Professional Documents
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NCERT - Landforms
NCERT - Landforms
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Do you know?
A hill is a land
surface
that
rises higher than
the surrounding area.
Generally, a steep hill with
an elevation of more than 600
metres is termed as a
mountain. Name some
mountains with a height of
more than 8,000 metres.
Lets Do
Making of
Mountain :
MOUNTAINS
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A Fold Mountain
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Crust
Do you know?
Mauna
Kea
(Hawaii) in the
Pacific Ocean is
an undersea mountain. It
is higher than Mount
Everest being 10,205
metres high.
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P LATEAUS
African plateau is famous for gold and diamond mining. In India huge reserves of
iron, coal and manganese are found in the Chhotanagpur plateau.
In the plateau areas, there may be several waterfalls as the river falls from a
great height. In India, the Hundru falls in the Chhotanagpur plateau on the river
Subarnarekha and the Jog falls in Karnataka are examples of such waterfalls.
The lava plateaus are rich in black soil that are fertile and good for cultivation.
Many plateaus have scenic spots and are of great attraction to tourists.
P LAINS
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Plains are large stretches of flat land. They are, generally, not more than 200
metres above mean sea level. Some plains are extremely level. Others may be
slightly rolling and undulating. Most of the plains are formed by rivers and their
tributaries. The rivers flow down the slopes of mountains and erode them. They
carry forward the eroded material. Then they deposit their load consisting of stones,
sand and silt along their courses and in their valleys. It is from these deposits that
plains are formed.
Generally, plains are very fertile. Construction of transport network is easy.
Thus, these plains are very thickly-populated regions of the world. Some of the
largest plains made by the rivers are found in Asia and North America. For example,
in Asia, these plains are formed by the Ganga and the Brahmaputra in India and
the Yangtze in China.
Plains are the most useful areas for human habitation. There is great concentration
of people as more flat land is available for building houses, as well as for cultivation.
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Because of fertile soils, the land is highly productive for cultivation. In India too,
the Indo-Gangetic plains are the most densely populated regions of the country.
LANDFORMS
AND THE
PEOPLE
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1. Look carefully at
photograph nos. 1-10.
Write one sentence
about each of the
photograph.
2. Name the landform
features shown in the
photograph nos. 1,2 and 7.
3. What appears to be the main use
of this land? (Photograph no. 9)
4. What activities do you see in the
photograph nos. 3,6,8 and 9.
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(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
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(a)
(i) elevation
(b)
(ii) Australia
(iii) India
(e)
(i) Kenya
(d)
(iii) aspect
(c)
(ii) slope
(ii) Australia
(iii) China
2.
3.
4.
5.
no
1. What kind of landforms are found in your state? Based on the reading of this
chapter, say how they are of use to the people.
Map Skills
46
(a)
(b)
Plateau : Tibet.