4.

Pengayaan reading jenis-jenis teks

No. Jenis Teks Contoh Teks
1.

Procedure

How to make Lemonade

Ingredients:
For each glass use:
2 tablespoons of lemon juice.
2 tablespoons of sugar.
1 glass of water.
Methods:
1. Slice a lemon in half and squeeze the juice into a cup.
2. Take out the seeds.
3. Pour two tablespoons of juice into glass.
4. Add sugar.
5. Add water and stir well.
6. Taste the lemonade. You may want to add more sugar or
more lemon to make it taste just right.
7. Put it in ice cubes. A drop of red food coloring will make
pink lemonade.
A CONE-SHAPED BASKET
Materials:
Heavy paper
Ribbon or string
A plate
A pencil
Paste
Method:
1. Use a half circle of paper to make the cone basket.
2. Draw a whole circle on paper using a plate as the pattern
to make a half circle.
3. Cut out the circle and fold it in half.
4. Cut the two halves apart along the fold.
5. Twist the half circle into a cone shape and it in place.
6. Use a ribbon or a string for the handle. Paste the ends of
the ribbon in place.
7. Decorate your cone basket.
How to make Popcorn crunch
Materials:
1,5 cups of sugar wheat cereal
1 cup of golden syrup flaked almond
0,5 cup of butter
8 cup of popcorn already pop
2 cups of puffed
1 cup of toasted
1 teaspoon of vanilla
0,75 teaspoon of cinnamon
Time: 10 minutes
How to make it:
Place sugar and golden syrup in a heatproof dish, stir and
cook until sugar is dissolved (approximately four minutes on
high).

Add butter and cook for six minutes.

While this is cooking, place popcorn, puff wheat cereal, and
almonds into a separate bowl.
Add cinnamon and vanilla to golden syrup mixture, combine
syrup with popcorn, cereal and almonds and spread over a
lighty greased 25 cetimeters x 30 centimeters baking tray.
Allow to cool and then cut into pieces.
Store in an airtight container.
HOW TO MAKE PEANUT CRUNCH
What youll need :
v
1 cup of peanuts
v
3 cups of brown sugar
v
2 tablespoons of vinegar
v
1 cup of water
What to do :
Place the sugar, water and vinegar into a large saucepan.
Stir slowly over a low heat until the sugar is disolved
Add peanuts , increase the heat and allow to boil
Remove from the heat when the nuts have craked and the
mixture appears golden brown
Allow bubbles to settle
Spoon into small paper patty cases or pour the mixture into
a flat greased pan and mark into bite-size pieces.
2.

Recount

CLASS PICNIC
Last Friday our school went to Centennial Park for a picnic
First our teachers marked the rolls and the we got on the
buses. On the buses, everyone was chatting and eating.
When we arrived at the park, some students played cricket,
some played cards but others went for a walk with the
teachers. At lunchtime, we sat together and had our picnic.
Finally, at two oclock we left for school.
We had a great day.

3.

Descriptive

ISSIS Cafe.
ISSIS is Javanese word meaning cool. So, besides the
food, ISSIS Caf offers a spacious, fully air-conditioned,
cozy place.
Located at Jl. Cilacap No. 8, Jakarta Pusat, ISSIS Caf is
famous for its European food, especially steak, barbecue
ribs, salad, and soup. You might find this kind of food
anywhere else, but there is no other place that offers great
meals at better prices than ISSIS Caf.
You can enjoy a delicious imported sirloin steak for only Rp.
25,000 and ice cappuccino for only Rp. 5,500. There is also
a salad bar with eight different vegetables. You can make
your own salad which you can eat as much as you like, for
only Rp. 12,000. The customers are mostly college students,
office workers, and families.

4.

News Item

Undersea earthquake strikes off Maluku

JAKARTA (AP): A strong earthquake struck in eastern
Indonesian waters on Tuesday, a meteorological agency

said. A local official said there was no threat of a destructive

tsunami, and no damage or causalities were immediately
reported.
The quake, which had a preliminary magnitude of 6.1, was
centered beneath the Banda Sea around 188 kilometers
(117 miles) southwest of Ambon, the capital of Maluku
province, the U.S. Geological Survey said on its Web site.
The tremor was not felt by residents in the region and there
were no reports of damage or casualties, said Aprilianto, an
official at a Jakarta-based local Meteorological and
Geophysics Agency.
5.

Report

Australia
Australia is a large continent. It has six states and two
territories.
The capital city of Australia is Canberra. It is in the
Australian Capital Territory.
The population of Australia is about 20 million. The first
inhabitants to live in Australia were Aboriginal people. After
that people came from all over the world. The main
language is English, however many other languages are
spoken.
There are many plants and animals that are only found in
Australia, e.g. kangaroos, platypuses, gum trees and
Waratahs.
The main products and industries are wool, minerals, oil,
coal, cereals and meat.
Some famous landmarks are the Harbour Bridge, the Opera
House and Uluru (Ayers Rock).
2. Drugs
Drugs are chemical substances. There are three different
types of drugs: stimulants, depressants and hallucinogens.
Stimulants speed up the central nervous system. They
increase heart rate, blood pressure and breathing. Examples
are caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, ecstasy and cocaine.
Depressants slow down the central nervous system. They
decrease heart and breathing rates. Alcohol, heroin and
analgesics are common examples of these types of drugs.
Hallucinogens change mood, thought and senses. LSD is the
most well-known example of this type of drug.
3. A traditional market
A traditional market is the type of market where people can
bargain the prices. The items sold in traditional market are
basically the same. They are fruits, vegetables, meat and
fish, spices, dry good and household items. At the glances,
the market may seem to be disorganized mess.
Surrounding the market there are many small scale traders,
usually selling fruits. This traders can not afford the cost of
renting a stall inside the market.
On the first floor of the market, there are permanent kiosks
and stall selling textile, stationery, clothing, electronic

goods, household appliances, gold shops, etc.

On the second floor, people can buy meat and fish, fruits,
vegetables, and dry goods. The sellers sell fruits and
vegetables through the middle area. Meanwhile they sell dry
goods in the edge area of the second floor
6.

Hortatory
Exposition

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen

Thank you very much for the House of Representatives
which had invited me to give the speech concerning about
the mystery sinetrons shown in many television presently.
My name is Budi Santoso, a lecturer at University of
Indonesia majoring in mass communication. Here, I
represent the academics point of view about the subject we
discuss this morning.
As we know, there are many mystery sinetrons shown on
Television stations presently. The sinetrons depict horrible
scenes about the spirit world. It is described that spirits
often disturb people by frightening them in the darkness,
when they walk alone at night or at the cemetery. The
spirits are pictured as frightening appearance such as white
clothes flying corpse, shattered face copse etc. the show
must be abandoned for several reasons.
Firstly, it make a wrong perception of people especially
children and women to do activity at nights, for example
going to the wells, even cooking at kitchen alone. How do
you fell if you always live in anxiety.
Thirdly, such kind of sinetrons waste out time to think unreal
phenomena while we are facing many kinds of living
problems.
In brief, for the reason, I think television station must stop
showing mystery sinetrons. They are bad influences for
people, frightening our children and destroying their belief
to god.
Thank you very much for your attention.

7.

Analytical
Exposition

SHOULD CHILDREN WEAR HATS AT SCHOOL?

(Statement of position):
I believe that you should always wear a hat at school when
you are playing outside , to stop you from getting sunburn.
(Argument 1):
Firstly, if you dont wear a hat, you will get sunburn ant the
sunburn is painful.
(Argument 2):
Secondly, sunburn could lead to skin cancer. Sunburn can
lead to health problems later in life. Many older people
suffer from skin cancer which can kill them.
(Reinforcement of position statement):
In my opinion all school students should wear hats.

8.

Spoof

One day, two villagers went to Jakarta. They went to the

biggest mall and saw shiny silver walls that could open and
move apart and back together. They were amazed when an
old lady rolled in to the small room and the doors closed. A

minute later, the doors opened and a young beautiful lady

stepped out. The father said to his son Go, get your mother
now.
The ending of the story is funny because they thought that
the doors can change an old lady into a young beautiful
lady. Whereas the doors were actually elevator doors.
9.

Explanation How to Fly a Hot Air Balloon

A hot air balloon consists of a basket, four big gas tanks, a
burner and the balloon or envelope
First, four nylon poles are put into sockets on top of the
basket. The burner is then put on top of the poles. Next, the
cables are connected to the burner frame. The cables also
go under the basket in order to hold everything together.
After this, the hoses from the full gas tanks must be
connected to the burner so that pilot can test it.
Next, the mouth of the balloon is held open by two people
while it is filled with cold air from the fan until it is quite fat
and tight.
Now for the difficult bit. The pilot lies on the ground, half in
the basket, turns on the gas burner, and points the flame
into the mouth of the balloon. This is so that the balloon
slowly stands up.
When the it is ready to go, a bit more air is heated up the in
the balloon. This results in the air in the balloon to be hot
enough to get the balloon to rise off the ground

10. Discussion

Euthanasia
Euthanasia is the act of intentionally causing the painless
death of a sick person. In terms of a physicians actions, it
can be passive in that a physician plays no direct role in the
death of the person or it can be active in that the physician
does something directly to cause the death. Now the
question: Do you think it is right for a physician to refuse to
participate in active euthanasia?
It is NEVER right for a physician or any one else to
deliberately hasten a persons death. This includes all forms
of euthanasia-active and passive. To deliberately withhold
food/fluids is to subject the person to a painful death-it is
NOT a humane death. We are not in a position to determine
the worth of a life. Every person has a soul-it is up to God to
determine when he will take that soul from the shell that is
the human body. We all have a duty to support life with
ordinary means-food/fluids but we are not required to use
extrordinary means-aggressive life support,dialysis,etc
indefinitely.
O.K. now, euthanasia (I think) is a type of suicide, whether
or not you are sick. Physicians absolutley have the choice of
NOT participating, in fact it should not be legal!!! Now if you
put someone to death who was sick, or heck they dont even
have to be sick, but you would look at your self everyday
and be reminded of it. i bet you would feel like a murderer.
If people want to die they can commit suicide in their own

homes, makin someone else do it is not going to make it

any better morally. Euthanasia is a sad, sad deal, please try
to stop it.
I believe if the person wants to die to end their life they
should have the right to choose.I do not believe that the
person should beable to have themselves killed if theyre not
really suffering. Yes the person does have the right to kill
him or herself. BUt the authourity stands in the way of that.
If this is such a free country why cant anyone participate in
EUTHANASIA?
If we have the right (at least in the U.S) to do whatever we
want to with our lives, whether it be rich and famous or an
alcoholic crack head, why is it that we can not decide when
our life should end? It is ours, if we can kill the life that
grows inside us, we should be allowed to also destroy the
life that harbors others. Especially if that person is in pain
and requests that some end their suffering. I dont think you
can allow one law with out the either. A life is a life, right?
http://www-hsc.usc.edu/~mbernste/ethics.euthanasia.htm
11. Review

Get Married
Illustrating the current situation happening in Indonesia, Get
Married presents the figures of unemployment. A few bigname celebrities show up in cameo roles. The movie tells
about a true friendship of four youngsters Mae (Nirina
Zubir), Guntoro (Desta Club Eighties), Eman (Aming), dan
Beni (Ringgo Agus Rahman) who judge themselves as the
most frustrated people in Indonesia. Soon, they turn out to
be street kids and spend most of their times at street,
bullying people who pass by.
.
Suddenly, it comes to a moment when Mae is persuaded to
grant her parents wish to have a grandchild. Maes parents,
(Meriam Bellina dan Jaja Mihardja) firmly state that Mae
must get married in a little while. Soon, they are busy
finding candidates who would marry their only daughter.
However, along the process of finding the right one for Mae,
the three male friends of Mae turn out to be brutal
evaluators for the candidates. In the mean time, Mae falls
badly in love with Rendy (Richard Kevin), a rich, handsome
and kind-hearted man. Unfortunately Rendy, Mae, Guntoro,
Eman, Beni are brought into a misunderstanding, and soon
fights break out between the two groups of Mae and Rendy.
Written based on some of youngsters real-life brotherhood
experiencesthis story will stir you to your emotional core
while bringing out your sense of brotherhood. There are a
lot of little things and big things that make this movie worth
watching. The story is good, the banter is great, the
relationships between the characters are great, and its a
fun time at the movies. While some of the jokes are
amusing, some of the fights go on a few bit too long.

Adapted from: http://maliablog.wordpress.com

12. Narratives

Snow Maiden
Once upon a time there lived a couple in a village. They had
got married for a long time, but so far they did not have a
baby yet. Every single minute they prayed to God, begged
for a baby, but it never came true.
One day, they went to snow mountain. They made a girl
from snow and they dressed her beautifully. When it got
dark, they decided to go home and left the snow girl alone.
The following morning, someone knocked the door. \Any
body home?\, she said. The old woman inside opened the
door and asked, \Who are you?\ The girl said \I\m Snow
Maiden, your daughter\. The old woman was surprised and
happy. \Oh really? Thanks God! Come in, please!\
Since that meeting, they lived happily. Snow Maiden was
beautiful, kind, diligent and helpful. Her parents and all of
her friends loved her very much One day, Snow Maiden
played with her friends. They played fire. At first, Snow
Maiden just looked at their play. Suddenly, her friends asked
her to jump on the fire. Of course she refused it because
one thing that made her afraid was the fire. It\s because
Snow Maiden was made of snow, so she should avoid the
fire. But her friends kept on forcing her to jump on. Finally,
she could not do anything then she did it. She jumped on
the fire and she melted. Her friends was so sorry about this,
they cried and cried hoping Snow Maiden could live again,
but it was useless. Snow Maiden would not be back
anymore.
Her mother tried to entertain Snow Maiden\s friends and
asked them to make a new Snow Maiden. They went to a
snow mountain and started making it. They expected to
have the new Snow Maiden. Days passed but their dreams
never came true.
Malin Kundang
Once upon time, there was a boy named Malin Kundang. He
lived with his mother in a very poor condition. They looked
fire wood in the forest nearly to make a living. Malin
Kundang was so unsatisfied with their bad luck. Thats why
he decided to go to another city to look for a better life.
Not long afterwards, Malin asked his mothers permission to
go to a big city. He promised to come back soon with much
money. His mother permitted him and always prayed for
him. In his journey, Malin Kundang joined a merchant in a
big ship.
Actually, Malin was a diligent boy. He worked hard to get
much money and everything changed. He became a rich
merchant. His business partner asked him to marry his
daughter. Malin agreed. Then Malin and his business
partners daughter got married. They had honeymoon and
traveled all over the world.
Many years later, Malins ship anchored in his village. Many
villagers welcome his arrival and admired his glorious ship.
Furthermore, they wanted to see his success. Malins mother
heard that her son had come back. She was very glad and

eager to see him. With a happy smile in her lips, she went
to the seashore to meet her son. Do you know what
happened when she met Malin? He pretended that he didnt
know her. Of course she was very very sad and
disappointed.
In her desperation she cried to God to punish Malin. She
cursed Malin Kundang and his ship to be a stone. Since
then, people can see the big stone in the beach.

1.

Keterangan : Diolah dari berbagai sumber

5. Functional Skills
FUNCTIONAL SKILL
Offering Help or Things (menawarkan bantuan / menawarkan sesuatu)
Untuk menawarkan bantuan, dapat digunakan ungkapan-ungkapan berikut:

1.

May I help you?

Can I help you?
Could I help you?
How can I be of assistance to you?
How can I be of help to you?
What can I help you

What can I do for you?

How can I assist you?
How can I help you?
Let me help you?
Do you want me to help you?
Shall I ?

Cara memberi tawaran seperti menawarkan makanan atau minuman dalam bahasa Inggris lazimnya
dengan menggunakan ungkapan Would you like?, Would you care for ?, why dont you have?,
How about having ? May I offer you ?
Contoh:
Tawaran Respon
Would you like some bread?
Yes, please.
Would you care for some coffee?
No, thanks. I dont drink coffee.
Why dont you have some biscuit, please?
Thanks, Id love to.
Jawaban untuk menerima tawaran antara lain: Yes please, Sure, Why not, Ofcourse, Certainly, Id love
to, Its a good idea, Thats great. Untuk menolak tawaran digunakan ungkapan seperti: No, thanks,
Please dont bother, Id love to but, Thats great but
2. Introducing (memperkenalkan)
Memperkenalkan Dri

Memperkenalkan Orang Lain

Id like you to meet (nama)

This is my friend/boss/etc(nama)
Have you met(nama)?
May I introduce you to
(nama/jabatan)
Let me introduce you to .
I want to introduce you to .

1.

Id like to introduce myself.

My I introduce myself?
Let me introduce myself!
I want to introduce myself

Inviting (mengundang/mengajak)
Menolak

Menerima

Id love to
Id like very much
Id be happy/glad to
accept
Yes, Id be delighted to.
Thats good ide

Undangan/Ajakan

1.

lets + V1
Why dont we ?
How about?
Id like to invite you to
Would you like to?
I wonder if youd like to

Im sorry I cant
Id like to but
Im afraid I cant
No, lets not.

Expressing Thanks (terimakasih)

1.

1.

1.

1.

Ungkapan

Respon

Thank you
Thank you very much
Thanks.
Thank you very much for (kata
benda)
Im grateful for(kata benda/noun)

You are welcome.

Thats all right
Not at all
Dont mention it
Thets all right
Any time

Congratulations (ucapan selamat)

Ungkapan

Respon

Congratulations
Congratulations on
Id like to congratulate you.
Id like to congratulate you on
It was great to hear
It was to hear about.
Happy birthday to you.
Happy new year.
Good luck!
Have a nice holiday

Thank
Thank
Thank
Thank

you
you and the same to you
you. I need it.
you very much.

Sympathy (menyatakan rasa simpati)

Ungkapan-ungkapan perasaan simpati atas mala petaka/musibah yang dialami orang lain diantaranya:
Im sorry to hear that
Oh, thats too bad.
How awful!
How terrible!
Poor!
Pleasure, Displeasure (senang & tidak senang)
Pleasure/senang

Displeasure/tidak senang

Its really delightful/Iam delighted

Im satisfied
Thats great
Thats wonderful
Its really a great pleasure

Im dissatisfied
We are fed up with
I feel dosappointed
She is extremely displeased

Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction ( kepuasan, ketidakpuasan)

Ketika kita akan mengungkapkan kepuasan atas kerja seseorang, kita dapat gunakan ungkapan:
Well done!
Great! Good work
I am satisfied with your work
You did well
Your job is satisfactory
I am so happy about this
Im glad to what youve done
Its really satisfying
Katika kita akan mengungkapkan ketidakpuasan atas kerja seseorang, kita dapat gunakan:
Im not satisfied with work
You havent done well enough
I am really dissappointed
Sorry, but your work is not satisfactory
Oh, no!
Its not very nice
Its really not good enough

1.

Asking & Giving Opinion (meminta & memberi pendapat)

Asking Opinion

Giving opinion

How was the trip?

How do you like your new house?
How do you think of Rinas idea?
How do you feel about this dicition?
What is your opinions of the movie?
What are your feelings about it?

I think (that).
In my opinion.
As I see,
If you ask me, I feel

10. Agreement/approval, Disagreement/disapproval (setuju, tidak setuju)

Ketika kita merasa sependapat dengan opini orang lain, kita bisa mengatakan:
So do I
Yes, I agree with you
It is certainly
Exactly
Thats what I want to say
I am with you
I am on your side
Ketika kita merasa tidak sependapat dengan opini orang lain, kita bisa mengatakan:
Well, I dont think so
I dont think that is true
I disagree with
I wouldnt say that
Exactly not
I cant say so
On contrary
I dont buy that idea
11. Fear, Anciety (ungkapan ketakutan, kegelisahan)
Fear

Respon

I am afraid
I am feared
I am scared
I am terrified
The sound is horrifying

Dont be afraid
There is nothing to be afraid of
It is nothing

Anciety

Respon

I am worried about
I am anxious to know about
I wondered if
That made me worried
I have been thinking about .
I am afraid if

Take is easy
Calm down
I know you are worried but
It is not a big deal
Dont worry
Stay cool

12. Pain, Relief (ungkapan kesakitan, kelegaan)

Pain

Relief

Ouch!
That was hurt
It is painful
It hurts me
Ive got a
backache/toothache/stomachache
I feel sore all over
My eyes hurt

Im very relieved to hear

Finally, it was over
I feel relieved
I feel much better
Im glad its over
Thats a great relief
Im extremely glad to hear
Thank goodness for that

Marvellous
What a relief!
13. Like/Love & Dislike/Hate (suka/cinta & tidak suka/benci)
Like

Dislike

I love it
I like it
I am keen on it
I am crazy about it
We all enjoy
(benda/noun/gerund)is my cup of
tea

I dont really like it

I dislike it
I am not really interested in
I cant enjoy
(benda/noun/gerund)is not my cup of
tea
I cant stand
I hate it

14. Embarrassment & Annoyance (Ungkapan rasa malu, kejengkelan)

Embarrassment

Annoyance

I am embarrassed
I feel ashamed
Oh my God
Shame on me
I dont feel comfortable
I feel awkward

I am annoyed
I had enough with it
I cant bear it any longer
You made me annoyed
You are such a pain in the neck
You made me sick

15. Request (permintaan)

Request

Acceptance

Refusal

Would it be possible
for
you to
Would you be so kind as to
Would you,please?
Would you mind ?
Any chance of
Can you?

I should be
delighted to come
By all means
I have no objection
Id be happy to
Sure
Yeah
OK
No problem
Mmm

I regret to say
that we find
ourselves unable
to go
Im afraid its not
possible
Im afraid not
Sorry
No, I wont
Not likely
You must be
joking

16. Complaint, Blame (keluhan,menyalahkan)

Complaint

Blame

Im not at all satisfied with the

service
I really do/must objec to the service
I take great exception to
I want to complain about
This is crazy!

Youre the one to blame

Its your fault!
Its your mistake!
Youre wrong

17. Regret, Apology (penyesalan, meminta maaf)

Regret

Apology

Much to my regret
Sadly, I .
Unfortunately
Im terribly sorry

Please accept my apologies for what I

did
Please forgive me for what I did
I am extremely sorry

I honestly regret that I

Sorry, I

I really must apologies

May I offer you my sincerest apologies?

18. Possibility & Impossibility (kemungkinan & ketidakmungkinan)

Menyatakan Kemungkinan

Menanyakan Kemungkinan

I think there is possibility to

I sassume/believe
In all probability,
it is going to be possible for me to
that will probably
its quite possible

Do you think he/it could?

Would you say were capable of?
Are you capable of?
Are you able to?
Do you have any experience of?
Can you?
Do you know how to?
Do you think you can?