TKMH TK Oto11

Trng H GTVT
TKMH Kt cu v tnh ton t
LI NI U
Trong nn kinh t ang tng trng mnh m ca nc

ta, nhu cu v giao thng vn ti ngy cng ln. Vai tr quan
trng ca t ngy cng c khng nh v t c kh nng
c ng cao, vn chuyn c ngi v hng ha trn nhiu
loi a hnh khc nhau.
Vi t ni chung v xe khch ni ring, an ton chuyn
ng l ch tiu hng u trong vic nh gi cht lng thit
k v s dng ca phng tin.
Mt trong cc h thng quyt nh n tnh an ton v n
nh chuyn ng l h thng li c bit l tc cao. Vi
ti ca mnh, em c bn hon thnh vic thit k h
thng li cho xe khch.
Trong qu trnh lm TKMH, c s hng dn tn tnh
ca thy gio Nguyn Hng Qun v cc thy c gio trong
b mn C kh t em hon thnh bi TKMH ca mnh.
Tuy nhin trong qu trnh thc hin, chc chn em khng
trnh khi nhng thiu st, do em rt mong nhn c s
ch bo v gp ca cc thy v cc bn.
Em xin chn
thnh cm n!
SVTH: o Vn Hng Lp C kh t Php K50
Trng H GTVT

Sinh
vin
o Vn
Hng
Trng H GTVT
CHNG I : TNG QUAN V H THNG LI

I, NHIM V, YU CU, PHN LOI
1, Nhim v
H thng li dng gi ng hng chuyn ng hoc
thay i hng chuyn ng ca t khi cn thit. C th
thay i hng chuyn ng bng cch :
- Thay i phng chuyn ng ca bnh xe dn hng.
- Thay i momen xon bnh sau ch ng
- Kt hp c 2 phng php.
Theo quan im v an ton chuyn ng thi h thng li
l h thng quan trng nht.
2, Phn loi
C nhiu cch phn loi h thng li t :
- Phn loi theo cch b tr c cu li :
+ Loi c cu li t bn tri ( dng cho cc nc c lut
giao thng quy nh chiu chuyn ng l bn phi, i a s
cc nc c lut giao thng i bn phi )
+ Loi c cu t bn phi ( dng cho cc nc c lut
giao thng quy nh chiu chuyn dng l bn tri , c rt t
nc th d: Anh Thy Din , Nht)
- Theo kt cu ca c cu li:
+ Loi trc vt, bnh vt
+ Loi trc vt n quay
+ Loi thanh kha
+ Loi lin hp ( Trc vt cu cung rng )
- Theo s bnh dn hng :
+ H thng li vi cc bnh xe dn hng cu trc
+ H thng li vi cc bnh xe dn hng cu sau
Trng H GTVT
+ H thng li vi cc bnh xe dn hng tt c cc

cu
- Theo nguyn l lm vic ca b phn tr lc li
+ Loi tr lc li thy lc
+ Loi tr lc li loi kh
+ Loi tr lc li c kh
+ Loi tr lc li dng in
- Theo kt cu ca b phn thy lc
+ H thng li vi b phn chu lc kiu van xoay
+ H thng li vi b phn chu lc kiu van trt
3, Yu cu
Mt trong cc h thng quyt nh n tnh an ton v
n nh chuyn ng ca t l h thng li. Theo h
thng li cn m bo cc yu cu sau :
- m bo tnh nng vn hnh cao ca t c ngha l
kh nng quay vng nhanh v ngot trong mt thi gian ngn
trn mt din tch rt b.
- Lc tc ng ln vnh tay li nhe, vnh tay li phi nm
v tr tin li i vi ngi li to cm gic thoi mi cho
ngi li trong qu trnh iu khin.
- m bo ng hc quay vng ng trong qu trnh
quay vng bnh xe khng b trt lt.
- H thng tr lc phi m bo chnh xc, tnh cht tu
ng m bo phi hp cht ch ca s tc ng ca h
thng li v s quay vng ca cc bnh xe dn hng.
- m bo quan h tuyn tnh gia gc quay vnh tay li
v gc quay vng ca cc bnh xe dn hng.
Trng H GTVT
- C cu li phi c t phn c treo kt cu h

thng treo trc khng nh hng n tnh ng hc ca c
cu li.
- H thng li phi c b tr sao cho thun tin cho qu
trnh bo dng, sa cha
- Khng i hi ngi li xe mt cng lao ng qu
ln khi iu khin t
- t c cu li ln phn c treo ca t, cu to n
gin iu khin nh nhng v thun li
II, CU TO CHUNG CA H THNG LI
Cu to c bn ca h thng li bao gm cc phn chnh:
vnh li, c cu li, dn ng li.
- C cu li l mt hp gim tc c b tr trn khung
hoc v ca t m nhn phn ln t s truyn ca h thng
li,
- Vnh li l c cu iu khin nm trn bung li, chu
tc ng trc tip ca ngi iu khin. Ni lin gia vnh li
v c cu li l trc li.
- Dn ng li gm cc kt cu dn ng ni t c cu li
ti cc bnh xe dn hng v cc lin kt gia cc bnh xe
dn hng. Bao gm: hai n bn, n ngang, trc quay bnh
xe.
Trng H GTVT
Hnh 1. H thng li n gin.

1 - Vnh tay li
4-Bnh vt
6,11,10 - Hnh thang li
2 - Trc li
3 - Trc vt
5 - Cam quay bn tri

7 - n quay ngang
9-
Cam quay bn phi

13 - n quay ng.
III, LA CHN PHNG N THIT K
Phng n c giao l : Thit k h thng li loi
trc vt con ln, tr lc thy lc, vi loi h thng treo
trc sau ph thuc nhip. . C cu li loi trc vt con
ln, c nhng u im sau:
- Trc vt c dng glbit nn mc d chu di ca trc
vt ln nhng s tip xc cc rng n khp c lu hn, do
gim c ng sut khi tip xc v tnh chng mi mn tt.
Trng H GTVT
- Ti trng tc dng ln chi tit tip xc c phn tn,

hoc 2 vng ren.
- t tn tht do ma st ( do thay th m st trt bng ma
st ln)
- C kh nng iu chnh c s n khp ca rng.
Dng trc ca con ln lch vi ng trc ca trc vt mt
on (= 5-7 )mm iu ny cho php trit tiu s hao mn khi
n khp bng cch iu chnh trong qu trnh s dng
1, Cu to
Hnh 1 : Cu to c cu li kiu trc vt con ln.

1- Trc ch ng.
4 - m iu chnh. 7 - Con ln.
11 - c du.
2 - V c cu li.
5 - Np di.
8, 10 - Trc b ng.
- Np.
12
Trng H GTVT
3, 13 - Trc vt lm. 6 - Trc con ln. 9 - Bc trc b ng. 14

- n quay.
Kiu c cu li ny s dng cp n khp trc vt, con ln
thc hin qu trnh iu khin xe chuyn hng hay quay
vng.
S cu to ca c cu to c th hin trn hnh 19,
bao gm trc vt lm (3) c ghp cng vi trc ch ng
(trc li) (1) v quay trn hai cu. Con ln (7) quay trn
trc (6) v n khp vi trc vt lm. Gia con ln v trc (6)
c bi kim, trc (6) c g trn nng (8) y cng l trc b
ng, trc b ng quay trn bc ta di (9) v c c nh
theo phng dc trc bng cc ai c. u ngoi ca trc b
ng (8) c lp n quay ng (14) v c hm cht bng
m vnh v cu.
Trng H GTVT
Hnh 2 : cc chi tit tho ri ca c cu li kiu trc vt

con ln.
Khi trc ch ng (1) quay lm trc vt lm (3) quay
theo. Do trc vt lm (3) n khp vi con ln (7) nn lm n
quay theo lm ton b nng (8) quay v hai pha tu theo
chiu quay ca trc li (1). Trc b ng (8) quay lm lm n
quay ng (14) quay theo v tc ng vo c cu dn ng
li.
CHNG II: TNH TON H THNG LI

I. CC THNG S CHO TRC.
Loi xe
K hiu lp
Trng lng phn b cho cu
trc
Trng lng phn b cho cu
sau
Chiu di c s
Khong cch gia hai tm tr
ng trong mt phng cha
hnh thang li
Xe khch
8,25 - 20
Ga1 = 2610 (KG) = 26100 (N)
Ga2 = 5450 (KG) = 54500 (N)
L = 3612 (mm)
B = 1895 (mm)
Trng H GTVT
Bn knh quay vng nh nht

ca bnh xe ngoi pha trc
Loi c cu li
Loi h thng treo
Rngoi min = 9,0 (m)

Ic = 20,5
Trc sau ph thuc nhp
II. XC NH CC THNG S C BN CA H THNG

LI
1.
Xc nh m men cn quay bnh xe dn hng
quanh tr ng
Lc tc dng ln vnh tay li ca t s t gi tr cc
i khi ta quay vng t ti ch. Lc y m men cn quay
vng dc bnh xe dn hng M c s bng tng s ca momen
cn ln chuyn ng M 1, mmen cn do cc bnh xe trt l
trn ng M2 v mmen cn cn thit lm n nh dn
hng M3 do cnh tay n a gy ra. Khi xc nh gi tr lc
cc i tc dng ln vnh li Pmax cn M3 c th b qua.
+ M men cn ln M1
+ M men cn trt M2
+ M men cn M3 gy ln bi vic lm n nh cc bnh
xe dn hng
* Tnh m men M1
Theo ti liu hng dn thit k :
M1 c xc nh theo cng thc : M1 = Z . f . a ( N.m)
(1)
Trong : Z1 Trng lng tc dng ln mt bnh xe dn
hng,
Z1
Ga1 26100
13050( N )
2
2
f h s cn ln,
f = 0,015
Trng H GTVT
a cnh tay n ca lc cn ln i vi cht chuyn hng

ca h thng li
Vi t khch ln th a = (60 100) mm
Theo trn chn a = 65 mm
Thay cc gi tr trn vo cng thc (1) ta c
Rbx
Y
Pf
a
Hnh 3. S tr ng nghing trong mt phng ngan

* Tnh m men M2
Theo ti liu hng dn thit k :
M2 c xc nh theo cng thc :
M2 = Y.x = Z . . 0,14 . Rbx

Vi - h s bm, chn = 0,7
x - tay n ca lc ngang Y i vi cht chuyn
hng ca h thng li.
tha nhn x = 0,14.R b x
nh hng ca M 3 c xc nh bng thc
nghim v c rt thnh h s nh hng x= 1,07
1,15.
Chn x = 1,1
Rbx l bn knh lm vic trung bnh ca bnh xe
Trng H GTVT

Rbx =
Trong :
.ro
- h s k n s bin dng ca lp, v c chn
ty thuc vo loi lp. Vi lp c p sut thp ta c

0,935. Chn
= 0,93
= 0,935
r - bn knh thit k ca bnh xe dn hng
ro B 25,4
2
(mm)
B chiu rng ca lp ( B = H) (inch)

H- chiu cao lp
d ng knh vnh bnh xe (inch)
Vi bnh xe c k hiu : 8,25 20 ta xc nh c :
B = H = 8,25 (inch)
d = 20 (inch)
20
r 8,25
25,4 463,55(mm)
2
T ta tnh c : Rbx = 0,935. 463,55 = 433,419 (mm)

Tng m men cn quay c 2 bnh dn hng tc dng
ln cam quay v t cam quay qua n dc ca dn ng li
l:
M cq1 M 1 M 2 2 2 Z ( f .a 0,14rbx ) x
Vi t hiu sut tnh n tiu hao do ma st cam quay
v cc khp ni trong truyn ng li . Vi t chi c cu
trc dn hng t = 0,5 0,7
Chn t = 0,6
Trng H GTVT
Vy m men cn quay vng ti cu dn hng l :
M cq1 2 13050 0,015 0,065 0,14 0,433419 1,05

= 1689,619 (N.m) = 1,690 (KN.m)
2.2. Xc nh lc ln nht tc dng ln v lng
Qmax
Qmax
M cq
R il
Trong : - R l bn knh v lng, vi t khch,ti R = 0,25

m
-
tl
: Hiu sut thun ca c cu li
thl 0,67 0,72
Chn
thl
= 0,7
tl cam 0,7 0,65 0,455

cam
: Hiu sut tnh n ma st ca dn ng li
cam 0,5 0,7
chn
cam 0,65
- il : t s truyn ca h thng li,
il ic id 20,5 1.5 30,75
T s truynca dn ng li : vi t khch
idd = 1,5
idd 1,3 1,5
chn
Trng H GTVT
Qmax
1689,619
483,050 N
0,25 30,75 0,455
Ta thy Qmax < 500N nn tha mn

2.3 Xc nh t s truyn ca h thng li iL , ca c
cu li icc, ca n ng li idd
T s truyn ca c cu li c xc nh theo cng thc
icc
il
idd
(1)
Trong : - icc : T s truyn c cu li. u bi cho i cc =

20,5
- il : T s truyn h thng li
- idd : T s truyn dn ng li.Vi t ti i dd =
1,3 1,5
Chn idd = 1,5
thay cc gi tr trn vo cng thc 1 ta c
il = icc * idd =
20,5 1.5 30,75
3. THIT K C CU LI
3.1 Tnh ton trc vt
Chn khong cch trc a w, s rng z2 ca bnh vt, s mi
ren z1. Trn c s t s truyn cho v da vo thit k CTM
ta c : ic = 20,5
Trng H GTVT
Chn s mi ren trc vt z1= 2

S rng ca bnh vt:
z2 2 20,5 41
Chn s rng bnh vt l z2= 42

T cng thc tnh t s truyn ca c cu li trc vt con
ln SGT kt cu v tnh ton t trang 147
ic
2 r2
t z1
Trong : - r2 : bn knh vng trn ban u ca hnh glbit

ca trc vt
Chn r2 = 50mm
- z1 : s u mi ren
- t : bc ren ca trc vt
2 r2 2 3,14 50
7,659mm
ic1 Z1
20,5 2
Mun dc ca trc vt:

m
t 7,659
2,439mm
3,14
. Chn m = 2,5
Theo bng (7.3) Tnh ton h dn ng c kh vi m

= 2,5 chn h s ng knh trc q =10
Khong cch trc:
aw
m Z 2 q x 2,5 42 10 0
65 mm
2
2
Trng H GTVT
Ly aw = 65
- H s dch chnh x, chn x= 0
- ng knh vng chia: d c 1 , Theo bng (7.9) tnh
ton thit k h dn ng c kh (T 155) :
d c 1 = q.m = 10.2,5 =25 (mm)
d c 2 = m.z 2 = 2,5.42 = 105(mm)
- ng knh vng nh:
d a 1 = d c 1 + 2m = 25 + 2. 2,5 = 30(mm)
-Xc nh ng knh vng y ren trong tit
din trung bnh ca trc vt d f 1 :
d f 1 = m(q 2,4)= 2,5 (10 2,4)= 19(mm)

- Vi m: m un dc trc vt
q: H s ng knh
x: H s dch chnh
- ng knh ngoi ca bnh vt
d aw2 d a 2 1,5m 110 1,5 2,5 113,75
mm
Chn d a w 2 = 113 mm
- Chiu rng bnh vt
b2 0,75d a1 0,75 30 22,5 mm
Chn b 2 = 22(mm)
Gc vt ca ng xon c:
Z
2
tg 1
0,2
q
10
vy gc vt ca ng xon c
Gc m
111835
Trng H GTVT

arcsin ba / d a10,5m
22
495535
30 0,5 2,5
arcsin
- Bn knh rng ca mt nh rng trc vt R e 1

R e 1 = a w - 0,5. d a 1
R e 1 =65 - 0,5.30 = 50 (mm)
- Xc nh chiu di lm vic ca trc vt :
L dc1 sin 25 sin 495535 19,131 mm

Trong : d c 1 ng knh vng chia bnh vt
3,2 Tnh ton bnh vt
Theo bng 7.9 tnh ton thit k h dn ng
c kh (T 155) : ta xc nh c cc thng s nh
sau:
- ng knh vng chia ca bnh vt:
d c 2 = m.z 2 = 2,5. 42 = 105 (mm)
- ng knh vng nh bnh vt:
d a 2 = m(z 2 +c2+2x) = 2,5.(42+ 2+ 2.0) = 110
- ng knh vng y rng:
d f 2 m z 2 2.4 2 x
2.5 42 2.4 2 0 99 mm
Trng H GTVT
T cc thng s cho ta xc nh c chiu

di lm vic ca trc vt :
L2 d c 2 sin 105 sin 495535 80,348 mm

Theo bng (7.10) Tnh ton thit k h dn
ng c kh
chiu di phn ct ren ca trc vt l:
L 3 (11+0,06. z 2 )m = 33,8. Chn L 3 = 35 mm
Cc thng s ca b truyn trc vt bnh vt

Thng s
Khong cch trc
aw
H s dch chnh
Gi tr
= 65 mm
x= 0
ng knh vng chia
d c 1 =25 mm
d c 2 = 105 mm
ng knh vng nh
d a 1 = 30 mm
d a 2 = 110 mm
ng knh vng y
d f 1 = 19 mm
d f 2 = 99 mm
ng
knh
ngoi
ca
d a w 2 = 113mm
bnh vt
b 2 = 22mm
Chiu rng bnh vt
495535
Gc m
Gc vt
4, THIT K HNH THANG LI

111835
Trng H GTVT
4,1 Cng dng ca hnh thang li

- Hnh thang li c tc dng m bo
s quay
vng ng ca cc bnh xe dn hng. Khi cc

bnh xe dn hng khng c s trt khi xe chuyn
ng.
- m bo quan h gia gc quay ca bnh xe
dn hng bn tri v bn phi sao cho cc bnh xe
ln trn cc ng trn khc nhau nhng ng tm.
4.2. Xy dng ng c tnh l thuyt ca hnh
thang li
Mun cc bnh xe thc hin quay vng ng th
quan h gia chng phi tha mn cng thc sau:
cotg
Trong :
-cotg
B
L
- gc quay ca bnh xe dn hng pha trong
- gc quay ca bnh xe dn hng pha ngoi
L- chiu di c s ca t
B khong cch ca 2 ng tm tr ng
trong mt phng i
qua tm trc bnh xe v song song vi mt
ng
Trng H GTVT
Hnh 4: S ng hc khi quay vng
cotg
Cho
nh c gc
= cotg
cc gi tr khc nhau t
B
L
00 450
ta ln lt xc
tng ng:
Bng 1: Bng thng s ca ng c tnh l thuyt
()
()
1,947
3,833
5,654
7,407
10
9,09
12
10,703
Trng H GTVT
14
12,243
16
13,712
18
15,163
20
16,489
22
17,849
24
19,086
26
20,305
28
21,504
30
22,636
32
23,749
34
24,797
36
25,827
38
26,839
40
27,789
42
28,767
44
29,683
45
30,114
Trng H GTVT
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
ng c tnh l thuyt
4.3. Xy dng ng c tnh thc t ca hnh
thang li
- Nhim v c bn khi thit k hnh thang li an t l
xc nh ng gc nghing ca cc n bn khi xe chy
thng:
Hnh 5.S xc nh cc kch thc ca hnh thang li
- Cn xc nh gc
v di mi n bn m v n
ngang n.
Trng H GTVT

,
- Quan h thc t gia cc gc quay
ph thuc vo
v m,n.
- Khi xe chy thng:
- T s dn ng li trn hnh ta c th tnh c mi
quan h gia cc thng s theo biu thc sau:
sin
B n
2m
- Khi xe quay vng:
Hnh 6.S quay vng ca hnh thang li
Khi bnh xe dn hng bn tri quay i mt gc

bnh xe bn phi quay i 1 gc
, lc ny hai n bn phi
hp vi ng thng ngang mt gc
l
v bnh xe bn tri
T s dn ng trn hnh trn ta c mi quan h ca

cc thng s theo quan h sau:
Trng H GTVT
m.cos( )
m B.sin( ) 2m.sin 2 2 B.sin
arctg
arcsin
2
B m.sin( )
m 2 .cos 2 ( ) B m.sin( )
Trong : m thng ly theo kinh nghim m/B= 0,12 ;

0,14 ; 0,16.
Chn s b theo kinh nghim m = 0,12 * B = 227,4
( mm)
Chn s b gc
ban u theo cng thc ca
Chuakop
Cotg 90
B
2 0,7 L
Cotg 90
Thay s :
Ta tnh c
Cho
21 35
1895
0,3747
2 0,7 3612
( theo kinh nghim thit k)
cc gi tr xung quanh gi tr s b (
=210 ).
Cho = 190,200,210,220,230,s tm c mi quan h thc
t gia
theo cng thc sau:
arctg
m.cos( )
m B.sin( ) 2 m.sin 2 2 B.sin
arcsin
2
B m.sin( )
m 2 .cos 2 ( ) B m.sin( )
Bng 2: Bng thng s ca ng c tnh thc t:
= 19
= 20
= 21
= 22
= 23
Trng H GTVT
1,947
1,947
1,947
1,947
1,947
3,891
3,890
3,890
3,890
3,890
5,767
5,711
5,711
5,711
5,711
7,576
7,520
7,520
7,463
7,463
10
9,314
9,258
9,202
9,202
9,146
12
10,979
10,924
10,869
10,813
10,758
14
12,571
12,517
12,462
12,407
12,298
16
14,144
14,036
13,982
13,874
13,820
18
15,642
15,536
15,430
15,323
15,216
20
17,014
16,909
16,804
16,647
16,541
22
18,418
18,263
18,108
17,952
17,797
24
19,697
19,494
19,341
19,188
19,034
26
20,907
20,707
20,506
20,355
20,153
28
22,048
21,851
21,653
21,405
21,206
30
23,171
22,928
22,685
22,441
22,195
32
24,181
23,941
23,653
23,364
23,122
34
25,174
24,844
24,560
24,275
23,989
36
26,059
25,734
25,408
25,080
24,797
38
26,885
26,565
26,197
25,873
25,501
40
27,699
27,294
26,931
26,565
26,197
42
28,413
28,013
27,610
27,203
26,794
44
29,074
28,635
28,191
27,744
27,339
45
29,380
28,899
28,458
28,013
27,565
Trng H GTVT
ng c tnh thc t
35
30
25
19
20
20
B ta
21
15
22
23
10
l thuyt
5
0
0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Alpha
T bng gi tr thu c ta xy dng th quan
h
thc t trn cng th quan h
Theo bng gi tr trn ta chn
l thuyt.
sao cho s sai lch so
vi ng l thuyt nh nht v nh hn 1 , ta chn c

0
190
Cc kch thc c bn ca hnh thang li l :

- ta c:
= 190
- di n bn m = 227,4 mm
- di thanh ko ngang :
Trng H GTVT
n B 2 m sin 1746,932 mm
- Gc quay ln nht ca cc bnh xe dn hng pha
ngoi quanh tr ng c tnh theo cng thc :
max
arctg
a L2 B
ng min
Trong : - L : chiu di c s, L = 3612 mm

- B : tm vt bnh xe, B = 1895 mm
- a: tay n ca lc cn ln i vi tr ng, i
vi xe ti nh
a= 30 60 mm. Chn a = 60 mm
Rng min
: bn knh quay vng nh nht ca bnh xe
ngoi,
Rng min 9 m
Thay s vo ta c :
3612
max arctg
9000 60
29 53 40
3612 1895
2
- Gc quay ln nht ca cc bnh xe dn hng pha

trong quanh tr ng c tnh theo cng thc :
cot g max cot g max
B
L
Trng H GTVT
B
1895
max ar cot g cot g max x arc cot g cot g 29,53

38,52
L
3612
3. THIT K TRC LI
Trc li lm bng thp rng c tnh theo ng sut
xon do lc tc dng trn vnh li:
Theo gio trnh kt cu v tnh ton t ng sut xon
c xc inh theo cng thc:
Ql max .R.D
MN / m 2
4
4
0,2.( D d )
Trong :
(2)
- Qmax : lc li ln nht tc dng ln v lng
- D, d : ng knh trong v ng knh ngoi

ca trc li
-R
:bn knh vnh tay li, R = 0,25m
Chn vt liu ch to trc li l thp C40 khng nhit

luyn, phi ch to l phi thp ng c ng sut tip xc cho
php
50 80MN / m 2
50 80 MN / m 2
Do ta c
Gi s d = 0,8D
Chn
65 MN / m 2
Qmax R D
65
0,2 D 4 d 4
(1)
Thay vo cng thc (1) ta c
Trng H GTVT

483,050 250 7,6752 D 3
D = 25,058 mm . Chn D = 25 mm
Do d = 0,8D = 20 mm
Thay D, d vo cng thc (2) ta c
483,050 0,25 0,025

65453929,54 N / m 2 65,454 MN / m 2
4
4
0,2 0,025 0,020
65,454 MN / m 2
Vy tha mn iu kin
6, KIM TRA BN C CU LI
Truyn ng loi trc vt con ln cn m bo cho cc rng c bn
un,bi th trong tnh ton cn ch n chng mn v bn tip xc.
chd
Vi
T
700 800( MN / m 2 )
F
2 .Qmax .R
t
- Kim tra theo ng sut chn dp`
Trong : T lc dc trc vt
- t : bc trc vt: t= m
- m : M un dc trc
- P m a x : lc tc dng ln nht ln v lng
- R
: bn knh v lng, R = 0,25 m
Trng H GTVT

T
2 483,050 250
96610 N
2,5
F - din tch tip xc gia trc vt vi con ln
F (1 sin 1 ).r12 (2 sin 2 ).r22

2 = 23 0 ,
1 = 76 0 ,
r 1 = d a 1 /2 =30/2=15(mm),
r 2 = d a 2 /2 =110/2=55(mm)
76
1
1,326
180
23
2
0,401
180
F 1,326 0,970) 152 0,4 0,39 552

= 110,35(mm 2 )
Vy: thay vo ta c:
cd
96610
N / mm2
110,35
Trng H GTVT
7. TNH BN DN NG LI
7.1. n quay ng
Trc vt
n quay ng ca c cu li dng truyn chuyn

ng t trc b ng ca c cu li n thanh dc ca dn
ng li.
Thc nghim chng t rng lc cc i tc dng ln n
quay ng thng khng qu 0,5.G 1(G1 - trng lng tc dng
ln cc bnh xe trc ca t trng thi tnh). Tnh ton vi
2 gi tr N, gi tr no ln hn ta ly.
N 0,5 G1 0,5 1305 652,5( KG) 6525 N

- ng sut un tc dng ln n quay ng:
Trng H GTVT
u=
N .l
Wu
< [ u ]=15002000(KG/cm 2 )
Ly [ u ]=1800(KG/cm 2 )
lchiu di n quay ng. Tra bng 4 HDTKMH, l=
148mm
.d 3
Mt khc ta c: W u =
32 N l
.d 3
32
=1800(KG/cm 2 )
(d: ng knh trc ca n quay ng)

d 3
32 652,5 14,8
3,795 cm 37,95 mm
3,14 1800
W u = 5,366 (cm 4 )
u
652,5 14,8
1799,729 KG / cm 2
5,366
- ng sut xon tc dng ln n quay

ng:
x
N d
600 800 KG / cm 2
Wo
Trng H GTVT
Trong : m men chng xon :
d 3 3,14 3,7953
W0
10,726 cm 4
16
16
x
652,5 3,795
230,859 KG / cm 2
10,726
Vy Kt qu tnh c tha mn iu kin bn

7.2. Thanh ko
Trn thanh dc s c mt lc N = 525 (kG)tc
dng. i vi thanh ngang, lc tc dng tnh theo
trng hp nguy him ca cu dn hng :
Q
Pp a
b
G1 m1 p a
2b
Trong : - G 1 : trng lng tc dng ln cc

bnh xe trc
ca t trng thi tnh
- m 1 p : h s phn b trng lng ln
cu dn
hng khi phanh, ly m 1 p = 1,4
-
: h s bm, chn
= 0,7
- a : c chn s b theo phn tnh

ton trc,
a = 60 mm
Trng H GTVT

b m cos 227,4 cos 19 215,011 mm
13050 1,4 0,7 60

1784,420 N
2 215,011
- ng sut nn:
+ Ca thanh dc:
d
N
n 500 600 KG / m 2
Fd
Trong :
[ n ]- ng sut nn cho php, chn [ n ] =
500(KG/m 2 )
F d - tit din ca thanh dc :
Fd
D2 d 2
0,2826 D 2
4
Do d = 0,8D)
(D,d- ng knh ngoi, ng knh trong ca

thanh ko dc)
0,2826.D 2 .500 =652,5
D = 2,149(cm) =21,49(mm)
d = 0,8 * 21,49 = 17,191(mm)
Fd 0,2826 21,492 130,510 mm2
Vy ta c:
Trng H GTVT

d
6525
49,996 N / mm2
130,510
+ Ca thanh ngang:
nn
Q 1784,420
13,673 N / mm2
Fn 130,510
(Chn F n =F d =130,510(mm 2 ))
- H s d tr bn:
k
nd 49,996
1,836
nn 27,23
Vy thanh bn ( v k = 1,25
2,5)
7.3. Khp cu (Rtuyn li)

Vt liu ch to khp cu l thp 20XH c
cd 30 N / mm 2
, khp cu c kim nghim theo ng sut chn
dp ti v tr lm vic v kim tra bn ct ti v tr ngm.

Lc tc dng ln khp cu chnh l lc tc dng ln n
quay ng, PD= N = 5250 N
- Kim tra ng sut chn dp ti b mt lm vic ca
khp cu:
cd
PD
F
Trng H GTVT
Trong : F din tch tip xc gia mt cu v m

rotuyn. Trong thc t lm vic, din tch lm vic chim 2/3 b
mt ca khp cu.Nn b mt chu lc tip xc chim 1/2. 2/3
= 1/3 b mt khp cu.
Ta c:
1
F .D 2
3
D ng knh khp cu, chn theo thc t D = 35mm

cd
6525
1
3,14 352
3
5,089 N cd
Tha mn iu kin chn dp ti b mt lm vic ca

khp cu.
- Kim tra theo bn ct

Kim tra khp cu ti v tr nguy him nht (v tr ngm),
vi ng sut ct cho php l:
c 80 N / mm 2
ng sut ct c tnh theo cng thc sau:

c
Fc
PD
Fc
.D 2 3,14.35 2
961,625mm 2
4
4
Trong :
Trng H GTVT

c
PD
6525
6,785 N / mm 2
Pc 961,625
Tha mn iu kin ct ti tit din nguy him nht.

Vy khp cu bn trong qu trnh lm vic.
KT LUN
Trn y l ton b ni dung thuyt minh thit k mn
hc ca em. C th thy thit k mn hc khng ch cung cp
cho em nhng kin thc b ch ca chuyn ngnh m cn
gip em tng hp li kin thc cc mn hc khc nh chi tit
my, sc bn, .
Sau mt thi gian nghin cu, tnh ton thit k, c s
gip tn tnh, ch bo ca Thy gio Nguyn Vn Bang
Trng H GTVT
cng cc Thy trong b mn, v cc bn trong lp em

hon thnh cc cng vic sau da trn s liu ca xe thit k:
- Thit k, tnh ton c cu li trc vt con ln (glbit)
- Thit k hnh thang li
- Thit k trc li
- Kim tra bn c cu li, dn ng li
Mc d c nhiu c gng nhng do thi gian v kinh
nghim thit k cn hn ch nn khng th trnh khi nhng
thiu st. V vy em rt mong nhn c s ch bo ca cc
Thy bi thit k ca em c hon thin hn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n!
TI LIU THAM KHO
1 Nguyn Khc Trai - C s thit k t , Nh sut bn giao

thng vn ti
Trng H GTVT
2. Trnh Ch Thin T c Long Nguyn Vn Bang.Kt

cu tnh ton t, Nh Xut Bn Giao Thng Vn Ti - Nm
1984.
3. PGS. TS. Trnh Cht TS. L Vn Uyn. Tnh ton thit
k h dn ng c kh, Nh Xut Bn Gio Dc.
4. Ng Hc Hng. Kt cu v tnh ton t, Nh Xut Bn
Giao Thng Vn Ti H Ni Nm 2008
Trng H GTVT
MC LC
LI
NI
U...1
CHNG I :TNG QUAN V H THNG LI.
.2
1. Cng
dng2
2. Phn
loi..2
3. Yu
cu2
4. Cu to chung...
3
5. La
chn
phng
thit
k4
CHNG
II :
TNH
TON
THNG
LI
.5
1. Cc
thng
cho
trc5
2. Xc nh cc thng s c bn ca h thng li
li...5
3. Thit
cu
li7
4. Thit
hnh
thang
li...11
5. Thit
li..18
trc
Trng H GTVT
6. Kim

tra
bn
cu
li..19
7. Tnh
bn
dn
ng
li20
KT
LUN
.25
TI
LIU
KHO...26
THAM

TKMH TK Oto11

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TKMH TK Oto11

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Trng H GTVT

TKMH Kt cu v tnh ton t

Trong nn kinh t ang tng trng mnh m ca nc

SVTH: o Vn Hng Lp C kh t Php K50

TKMH Kt cu v tnh ton t

SVTH: o Vn Hng Lp C kh t Php K50

TKMH Kt cu v tnh ton t

CHNG I : TNG QUAN V H THNG LI

TKMH Kt cu v tnh ton t

+ H thng li vi cc bnh xe dn hng tt c cc

TKMH Kt cu v tnh ton t

- C cu li phi c t phn c treo kt cu h

SVTH: o Vn Hng Lp C kh t Php K50

TKMH Kt cu v tnh ton t

Hnh 1. H thng li n gin.

5 - Cam quay bn tri

Cam quay bn phi

SVTH: o Vn Hng Lp C kh t Php K50

TKMH Kt cu v tnh ton t

- Ti trng tc dng ln chi tit tip xc c phn tn,

Hnh 1 : Cu to c cu li kiu trc vt con ln.

4 - m iu chnh. 7 - Con ln.

SVTH: o Vn Hng Lp C kh t Php K50

TKMH Kt cu v tnh ton t

3, 13 - Trc vt lm. 6 - Trc con ln. 9 - Bc trc b ng. 14

SVTH: o Vn Hng Lp C kh t Php K50

TKMH Kt cu v tnh ton t

Hnh 2 : cc chi tit tho ri ca c cu li kiu trc vt

CHNG II: TNH TON H THNG LI

SVTH: o Vn Hng Lp C kh t Php K50

TKMH Kt cu v tnh ton t

Bn knh quay vng nh nht

Rngoi min = 9,0 (m)

II. XC NH CC THNG S C BN CA H THNG

Xc nh m men cn quay bnh xe dn hng

SVTH: o Vn Hng Lp C kh t Php K50

TKMH Kt cu v tnh ton t

a cnh tay n ca lc cn ln i vi cht chuyn hng

Hnh 3. S tr ng nghing trong mt phng ngan

M2 = Y.x = Z . . 0,14 . Rbx

TKMH Kt cu v tnh ton t

- h s k n s bin dng ca lp, v c chn

ty thuc vo loi lp. Vi lp c p sut thp ta c

r - bn knh thit k ca bnh xe dn hng

B chiu rng ca lp ( B = H) (inch)

T ta tnh c : Rbx = 0,935. 463,55 = 433,419 (mm)

TKMH Kt cu v tnh ton t

Vy m men cn quay vng ti cu dn hng l :

M cq1 2 13050 0,015 0,065 0,14 0,433419 1,05

2.2. Xc nh lc ln nht tc dng ln v lng

Trong : - R l bn knh v lng, vi t khch,ti R = 0,25

: Hiu sut thun ca c cu li

thl 0,67 0,72

tl cam 0,7 0,65 0,455

: Hiu sut tnh n ma st ca dn ng li

cam 0,5 0,7

- il : t s truyn ca h thng li,

il ic id 20,5 1.5 30,75

idd 1,3 1,5

TKMH Kt cu v tnh ton t

Ta thy Qmax < 500N nn tha mn

Trong : - icc : T s truyn c cu li. u bi cho i cc =

20,5 1.5 30,75