together, often concerned with setting volumes,
three four
tones and such things as the e.q.'s, and reverbs in an
8/27/14 8:08 PM
glossary
electronic setting.
modal blues
a blues performance format whereby the performance is

basically a four bar phrase based on the tonic V 7th chord,
not following the traditional 12 bar blues form.
modern
as mostly used in this text, either implies a historical idea or

one two
that the musical components used to create the music are
well advanced into the upper structure parts of the arpeggio, three four
polytonal sounds etc.
modes
ancient term for scale, also deriving a scale from within a

scale, i.e., the older church modes from the present day
major scale, the original Greek modes, Dorian, Phrygian,
Lydian and Mixolydian.
one two
three four
modulate
to change keys, tonal centers or emotional environments.
one two
three four
mon ami
French for "my friend."
one two
three four
one two
three four
one theme, artistic creations with one theme, like a theme

one two
monothematic park with just one ride, that you want to keep going on again
three four
and again, i.e., the blues.
monster
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slang for a musician with tremendous musical abilities.
one two
three four
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glossary
used within this text to describe a change of tonality, i.e.,

major to minor, tonic family to dominant family etc.
motif /
motive
a re-occurring artistic idea which is developed throughout an one two

artistic piece.
three four
Motown
style of American pop music from the 1960's, the Supremes,

Smokey Robinson, Marvin Gaye, Stevie Wonder on and on. one two
Motown from motorcity perhaps?, is slang for the city of
three four
Detroit, Michigan.
movable
shapes
usually applied to guitar, where a scale or chord shape can be one two
moved intact up and down the fingerboard, as opposed say to
three four
open string shapes etc.
multiphonics
articulating two pitches simultaneously, used usually to

describe an effect with horn players.
one two
three four
music
software
the music software to create the musical examples in this

text is created by Coda Corporation, it is Finale 2001a,
which is very excellent indeed.
one two
three four
musical
evolution
the continual quest by artists to expand the existing musical

forms and resources so as to better portray the triumphs,
struggles and philosophies of humankind.
one two
three four
that the numerical equivalents given to the pitches also

musical math perfectly close upon themselves or "proof" themselves by
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one two
three four
morph
one
two
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glossary
perfectly closing back to their starting point.
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three four
musicologist the scholar of music history.
one two
three four
musical
intervals
one two
three four
measuring the distance between two pitches as defined by

the number of half steps between them.
natural minor from the Aeolian mode, also major / relative minor.
one two
three four
nature /
nurture
one two
three four
instinctual or learned, that is the question ...
neighbor tone closely related pitches by physical proximity.
one two
three four
n'est pas?
from the French, translated here as "isn't that so?"
one two
three four
non diatonic
in analysis of music, implies pitches not part of the tonic

parent scale used to create a piece of music, can be melodic
or harmonically identified.
one two
three four
note
term to describe a musical sound or tone, i.e., a pitch.
one
two
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glossary
three four
octave
a pitch created by dividing the fundamental pitch or string

length in half, a 2 : 1 ratio, so as to make the upper pitch
vibrate twice as fast as the lower, the interval range
containing the 8 diatonic tones of the major scale.
octave
closure
the principle by which a seven note scale becomes 8 with the one two
inclusion of the root's octave to create the looping closure of
three four
equal tempered resources.
offbeat
in European music and analysis, the offbeat is said to be the

2nd and 4th beats of 4 / 4 time, the 2nd and 3rd beats in 3 / 4 one two
time etc., opposite of onbeat or the 1st beat of the measure in three four
4 / 4 time.
open chords
refers to stringed instruments whereby chord shapes include

pitches from unstopped strings, open chords are usually
found within the first 3 frets on the guitar.
one two
three four
oral
by word of mouth, passing along ideas through the spoken

word, an ancient teaching style of passing along ideas from
one generation to the next.
one two
three four
organic
used to describe the diatonic origin of musical components,

when one's musical evolution happens from within.
one two
three four
ostinato bass this term is borrowed from the European classical cats and
simply implies a simple rhythmic figure that is repeated
figure
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one two
three four
one
two
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glossary
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many times, a great way to build musical suspense.
three four
outro
slang for improvising a musical vamp used to end a song

while performing, intro / outro.
one two
three four
outside
non diatonic musical ideas, sounds and colors.
one two
three four
overtones
the pitches contained within a vibrating column of air, a

plucked string etc., similar to the different colors in the
breakdown or "white light", i.e., the colors of the rainbow.
one two
three four
overtone
series
mathematical breakdown of a vibrating string or column of one two

air into parts, which become different musical pitches termed
three four
overtones.
palette
platform for mixing colors.
parent scale
refers to the main group of pitches used to create a song, a

chord or emotional environment, i.e., the C major scale is the one two
parent scale of a song written in the key of C major whose
three four
tonic chord is C major 7.
parallel
motion
describes moving one chord voicing up or down in pitch.
one two
three four
one two
three four
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glossary
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parody
usually meaning to creating different words to a popular

melody, a musical satire if you will, kids do this a lot.
one two
three four
partials
term used to describe the overtones created from the

sounding of a fundamental musical tone.
one two
three four
passing tones
essentially non chord tone pitches which are within the

rhythmic range of a harmonic structure or chord.
one two
three four
passing chord
transitory chord between principle chords, as defined by era

and style.
one two
three four
pedagogy
the study of how we undertake the process of learning

something, the development of a curriculum of study for a
topic or subject.
one two
three four
pedal tones
sustained pitch within the fabric of the music, usually in an

outer voice, i.e., bass or treble.
one two
three four
surely the worst thing about being a teenager, don't submit,

peer pressure strive to be yourself and develop your natural talents, then
share the magic of your music with those you love.
one two
three four
pentatonic
scale
one two
three four
ancient musical scale containing five pitches creating both

the major and minor tonalities.
8/27/14 8:08 PM
glossary
penultimate
the second to last in the hierarchy of a group of tones.
one two
three four
perfect
Five ( V ) to One ( I ) cadential motion with the tonic pitch

in bass and lead of the One chord.
one two
three four
perfect
intervals
the first three intervals derived from the overtone series, the
octave, perfect 5th and perfect 4th.
one two
three four
perfectly
invert
when the numerical measurement between pitches is the

one two
same whether moving up or down, i.e., as the tritone interval
three four
splits the span of one octave perfectly in half.
in this text implying preparing for performance, whether

performance preparing to spontaneously improvise our music, work out
every pitch or a combination of both.
one two
three four
performance the mood, form, tonality and rhythms of a particular piece of one two
vehicle
music, creating categories such as a ballad, swing Latin etc. three four
38 of 59
period
a European term used in the discussion of form in music,

one two
whereby a musical phrase becomes as a sentence in prose,
also a historical era of musical style, such as the "swing" era. three four
permutation
recombining existing combinations into new configurations.
one two
three four
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glossary
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phrase
term for a musical or verbal statement, expression of an idea.
one two
three four
phrasing
describes how a particular player articulates their phrase or

ideas, part of a person's artistic signature.
one two
three four
Picardy third
using the major third in cadential motions in the minor

tonality, usually the last chord of the piece.
one two
three four
pick up note
one or more notes or chords used as an intro into a melody,

verse etc.
one two
three four
pivot chord
a term used to describe the chord used to move from one key
one two
center to another, most often a dominant type chord which
contains pitches of the key center the music is modulating
three four
towards.
plagel
originally from the Greeks, who used this term to describe a

"mode within a mode", in modern times often referring to a
chord cadencing with the tonic and subdominant chords.
planing
(plane - ing)
describes moving one chord voicing by half step, whole step one two
etc.
three four
pocket
slang to describe when the groove / rhythm is locked in

among the players creating it, the place where cool grooves
one two
three four
one two
three four
8/27/14 8:08 PM
glossary
hang out.
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polyphony
two or more musically significant melodic ideas played

simultaneously without chordal accompaniment.
one two
three four
polytonality
the simultaneous use of more than one key center.
one two
three four
popular
term used to describe melodies that every listener of

American music might recognize and perhaps hum the tune
from memory, also famous players and established musical
styles.
one two
three four
position
usually for players of stringed instruments, position

generally refers to the placement of the 1st finger (index) of
the hand fretting the strings.
one two
three four
post bop
a period in jazz history after bebop, the music characterized one two
by more complex cycles of chords and modulation to distant
three four
key centers.
pour moi
French for "for me."
one two
three four
pour toi
French for "for you."
one two
three four
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glossary
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pre-knuckle
my term to describe a concept that goes way back in the

history of our evolution, from "knuckle-dragging."
one two
three four
principle
triads
the One, Four and Five triads / chords of the major and
minor tonalities.
one two
three four
public
used to describe music that we hear incidentally in public

places, an elevator, the grocery store etc.
one two
three four
quarter note
rhythmic designation of one beat in 4 / 4 time.
one two
three four
quartile
refers to melodic motion and chordal harmony created in

fourths.
one two
three four
quote
generally means to play part of the melody of one song in

another.
one two
three four
range
describes the available pitches, from the lowest to the

highest pitches, on any given instrument.
one two
three four
realization
the actual music created from musical symbols,

philosophically, what a player thinks when they see G 7.
one two
three four
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glossary
real book
collection of published songs, also called "fake" books.
one two
three four
real time
refers to "as it is happening"
one two
three four
registration
refers to the pitch range of a particular instrument.
one two
three four
reharmonization
working out a new set of chord changes for a melody.
one two
three four
one group of pitches that creates two tonalities based on their

intervalic formula i.e., C major / A natural minor. There are one two
relative major
12 different major keys, 12 different minor keys, all created
minor scales
from two distinct shapings of the same intervalic formula, so three four
24 possible tonal centers.
42 of 59
relative minor
the minor tonality balance as found within the major scale,

sharing identical key signatures thus pitches.
one two
three four
resolve
to release musical tension.
one two
three four
retrograde
implies a reverse or backward motion.
one
two
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glossary
three four
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rhythm
changes
a set of stock chord changes used for writing tunes such as "I one two
Got Rhythm and "Oleo."
three four
ride
slang for soloing, to take a ride, to improvise musical

dialogue in real time.
one two
three four
ride time
slang for the amount of time a player gets to solo.
one two
three four
riff
slang for a short musical phrase.
one two
three four
ritard
slowing down the pace of the music for dramatic effect,

often found at the end of performing a song.
one two
three four
right on it
slang for starting a song directly with the melody, i.e., no

introduction.
one two
three four
roll
term used to describe a definite picking pattern on a stringed

instrument, often associated with the banjo, i.e., a banjo roll, one two
perhaps the earliest of the popular American stringed
three four
instruments, also a series of drum strokes.
8/27/14 8:08 PM
glossary
44 of 59
Roman
numerals
symbols used by theorists to denote a particular chords

location within a key, based on the scale degrees of the tonic one two
scale, upper case ( IV ) denoting major sounds, lower case ( three four
iv ) , the minor colors.
root
fundamental pitch of a chord, also used in naming the chord, one two
i.e. C is the root of a C major chord.
three four
root position
a chord whose identifying pitch is the root or lowest pitch of one two
the chord.
three four
rubato
to "rob", displacement of musical time within a given tempo one two

to accommodate interpretive phrasing.
three four
running
slang term for executing a musical idea through various

filters, permutations, chord changes i.e., "running changes."
one two
three four
rush
playing faster than the tempo being employed.
one two
three four
samba
Latin flavored dance groove based on a two or four

subdivision of the beat.
one two
three four
scales
groups of of selected pitches.
one two
three four
8/27/14 8:08 PM
glossary
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scale degree
putting a numerical label on pitches within a scale in relation one two

to a tonic pitch.
three four
scat
slang for the vocalization of musical phrases.
one two
three four
second
inversion
a chord voicing where the lowest pitch of the chord is fifth

chord degree, i.e., C / G.
one two
three four
secondary
dominant
chord
creating a dominant chordal color on a scale degree other

than Five in the major tonality, when one dominant chord
precedes another, i.e., D 7 to G 7 etc.
one two
three four
segue
(segway)
a compositional component that is used to smoothly connect one two

sections within arrangements or one song with another,
three four
creating a continuous flow of the music.
sequence
an ordered series of events.
serialist
a method of musical composition whereby the parent scale is

one two
created from all of the 12 pitches and can be modulated to
any of the tonal centers of the chromatic scale, often termed three four
12 tone composition.
seventh chord
generally implies a chord containing a triad and seventh

chord degree.
one two
three four
one
two
8/27/14 8:08 PM
glossary
three four
46 of 59
shape
in this text a slang term used to describe a chord voicing as

created on a guitar or other chordal stringed instrument.
one two
three four
sharp
in tuning, to create a sound slightly above the desired pitch.

in notation, the # symbol to raise the written pitch by half
step.
one two
three four
shedding
slang for practicing.
one two
three four
sheets of
sound
originally a music critics term used to describe the physical

effect of rapidly articulated arpeggios, originated by John
Coltrane during the 60's.
one two
three four
usually the last chorus of a song being performed whereby

all of the players involved turn the passion of their part up a
shout chorus
notch or two, i.e., to shout. Common in the blues and
Dixieland styles.
one two
three four
one two
three four
shred
slang for the sound of tearing up steel, associated with the

various types of overdrive / distortion sounds for guitar.
shuffle
slang for a blues groove usually in 12 / 8, using a triplet feel one two
to motor the basic groove.
three four
8/27/14 8:08 PM
glossary
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sideman
industry slang for accompanying member of a musical

group.
one two
three four
single
slang for working a gig as a solo performer.
one two
three four
simple
intervals
those intervals found within the span of one octave.
one two
three four
sittin in
bringing your instrument to a musical performance or jamm

session and playing with the band.
one two
three four
slide
creating a smooth motion between pitches, the sound of

which includes the pitches in between, also usually a glass or one two
metal bar device used by guitar players on the strings to
three four
achieve this effect, a favorite of blues players.
softening /
softer
my slang for the gradual obscuring of a musical color and it's one two
tonal direction by the addition of various color tones.
three four
softening
process
in this text applies to the lightening of color from the darker

diminished color towards the pentatonic, and all points in
between.
one two
three four
soloing
implies one musical voice playing or creating the melody.
one two
three four
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glossary
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sonority
clarity of resonance in chords, where each pitch within the

chord is clearly distinguishable.
one two
three four
staccato
Italian for detached, refers to a style of melodic phrasing

whereby each of the pitches is separate from each other.
one two
three four
staff
template of lines and spaces for notating music.
one two
three four
stand
slang for bandstand, stage etc.
one two
three four
standard
slang for important jazz compositions, songs of American

music that have withstood the test of time.
one two
three four
standard
tuning
refers to centering all pitches from the 440 A, also refers to

the conventional way to tune a guitar, E,A,D,G,B,E, or
violin, G,D,A,E, bass E,A,D,G etc.
one two
three four
static
"unmoving", in music, often used in describe a harmonic

situation where one chord is used for extended periods of
time, i.e., "static harmony."
one two
three four
stepwise
consecutive melodic / harmonic ascending or descending

motion using the pitches of a select melodic grouping of
pitches, i.e., scale.
one two
three four
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glossary
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stoptime
usually an alternating between short bursts of music and

silence, as in early rock or between choruses / soloists in
traditional up tempo jazz arrangements.
one two
three four
storyline
in this text used to describe the spiritual content and

emotional environment of a song.
one two
three four
stretch out
extended soloing.
one two
three four
strength of
player
slang to describes a players ability to build and manage

musical tension.
one two
three four
subdivision
common term used to describe the division of a musical beat one two
or pulse into smaller units.
three four
subdominant
the diatonic fourth scale degree of the major / relative minor one two
groups of pitches, harmony built on the fourth scale degree. three four
substitution
simply replacing one musical component with another.
one two
three four
sussing out
an Alaskan slang term meaning to figure something out by

one's own effort.
one two
three four
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glossary
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swing
description of a particular style / era of jazz music, slang

term implying a powerful music of any style, i.e., swings
hard, an elusive rhythmic concept based on playing one
rhythmic feel against another, creating boundless joy, good
vibes and big smiles.
one two
three four
symmetrical
scales
usually non diatonic groups of pitches that are based on a

perfectly repeating intervalic formula.
one two
three four
tag
slang for cliche ending of song, to tag, add a repeated

harmonic / melodic cycle to extend the performance of a
song.
one two
three four
taking it out
slang term used to describe the moving of a musical idea

from inside ( diatonic ) to outside ( non-diatonic), also used
to describe the ending of a song during performance.
one two
three four
target chord
term for the the final destination of a series of chords or

chord progression, i.e., the target chord of the Two / Five /
One chord progression is the One chord.
one two
three four
tear it up
slang for when players aggressively approach the music.
one two
three four
techno
a modern way of making music from synthesized sounds

which are looped together, there are a few subgenera within
this style, most all of which are associated with dance.
one two
three four
8/27/14 8:08 PM
glossary
slang for the common harmonic motion of 1 / 6 / 4 / 5 in the

teenager in
major tonality, after the pop hit of the same title from the
love changes
50's.
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one two
three four
tempered
tuning adjustments associated with the equal tempered

system of tonal organization.
one two
three four
tempo
the pulse rate of the music, the rate at which the musical
sounds move through time, i.e., fast or slow etc.
one two
three four
tensions
artistic energy that seeks release, also the upper structure

chord tones, i.e. 7, 9, 11, 13, #15 and their alterations.
one two
three four
tertian
refers to harmony (chords) constructed in thirds.
one two
three four
testimony
the cleansing of one's musical soul through impassioned

performance.
one two
three four
tetrachord
used to describe the two four note groups created by simply

dividing the 8 pitches of the major scale in half, i.e., in C
major, the lower tetrachord C D E F and upper G A B C.
one two
three four
text
tonal resources for the creative musician is a music theory

one two
text that helps expand the readers vocabulary of musical
terms providing a greater awareness and understanding of
three four
8/27/14 8:08 PM
glossary
the musical resources used to create American music.
52 of 59
third and
seventh
the two pitches within a seventh chord that determines chord one two
quality.
three four
third degree
the pitch that determines whether a scale or triad is major or

minor.
one two
three four
third
inversion
a chord voicing where the lowest pitch of the chord is

seventh chord degree, i.e., C / B.
one two
three four
timbre
term to describe the various hues of musical colors, musical

instruments, sound quality etc.
one two
three four
time signature
numerical fraction describing the rhythmic groove of a

musical composition.
one two
three four
tonal
as pertains to sound, audible sound, things we can hear.
one two
three four
tonal
my term for the overall feel and color created by a piece of
environment music.
one two
three four
tonal
resources
one two
three four
the "nuts and bolts" of our music. Pitches, scales, chords,

drums, the theoretical systems etc.
8/27/14 8:08 PM
glossary
53 of 59
tonality
term used to describe overall musical effect of a particular

musical idea, i.e. major / minor / dominant seventh etc.
one two
three four
tonal center
theory term for the key of a particular piece of music.
one two
three four
the force in music created when one pitch is designated as

tonal gravity the center of the music, the tonal force used to create and
release artistic tension in the music,
one two
three four
the degree to which any given chord color creates the aural
tonal stability sensation of being at rest, oftentimes created by tonic
function chords.
one two
three four
tone row
using all 12 pitches of the chromatic scale to create the

parent scale for composing music.
one two
three four
tonic
a theoretical name for the first degree of any scale or chord

that is the predominant key of a given piece of music,
usually determined by the key signature i.e., the tonic of
"blues in A" is A.
one two
three four
tonic chord
a theoretical name for the chord built on the first degree of

any scale or mode.
one two
three four
top
slang for the beginning of a new chorus, the first measure in

a song, the beginning.
one
two
8/27/14 8:08 PM
glossary
three four
the current listing of the 40 most popular songs in America
at any given second.
one two
three four
slang term for an arranging technique whereby improvising

musicians each take turns four bars to create an idea, often
trading fours
done with the drummer, the solist takes 4 bars, then solo
drums for 4 bars, following the form of the tune etc.
one two
three four
traditional
harmony
term used to describe a perspective of the theory as derived

from classical literature, i.e., the European masters of equal
temperament.
one two
three four
train wreck
slang for when the players in the group make a series of bad
choices while performing, usually resulting in unplanned,
one two
temporary musical chaos, train wrecks are oftentimes found
at the end of performing a musical piece, see "arrangements three four
while you wait" from above.
transcribe
to transfer the music from a live performance or recording

into musical notation, to one's instrument.
one two
three four
transpose
to respell the music exactly from one key center to another.
one two
three four
treble clef
symbol used to denote the second line of a musical staff as
one
top 40
54 of 59
two
8/27/14 8:08 PM
glossary
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the pitch "G" natural.
three four
triad
three note chord comprised of a root, a third and a fifth.
one two
three four
triplets
a rhythmic division into groups of three.
one two
three four
tritone
musical interval of the augmented fourth / flatted fifth

comprised of three whole tones, which divides the octave in one two
perfect halves, the essential color within the dominant chord
three four
created by pairing the major 3rd and minor 7th, among the
most dissonant pairings of pitches available.
tritone
substitute
a common slang term usually identifying a dominant type

chord that is built upon the tritone of the chord it is being
substituted for, i.e., Db 7 is the tritone substitute for G 7.
one two
three four
tune
slang for a musical composition, musical piece, song,

melody etc.
one
three
turn
the way a player or composer shapes a musical idea,

one two
oftentimes a melodic twist of pitches into a line or the target
three four
pitch, part of a players artistic signature.
turnaround
musical idea located at the end of a musical section usually

followed by repeat sign, the Two / Five / One cadential
two
four
one two
three four
8/27/14 8:08 PM
glossary
motion and it's variations, any kind of cadential motion.

12 keys
the # of different tuned pitches from which we create

one two
American music, as found on a piano etc., also represents 12
three four
major keys, 12 minor keys etc..
two chord
harmony built on the second scale degree.
up front
slang term used in performance by improvising musicians

that usually implies something is going to happen before the one two
melody of the song gets sung, i.e., like an intro, pedal tone, three four
drum solo, etc., we count off a tune "up front."
upper
structure
in this text, chord tones found above the seventh, i.e., the
9th, 11th, and 13th chord degrees.
one two
three four
one two
three four
slang for a repeated musical phrase, usually in a blues

one two
coloring, commonly used for beginnings and endings of
vamp (lines)
tunes as well as a background figure behind a soloist, can be three four
chords or a melodic line.
56 of 59
vanilla
slang for any generic realization of a musical element, i.e., a one two
chord voicing of root, third, fifth and seventh, scales right
three four
out of the box etc.
vehicle
my term used to describe the artistic elements of a musical

style / form of music. i.e., Latin, Rock, Bebop, 12 bar blues,
one two
three four
8/27/14 8:08 PM
glossary
A / A / B / A song form etc.

verbiage
using words to describe abstract artistic concepts.
one two
three four
vertical
term that describes the basic shape created by the pitches of

a melodic line, implying arpeggiated or non step interval
figures.
one two
three four
vibrato
adding a slight vacillation to the pitch which can increase the one two
emotional expression of the players statement, i.e., warming
three four
up the tone.
a term used to describe how the pitches (voices) of one chord one two
voice leading merge into another, derived from the early music of voices,
three four
soprano ( top ), alto, tenor and bass ( lowest ).
57 of 59
voicing
arrangement of pitches for a particular chord.
one two
three four
walking
mostly step wise bass line using quarter notes.
one two
three four
waltz
instrumental or dance music in 3/4 time.
one two
three four
whammy bar
mechanical device on the modern electric guitar that allows

changes of intonation with the push or pull of a lever.
one
two
8/27/14 8:08 PM
glossary
three four
58 of 59
well
"well" as in water well, used as a cliche / slang term for

where a player might go to get a musical idea when things
run a bit dry.
western
music
in this text, slang for any and all music created with the
equal temperament system of tonal organization as it's
basis,this term is often applied in music as is the term
one two
western civilization in historical contexts, meaning all of the
history and peoples that date back to the ancient Greeks and three four
forward from there, through the settling of Europe and onto
America.
western
harmony
chords based in the equal tempered system.
one two
three four
whole step
combines two half steps together i.e., the interval from C to

D is a whole step.
one two
three four
whole tone
combining two half tones together to create a whole tone,

i.e., the interval from C to D is a whole tone, the whole tone
scale is created exclusively with whole tones.
one two
three four
whole tone
scale
the whole tone scale is created exclusively with whole tones.
one two
three four
one two
three four
8/27/14 8:08 PM
glossary
wolf tones
originally named to describe some of the harmonies created

in "just intonation" or non tempered tuning, that resulted in
sounds similar to those made by howling wolves, today,
often used to describe a overly strong sounding pitch on an
acoustic instrument created by the physics of the materials
used in it's construction.
one two
three four
woodshed
slang for a place where one sheds, also to review a difficult

musical passage, i.e., to practice.
one two
three four
"I got no dime but I got some time to hear a story." Robert Hunter /
Jerry Garcia
59 of 59
8/27/14 8:08 PM

Glossary: One Two Three Four One Two Three Four One Two

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glossary

a symbol used to alter a pitch, usually by half step.

when pitches of a scale or chord are changed from their

musical atmosphere, environment.

my term, describes moving from the One chord to the Four

the "question" or first part of a musical phrase.

common with non chordal instruments whereby the artist

"harplike", "broken chord." a musical phrase comprised of

to pass an motif through an existing structure, style or

artistically fitting round pegs in square holes, what an artist

time etc., allows an artist to "stretch" conventional

aurally recognizable components of a particular players

music having no tonal center or sense of tonic.

to enlarge or supplement, usually associated with musical

more found in traditional or classical music, so named by the one two

to hear through listening with one's ears, to recognize

a type of chord cadencing using tonic and dominant chords.

slang term for instrument.

backpedaling root motion counterclockwise to the cycle of fifths.

slang for something easily done.

collection of your own favorite musical phrases or chord

a style of song characterized by a slower, stately tempo with one two

a style or period of European music and architecture

a chord shape on stringed instruments whereby the index

lowest vocal register, lowest pitch of a chord, foundation of

a rather complex style of American jazz historically from the

characterized by bright tempos, intricate melodies,

the fine art of changing pitch by physically altering the

usually associated with form in music, basically meaning

slang for fermata, a symbol for suspending the forward

two distinctly different aural colors used together.

slang for soloing.

in this text used to describe basic harmonic formulas or key

musical elements that are often associated with or define a

the core of American music styles.

my term for a musical device that can quickly retonally

refers to voicing each melody note with it's own chord /

a slang term to describe the concept of how non diatonic

slang for the "B" section of the A / A / B / A and A / B form.

sounding the notes of a chord in succession as opposed to

seemingly unrelated combinations of sounds, oftentimes

Two or more chords ending an event of musical tension,

an open section where a player gets to play solo and

perhaps developed from religious services, whereby the

a device used by guitar players that "clamps" all the strings,

describes in this text a learner who has determined that

a gig characterized as the name implies, casual, maybe once

slang for the chords of a song.

slang for a written musical score.

slang for a players ability to execute musical phrases.

different pitches struck and sounded together.

numerical label for pitches within a chord or arpeggio, i.e.,

viewing any chord or harmony in one of three families in

provide one of three basic artistic elements, these are

specific cycles of chords.

replacing one chord with another, generally of the same

refers to a pitch used in the creation of a chord, the pitches

placing any chord or harmony in one of three categories, i.e.,

one complete cycle of the entire form of a piece of music.

melodic or harmonic motion of consecutive half steps in

safety device worn by musically adventurous folks.

group of pitches created exclusively with the interval of a

in historical order, to understand a series events in the